Adnexal incidentalomas on multidetector CT: how to manage and characterise

References

• Atri M, Alabousi A, Reinhold C. 2018. American College of Radiology. ACR Appropriateness Criteria: Clinically Suspected Adnexal Mass. [cited Mar 30]. Available from: https://acsearch.acr.org/ docs/69466/Narrative/.
   Google Scholar
• Asayama Y, Yoshimitsu K, Aibe H, Nishie A, Kakihira D, Irie H, et al. 2006. MDCT of the gonadal veins in females with large pelvic masses: value in differentiating ovarian versus uterine origin. American Journal of Roentgenology 186:440–448.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baheti AD, Lewis CE, Hippe DS, O’Malley RB, Wang CL. 2018. Imaging characterization of adnexal lesions: do CT findings correlate with US? Abdominal Radiology (NY) 43:1764–1771.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bazot M, Ghossain MA, Buy JN, Deligne L, Hugol D, Truc JB, et al. 1993. Fibrothecomas of the ovary: CT and US findings. Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography 17:754–759.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bazot M, Nassar-Slaba J, Thomassin-Naggara I, Cortez A, Uzan S, Darai E. 2006. MR imaging compared with intraoperative frozen-section examination for the diagnosis of adnexal tumors; correlation with final histology. European Radiology 16:2687–2699.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borders RJ, Breiman RS, Yeh BM, Qayyum A, Coakley FV. 2004. Computed tomography of corpus luteal cysts. Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography 28:340–342.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Buy JN, Ghossain MA, Moss AA, Bazot M, Doucet M, Hugol D, et al. 1989. Cystic teratoma of the ovary: CT detection. Radiology 171:697–701.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buy JN, Ghossain MA, Mark AS, Deligne L, Hugol D, Truc JB, et al. 1992. Focal hyperdense areas in endometriomas: a characteristic finding on CT. American Journal of Roentgenology 159:769–771.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castellani F, Nganga EC, Dumas L, Banerjee S, Rockall AG. 2019. Imaging in the pre-operative staging of ovarian cancer. Abdominal Radiology (NY) 44:685–696.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen J, Wang J, Chen X, Wang Y, Wang Z, Li D. 2017. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging features of ovarian fibrothecoma. Oncology Letters 14:1172–1178.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chung BM, Park SB, Lee JB, Park HJ, Kim YS, Oh YJ. 2015. Magnetic resonance imaging features of ovarian fibroma, fibrothecoma, and thecoma. Abdominal Imaging 40:1263–1272.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fishman EK, Scatarige JC, Saksouk FA, Rosenshein NB, Siegelman SS. 1983. Computed tomography of endometriosis. Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography 7:257–264.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Forstner R. 2007. Radiological staging of ovarian cancer: imaging findings and contribution of CT and MRI. European Radiology 17:3223–3246.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forstner R, Thomassin-Naggara I, Cunha TM, Kinkel K, Masselli G, Kubik-Huch R, et al. 2017. ESUR recommendations for MR imaging of the sonographically indeterminate adnexal mass: an update. European Radiology 27:2248–2257.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forstner R. 2019. Ovaries and fallopian tubes: normal findings and anomalies. In: Forstner R, Cunha TM and Hamm B, editors. MRI and CT of the female. Switzerland: Springer. p. 225–239.
   Google Scholar
• Foshager MC, Walsh JW. 1994. CT anatomy of the female pelvis: a second look. Radiographics 14:51–64.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fukuda T, Ikeuchi M, Hashimoto H, Shakudo M, Oonishi M, Saiwai S, et al. 1986. Computed tomography of ovarian masses. Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography 10:990–996.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gatreh-Samani F, Tarzamni MK, Olad-Sahebmadarek E, Dastranj A, Afrough A. 2011. Accuracy of 64-multidetector computed tomography in diagnosis of adnexal tumors. Journal of Ovarian Research 4:15.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghossain MA, Buy JN, Ligneres C, Bazot M, Hassen K, Malbec L, et al. 1991. Epithelial tumors of the ovary: comparison of MR and CT findings. Radiology 181:863–870.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Govil S, Justus A. 2006. Using the ovarian vein to find the ovary. Abdominal Imaging 31:747–750.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gross BH, Moss AA, Mihara K, Goldberg HI, Glazer GM. 1983. Computed tomography of gynecologic diseases. American Journal of Roentgenology 141:765–773.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heilbrun ME, Olpin J, Shaaban A. 2010. Imaging of benign adnexal masses: characteristic presentations on ultrasound, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. Topics in Magnetic Resonance Imaging 21:213–223.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hricak H, Chen M, Coakley FV, Kinkel K, Yu KK, Sica G, et al. 2000. Complex adnexal masses: detection and characterization with MR imaging-multivariate analysis. Radiology 214:39–46.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jung SE, Lee JM, Rha SE, Byun JY, Jung JI, Hahn ST. 2002. CT and MR imaging of ovarian tumors with emphasis on differential diagnosis. Radiographics 22:1305–1325.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kawamoto S, Urban BA, Fishman EK. 1999. CT of epithelial ovarian tumors. Radiographics 19:S85–S102.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khattak YJ, Hafeez S, Alam T, Beg M, Awais M, Masroor I. 2013. Ovarian masses: is multi-detector computed tomography a reliable imaging modality?. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 14:2627–2630.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kim HC, Kim SH, Lee HJ, Shin SJ, Hwang SI, Choi YH. 2002. Fluid-fluid levels in ovarian teratomas. Abdominal Imaging 27:100–105.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim MY, Rha SE, Oh SN, Jung SE, Lee YJ, Kim YS, et al. 2009. MR imaging findings of hydrosalpinx: a comprehensive review. Radiographics 29:495–507.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Langer JE, Jacobs JE. 1996. High-resolution computed tomography of the female pelvis: spectrum of normal appearances. Seminars in Roentgenology 31:267–278.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee JH, Jeong YK, Park JK, Hwang JC. 2003. “Ovarian vascular pedicle” sign revealing organ of origin of a pelvic mass lesion on helical CT. American Journal of Roentgenology 181:131–137.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mubarak F, Alam MS, Akhtar W, Hafeez S, Nizamuddin N. 2011. Role of multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) in patients with ovarian masses. International Journal of Women’s Health 3:123–126.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mukhtar S, Khan SA, Hussain M, Adil SO. 2017. Role of multidetector computed tomography in evaluation of ovarian lesions in women clinically suspected of malignancy. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 18:2059–2062.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Patel MD, Ascher SM, Paspulati RM, Shanbhogue AK, Siegelman ES, Stein MW, Berland LL. 2013. Managing incidental findings on abdominal and pelvic CT and MRI, part 1: white paper of the ACR Incidental Findings Committee II on adnexal findings. Journal of the American College of Radiology 10:675–681.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pickhardt PJ, Hanson ME. 2010. Incidental adnexal masses detected at low-dose unenhanced CT in asymptomatic women age 50 and older: implications for clinical management and ovarian cancer screening. Radiology 257:144–150.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saksouk FA, Johnson SC. 2004. Recognition of the ovaries and ovarian origin of pelvic masses with CT. Radiographics 24:S133–S146.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sawyer RW, Vick CW, Walsh JW, McClure PH. 1985. Computed tomography of benign ovarian masses. Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography 9:783– 789.
   Google Scholar
• Sharmila V, Saichandran S, Babu TA, Singh D. 2013. A rare case of bilateral ovarian fibroma presenting as Meigs syndrome. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 33:636–637.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shin YM, Lee JK, Turan N, Mauro D, Chong W. 2010. Computed tomography appearance of ovarian cysts with hyperenhancing rim during the menstrual cycle in women of different ages. Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography 34:532–536.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Slanetz PJ, Hahn PF, Hall DA, Mueller PR. 1997. The frequency and significance of adnexal lesions incidentally revealed by CT. American Journal of Roentgenology 168:647–650.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stitt IA, Stany MP, Moser RP, Rose GS, Dunlow SG. 2009. Incidental gynecological findings on computed tomographic colonography: prevalence and outcomes. Gynecologic Oncology 115:138–141.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsili AC, Tsampoulas C, Charisiadi A, Kalef-Ezra J, Dousias V, Paraskevaidis E, Efremidis SC. 2008a. Adnexal masses: accuracy of detection and differentiation with multidetector computed tomography. Gynecologic Oncology 110:22–31.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsili AC, Tsampoulas C, Argyropoulou M, Navrozoglou I, Alamanos Y, Paraskevaidis E, Efremidis SC. 2008b. Comparative evaluation of multidetector CT and MR imaging in the differentiation of adnexal masses. European Radiology 18:1049–1057.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsili AC, Dalkalitsis N, Paraskevaidis E, Tsampoulas K. 2010. Multi-detector CT features of benign adnexal lesions. Academic Radiology 17:31–38.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yitta S, Hecht EM, Slywotzky CM, Bennett GL. 2009. Added value of multiplanar reformation in the multidetector CT evaluation of the female pelvis: a pictorial review. Radiographics 29:1987–2005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yitta S, Mausner EV, Kim A, Kim D, Babb JS, Hecht EM, Bennett GL. 2011. Pelvic ultrasound immediately following MDCT in female patients with abdominal/pelvic pain: is it always necessary? Emergency Radiology 18:371–380.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wagner BJ, Buck JL, Seidman JD, McCabe KM. 1994. From the archives of the AFIP. Ovarian epithelial neoplasms: radiologic-pathologic correlation. Radiographics 14:1351–1374.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar