19
Views
5
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Doppler dynamics: their clinical significance and relationship with fetal blood gases and pH measurements

Pages 448-452 | Published online: 02 Jul 2009

  • Akalin-Sel T. and Campbell S. (1992) Understanding the pathophysiology of intra-uterine growth retardation: the role of the 'lower limb reflex' in redistribution of blood flow. European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 46,79-86.
  • Akalin-Sel T., Nicolaides K.H., Peacock J. and Campbell S. ( 1994) Doppler dynamics and their complex interrelation with fetal oxygen pressure, carbon dioxide pressure and pH in growth-retarded fetuses. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 84,439444.
  • Benirschke K. and Kaufmann P. ( 1995) Pathology of the Human Placenta, 3rd edition. New York, Springer Verlag.
  • Bilardo C.M., Nicolaides K.H. and Campbell S. (1990) Doppler measurements of fetal and uteroplacental circulations: relationship with umbilical venous blood gases measured at cordocentesis. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 162,115-120.
  • Booking A.D., Gagnon R., White S.E., Homan J., Milne K.M. and Richardson B.S. (1988) Circulatory responses to prolonged hypoxemia in fetal sheep. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 159,1418-1424.
  • Gosling R.G. and King D.H. (1975) Ultrasonic angiology. In: Arteries and Veins, edited by Harcus A.W. and Adamson I., pp 61-68. New York, Churchill Livingstone.
  • Hanson M.A. (1988) The importance of baro- and chemoreflexes in the control of fetal cardiovascular system. Journal of Developmental Physiology, 10,491-511.
  • Harrington K. (1993) Appendix 3: Doppler values of maternal and fetal circulation. In: Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology, edited by Chervenak F.A., Isaacson G.C. and Campbell S., pp. 1799-1801. Boston, Little Brown.
  • Heistad D.D. and Kontos H. ( 1983) The cardiovascular system. In: Handbook of Physiology, edited by Shepherd J.T. and Abboud P.M., pp. 137-182. Bethesda, Maryland, American Physiology Society.
  • Jackson M.R., Walsh A.C. and Morrow RJ. (1995) Reduced placenta! villous tree elaboration in small-for-gestational age pregnancies: relationship with umbilical artery Doppler waveforms. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 172,518-525.
  • Krebs C., Macara L.M., Leiser R., Bowman A.W.F., Greer I.A. and Kingdom J.C.P. (1996) Intrauterine growth restriction with absent end-diastolic flow velocity in the umbilical artery is associated with maldevelopment of the terminal placenta! villous tree. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 175,1534-1542.
  • Macara L.M., Kingdom J.C.P., Kohnen G., Bowman A.W., Greer I.A. and Kaufmann P. (1995) Elaboration of stem villous vessels in growth-restricted pregnancies with abnormal umbilical artery Doppler waveforms. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 102,807-812.
  • Madazli R., Uludag S., Sen C. and Ocak V. (1995) Doppler dynamics and their relationship with fetal blood gases and pH measurements with cordocentesis. Journal of Maternal and Fetal Investigation, 5,201-210.
  • Nicolaides K.H., Bilardo C.M., Sootfaill P.W. and Campbell S.(1988) Absence of end diastolic frequencies in umbilicalartery: a sign of fetal hypoxia and acidosis. British MedicalJournal, 297,1026-1027.
  • Nicolaides K.H. (1993) Appendix 2: fetal blood analysis. In: Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology, edited byChervenak F.A., Isaacson G.C. and Campbell S., pp. 1787-1797. Boston, Little Brown.
  • Pardi G., Cetin I., Marconi A.M., Lanfranchi A., Bizzeti P.,Ferrazzi E., Buscaglia M. and Buttaglia F. (1993) Diagnostic value of blood sampling in the fetus with growth retardation.New England Journal of Medicine, 328,692-696.
  • Vyas S., Nicolaides K.H., Bower S. and Campell S. (1990) Middle cerebral artery flow velocity in fetal hypoxaemia.British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 97, 797-803.
  • Vyas S. and Campbell S. (1993) Fetal Doppler studies in the hypoxic fetus. In: ltrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology, edited by Chervenak F.A., Isaacson G.C. and Campbell S., pp. 619-624. Boston, Little Brown.
  • Weiner C.P. ( 1990) The relationship between umbilical artery systolic/diastolic ratio and umbilical blood gas measurements in specimens obtained by cordocentesis. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 162,198-202.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.