References
- Angel J.L., Pietrantoni M., O'Brien W.F. and Knuppel R.A. (1991) Cervical cerclage in early pregnancy. Journal of Perinatology, 9, 258 — 261.
- Ayhan A., Mercan R., Tuncer Z.S., Tuncer R. and Kisnisci H.A. (1992) Postconceptional cervical cerclage. International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, 42, 243–246.
- Bakketeig L.S., Hoffman H.J. and Harley E.E. (1979) The tendency to repeat gestational age and birth weight in successive births. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gyne-cology, 135, 1086–1103.
- Balde M.D., Stolz W., Wacker J., Strunz P., Paul M. and Bastert G. (1991) Vaginal sonography in the diagnosis of and therapeutic indications in cervical incompetence. Journal de Gynaecologie Obstetrique et Biologie de la Reproduction, 20, 675— 679.
- Berghella V., Haas S., Chervonera I. and Hyslop T. (2002) Patients with prior second trimester loss: prophylatic cerclage or serial transvaginal sonograms. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 187, 747–751.
- British Medical Research Council (BMRC) and Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists Working Party on Cervical Cerclage (1993) Final report of the Medical Research Council/Royal College of Obstetricians and Gy-naecologists multicentre randomised trial of cervical cerclage. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 100, 516— 523.
- Brockerhoff P., Seufert R., Casper F. and Riedinger J. (1990) Pregnancy following cerclage for multiple pregnancy. Zen-tralblatt fur Gynakologie, 112, 1341 —1344.
- Cardwell M.S. (1988) Cervical cerclage: a ten-year review in a large hospital. South Medical Journal, 81, 15— 19.
- Drakeley A.J., Roberts D. and Alfirevic Z. (2003) Cervical stitch (cerclage) for preventing pregnancy loss in women (Cochrane Review). Cochrane Database Systematic Reviews, 1, CD003253.
- Funai E.F., Paidas M.J., Rebarber A., O'Neill L., Rosen T.J. and Young B.K. (1999) Change in cervical length after prophylactic cerclage. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 94, 117 — 119.
- Goldman G.A., Dicker D., Peleg D. and Goldman J.A. (1989) Is elective cerclage justified in the management of triplets and quadruplets? Australian and New Zealand Journal of Ob-ststrics and Gynaecology, 29, 9 — 12.
- Groom KM., Shennan A.H. and Bennett P.R. (2002) Ultra-sound-indicated cervical cerclage: outcome depends on preoperative cervical length and presence of visible mem-branes at time of cerclage. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 187, 445–449.
- Guzman ER., Vintzileos A.M., McLean D.A., Martin ME., Benito C. W. and Hanley M. L. (1997) The natural history of a positive history of a positive response to transfundal pressure in women at risk for cervical incompetence. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 176, 634 — 638.
- Harger J.H. (2002) Cerclage and cervical insufficiency: an evidence-based analysis. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 100,1313–1327.
- Hibbard J.U., Snow J. and Moawad A.H. (2000) Short cervical length by ultrasound and cerclage. Journal of Perinatology, 20, 161 — 165.
- Iams J.D., Johnson F.F., Sonek J., Sachs L., Gebauer C. and Samuels P. (1995) Cervical competence as a continuum: a study of ultrasonographic cervical length and obstetric performance. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 172, 1097–1103.
- Iams J.D., Goldenberg R.L., Meis P.J., Mercer B.M., Mowad A., Das A., Thom E., McNellis D., Copper R.L., Johnson F. and Roberts J.M. (1996) The length of the cervix and the risk of spontaneous premature delivery. New England Journal of Medicine, 334, 567–572.
- Iams J.D. (1997) Cervical ultrasonography. Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology, 10, 156 — 160.
- Kurup M. and Goldkrand J.W. (1999) Cervical incompetence: elective, emergent, or urgent cerclage. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 181, 240–246.
- Lazar P., Gueguen S., Dreyfus J., Renaud R., Pontinnier G. and Papiernik E. (1984) Multicentred controlled trial of cervical cerclage in women at moderate risk of preterm delivery. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 91, 731 — 735.
- Lees D.H. and Sutherst J.R. (1974) The sequelae of cervical trauma. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 120, 1050— 1054.
- Lidegaard O. (1994) Cervical incompeytence and cerclage in Denmark 1980— 1990. A register based epidemiological survey. Acta Obstetricia Gynecologica Scandinavica, 73, 35 — 38.
- Marder S.J. and Jackson M. (1999) Sonographic assessment of the incompetent cervix during pregnancy. Seminars in Roentgenology, 34, 35–40.
- Mitra A.G., Katz V.L., Bowes W.A. and Carmichael S. (1992) Emergency cerclage: a review of 40 consecutive procedures. American Journal of Perineonatology, 9, 142–145.
- Mordel N., Zajicek G., Benshushan A., Schenker J.G., Laufer N. and Sadosky E. (1993) Elective suture of uterine cervix in triplets. American Journal of Perinatology, 10, 14 — 16.
- Ogawa M., Sanda H., Tsuda A., Hirano H. and Tanaka T. (1999) Modified cervical cerclage in pregnant women with advanced bulging membranes: knee—chest positioning. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 78, 779–782.
- Palaniappan V., Skentou C., Gibb D. and Nicolaides K.H. (2002) Elective cerclage vs. ultrasound-indicated cerclage in high-risk pregnancies. Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecol-ogy, 19, 475 — 477.
- Rush R.W., Isaacs S., McPherson K., Jones L., Chalmers I. and Grant A. (1984) A randomized controlled trial of cervical cerclage in women at high risk of spontaneous preterm delivery. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 91, 724— 730.
- Sobande A.A., Archibong El., Sadek A., Singagil N.H. and Akinola S.E. (2002) A clinico-epidemiological review of cervical cerclage from the Assir region of Saudi Arabia. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 22, 150–154.
- Strauss A., Heer I. M., Janssen U., Dannecker C., Hillemanns P. and Muller-Egloff S. (2002) Routine cervical cerclage in higher order multiple gestation—does it prolong the preg-nancy? Twin Research, 5, 67–70.
- Zorzoli A., Soliani A., Perra M., Caravelli E., Galimberti A. and Micolini U. (1994) Cervical changes throughout preg-nancy as assessed by transvaginal sonography. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 84, 960–964.