![The World Congress on Controversies in Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility (COGI). Click here to learn more.]({"type":"image" , "src" : "/sda/112382/JournalAd-COGI2024-Leaderboard.jpg"})
References
- Acker DB, Gregory KD, Sachs BP, Friedman EA. 1988. Risk factors for Erb-Duchenne palsy. Obstetrics and Gynecology 71:389–392.
- Benedetti TJ, Gabbe SG. 1978. Shoulder dystocia. Obstetrics and Gynecology 52:526–529.
- Eng GD, Koch B, Smokvina MD. 1978. Brachial plexus palsy in neonates and children. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 59:458–464.
- Geutjens G, Gilbert A, Helsen K. 1996. Obstetric brachial plexus palsy associated with breech delivery. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery 78: 777–779.
- Gherman RB, Ouzounian JG, Miller DA, Kwok L, Goodwin TM. 1998. Spontaneous vaginal delivery: a risk factor for Erb's palsy? American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 178:423–427.
- Gilbert WM, Nesbitt TS, Danielson B. 1999. Associated factors in 1611 cases of brachial plexus injury. Obstetrics and Gynecology 93:536–540.
- Gordon M, Rich H, Deutschberger J, Green M. 1973. The immediate and long term outcome of obstetric birth trauma: I. Brachial Plexus Paralysis. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 117:51–56.
- Gonik B, Walker A, Grimm M. 2000. Mathematic modelling of endogenous forces associated with shoulder dystocia: A com-parison of endogenous and exogenous sources. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 182:689–691.
- Hankins G, Clark S. 1995. Brachial plexus palsy involving the posterior shoulder at spontaneous vaginal delivery. American Journal of Perinatology 12:44–45.
- Hopwood HGO Jr. 1982. Shoulder dystocia: fifteen years' experience in a community hospital. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 144:162–166.
- Kay SPJ, Webb F, Bellew M. 1999. Obstetric brachial palsy - basis for management. Electronic Journal of Hand Surgery, 1st ed. Laurent JP Lee RT. 1994. Birth-related upper brachial plexus injuries in infants: operative and nonoperative approaches. Journal of Child Neurology 9:111–117.
- Ouzounian JG, Korst L, Phelan J. 1997. Permanent Erb's palsy: A traction related injury? Obstetrics and Gynaecology 89:139–141.
- Resnik R. 1980. Management of shoulder girdle dystocia. Clinics in Obstetrics and Gynecology 23:559–564.
- Sandmire HF, DeMott RK. 2002. Erb's palsy causation: A historical perspective. Birth 29:52–54.
- Smellie W. 1768. A collection of cases and observations in midwifery. (to illustrate his former treatise) first volume on that subject. Newed, London: W. Strahan, T. Cadell, G. Nicol, 1779; p 446–8.
- Wickstorm J, Haslam ET, Hutchison RH. 1955. The surgical management of residual deformity of the shoulder following birth injuries of the brachial plexus. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery 37A:27–36.