669
Views
8
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Evaluating instructional designs with mental workload assessments in university classrooms

ORCID Icon &
Pages 1199-1229 | Received 06 Mar 2020, Accepted 02 Dec 2020, Published online: 23 Dec 2020

References

  • Ayres, Paul. 2006. “Using Subjective Measures to Detect Variations of Intrinsic Cognitive Load Within Problems.” Learning and Instruction 16 (5): 389–400.
  • Baddeley, Alan, and Graham James Hitch. 1974. “Working Memory.” In Recent Advances in Learning and Motivation, Vol. 8, edited by G.A. Bower, 47–90. Academic Press.
  • Box, Joan Fisher. 1987. “Guinness, Gosset, Fisher, and Small Samples.” Statistical Science 2 (1): 45–52.
  • Brame, Cynthia J. 2016. “Effective Educational Videos: Principles and Guidelines for Maximizing Student Learning from Video Content.” CBE-Life Sciences Education 15 (4): es6.
  • Brookhuis, Karel A., and Dick de Waard. 2010. “Monitoring Drivers Ḿental Workload in Driving Simulators Using Physiological Measures.” Accident Analysis & Prevention 42 (3): 898–903.
  • Brünken, Roland Ed., Jan L. Plass, and Roxana Ed. Moreno. 2010. ““Current Issues and Open Questions in Cognitive Load Research.”
  • Cain, Brad. 2007. A Review of the Mental Workload Literature, Technical report, Defence Research and Development Canada Toronto, Human System Integration Section.
  • Chandler, P., and J. Sweller. 1991. “Cognitive Load Theory and the Format of Instruction.” Cognition and Instruction 8 (4): 293–332.
  • Cierniak, Gabriele, Katharina Scheiter, and Peter Gerjets. 2009. “Explaining the Split-attention Effect: Is the Reduction of Extraneous Cognitive Load Accompanied by An Increase in Germane Cognitive Load?.” Computers in Human Behavior 25 (2): 315–324.
  • Clark, Richard E., and David F. Feldon. 2005. “Five Common But Questionable Principles of Multimedia Learning.” The Cambridge Handbook of Multimedia Learning 6: 97–116.
  • Debue, Nicolas, and Cécile van de Leemput. 2014. “What Does Germane Load Mean? An Empirical Contribution to the Cognitive Load Theory.” Frontiers in Psychology 5: 1099.
  • De Jong, Ton. 2010. “Cognitive Load Theory, Educational Research, and Instructional Design: Some Food for Thought.” Instructional Science 38 (2): 105–134.
  • DeLeeuw, Krista E., and Richard E. Mayer. 2008. “A Comparison of Three Measures of Cognitive Load: Evidence for Separable Measures of Intrinsic, Extraneous, and Germane Load.” Journal of Educational Psychology 100 (1): 223.
  • DiDomenico, Angela, and Maury A. Nussbaum. 2008. “Interactive Effects of Physical and Mental Workload on Subjective Workload Assessment.” International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics 38 (11–12): 977–983.
  • Dixon, Peter. 1991. “From Research to Theory to Practice: Commentary on Chandler and Sweller.” Cognition and Instruction 8 (4): 343–350.
  • Doksum, Kjell. 1974. “Empirical Probability Plots and Statistical Inference for Nonlinear Models in the Two-sample Case.” The Annals of Statistics 00: 267–277.
  • Gerjets, Peter, Katharina Scheiter, and Gabriele Cierniak. 2009. “The Scientific Value of Cognitive Load Theory: A Research Agenda Based on the Structuralist View of Theories.” Educational Psychology Review 21 (1): 43–54.
  • Goldman, Susan R. 1991. “On the Derivation of Instructional Applications From Cognitive Theories: Commentary on Chandler and Sweller.” Cognition and Instruction 8 (4): 333–342.
  • Gwizdka, Jacek. 2009. “Assessing Cognitive Load on Web Search Tasks.” The Ergonomic Open Journal2 (1): 114–123.
  • Gwizdka, Jacek. 2010, November. “Distribution of Cognitive Load in Web Search.” Journal of the American Society & Information Science & Technology 61 (11): 2167–2187.
  • Harrell, Frank E., and C. E. Davis. 1982. “A New Distribution-free Quantile Estimator.” Biometrika 69 (3): 635–640.
  • Hart, Sandra G. 2006a. “Nasa-Task Load Index (nasa-tlx); 20 Years Later.” In Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, Vol. 50, 904–908. San Francisco, CA: Sage Journals.
  • Hart, Sandra G. 2006b. “Nasa-task Load Index (nasa-tlx); 20 Years Later.” Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 50 (9): 904–908.
  • Hart, Sandra G., and Lowell E. Staveland. 1988. “Development of Nasa-Tlx (Task Load Index): Results of Empirical and Theoretical Research.” In Human Mental Workload, edited by Peter A. Hancock and Najmedin Meshkati, Vol. 52 of Advances in Psychology, 139–183. North-Holland.
  • Henrie, Curtis R., Lisa R. Halverson, and Charles R. Graham. 2015. “Measuring Student Engagement in Technology-mediated Learning: A Review.” Computers & Education 90: 36–53.
  • Homer, B. D., J. L. Plass, and L. Blake. 2008. “The Effects of Video on Cognitive Load and Social Presence in Multimedia-learning.” Computers in Human Behavior 24 (3): 786–797.
  • Huey, Beverly Messick, and Christopher D. Wickens. 1993. Workload Transition: Implication for Individual and Team Performance. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
  • Jiang, Dayu, and Slava Kalyuga. 2020. “Confirmatory Factor Analysis of Cognitive Load Ratings Supports a Two-factor Model.” Tutorials in Quantitative Methods for Psychology 16: 216–225.
  • Kalyuga, Slava. 2007. “Enhancing Instructional Efficiency of Interactive E-learning Environments: A Cognitive Load Perspective.” Educational Psychology Review 19 (3): 387–399.
  • Kalyuga, Slava. 2011. “Cognitive Load Theory: How Many Types of Load Does it Really Need?.” Educational Psychology Review 23 (1): 1–19.
  • Kalyuga, Slava, and Anne-Marie Singh. 2016. “Rethinking the Boundaries of Cognitive Load Theory in Complex Learning.” Educational Psychology Review 28 (4): 831–852.
  • Levinson, A. J. 2010. “Where is Evidence-based Instructional Design in Medical Education Curriculum Development?.” Medical Education 44: 536–537.
  • Longo, Luca. 2014. Formalising Human Mental Workload as a Defeasible Computational Concept, Doctor in philosophy, School of Computer Science and Statistics -- Trinity College Dublin.
  • Longo, Luca, and Pierpaolo Dondio. 2015. “On the Relationship Between Perception of Usability and Subjective Mental Workload of Web Interfaces.” In Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology (WI-IAT), 2015 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on, Vol. 1, 345–352. IEEE.
  • Mautone, P. D., and R. E Mayer. 2001. “Signaling As a Cognitive Guide in Multimedia Learning.” Journal of Educational Psychology 93 (2): 377.
  • Mayer, Richard E. 1997. “Multimedia Learning: Are We Asking the Right Questions?.” Educational Psychologist 32 (1): 1–19.
  • Mayer, Richard E. 2002. “Multimedia Learning.” Psychology of Learning and Motivation 41: 85–139.
  • Mayer, Richard E. 2005. The Cambridge Handbook of Multimedia Learning. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Mayer, Richard E. 2009. Multimedia Learning. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Mayer, Richard E. 2012. “Information Processing.” 85–99. American Psychological Association.
  • Mayer, R. E. 2017. “Using Multimedia for E-learning.” Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 33 (5): 403–423. JCAL-16-266.R1.
  • Mayer, Richard E., and Roxana Moreno. 2003. “Nine Ways to Reduce Cognitive Load in Multimedia Learning.” Educational Psychologist 38 (1): 43–52.
  • Miller, G. A. 1956. “The Magical Number Seven, Plus Or Minus Two: Some Limits on Our Capacity for Processing Information.” Psychological Review 63 (2): 81–97.
  • Moroney, Brian W., Joel S. Warm, and William N. Dember. 1995. “Effects of Demand Transitions on Vigilance Performance and Perceived Workload.” Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 39 (21): 1375–1379.
  • Mousavi, S., R. Low, and J. Sweller. 1995. “Reducing Cognitive Load by Mixing Auditory and Visual Presentation Modes.” Journal of Educational Psychology 87 (2): 319–334.
  • Moustafa, Karim, and Luca Longo. 2019. “Analysing the Impact of Machine Learning to Model Subjective Mental Workload: A Case Study in Third-Level Education.” In Human Mental Workload: Models and Applications, edited by Luca Longo and M. Chiara Leva, 92–111, Cham: Springer International Publishing.
  • Moustafa, Karim, Saturnino Luz, and Luca Longo. 2017. “Assessment of Mental Workload: A Comparison of Machine Learning Methods and Subjective Assessment Techniques.” In International Symposium on Human Mental Workload: Models and Applications, 30–50. Springer.
  • Noyes, Jan M, and Daniel P. J. Bruneau. 2007. “A Self-analysis of the Nasa-tlx Workload Measure.” Ergonomics 50 (4): 514–519.
  • Orru, Giuliano, Federico Gobbo, Declan O'Sullivan, and Luca Longo. 2018. “An Investigation of the Impact of a Social Constructivist Teaching Approach, Based on Trigger Questions, Through Measures of Mental Workload and Efficiency.” In Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Computer Supported Education, CSEDU 2018, Funchal, Madeira, Portugal, March 15-17, 2018, Volume 2., 292–302.
  • Orru, Giuliano, and Luca Longo. 2019a. “Direct Instruction and its Extension With a Community of Inquiry: A Comparison of Mental Workload, Performance and Efficiency.” In Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Computer Supported Education, CSEDU 2019, Heraklion, Crete, Greece, May 2–4, 2019, Volume 1., 436–444.
  • Orru, Giuliano, and Luca Longo. 2019b. “The Evolution of Cognitive Load Theory and the Measurement of its Intrinsic, Extraneous and Germane Loads: A Review.” In Human Mental Workload: Models and Applications, edited by Luca Longo and M. Chiara Leva, 23–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing.
  • Paas, Fred, Juhani E. Tuovinen, Huib Tabbers, and Pascal W. M. Van Gerven. 2003. “Cognitive Load Measurement As a Means to Advance Cognitive Load Theory.” Educational Psychologist 38 (1): 63–71.
  • Paas, Fred, and Jeroen J. G. Van Merrienboer. 1993. “The Efficiency of Instructional Conditions: An Approach to Combine Mental Effort and Performance Measures.” Human Factors: the Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 35 (4): 737–743.
  • Paivio, A. 1990. Mental Representations: A Dual Coding Approach. Oxford Psychology Series. Oxford University Press.
  • Popper, Karl. 2005. The Logic of Scientific Discovery. London: Routledge.
  • Popper, Karl. 2014. Conjectures and Refutations: The Growth of Scientific Knowledge. New York: Routledge.
  • Puma, Sébastien, Nadine Matton, Pierre-Vincent Paubel, and André Tricot. 2018. “Cognitive Load Theory and Time Considerations: Using the Time-based Resource Sharing Model.” Educational Psychology Review 30 (3): 1199–1214.
  • Reid, Gary B., and Thomas E. Nygren. 1988. “The Subjective Workload Assessment Technique: A Scaling Procedure for Measuring Mental Workload.” In Human Mental Workload, Vol. 52 of Advances in Psychology, Chap. 8, edited by Peter A. Hancock and Najmedin Meshkati, 185–218. North-Holland.
  • Rizzo, Lucas, Pierpaolo Dondio, Sarah Jane Delany, and Luca Longo. 2016. “Modeling Mental Workload Via Rule-Based Expert System: A Comparison With Nasa-Tlx and Workload Profile.” In IFIP International Conference on Artificial Intelligence Applications and Innovations, 215–229. Springer.
  • Rizzo, Lucas Middeldorf, and Luca Longo. 2017. “Representing and Inferring Mental Workload Via Defeasible Reasoning: A Comparison With the Nasa Task Load Index and the Workload Profile.” In Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on Advances In Argumentation In Artificial Intelligence AI3@AI*IA. CEURS.
  • Rizzo, Lucas, and Luca Longo. 2018. “Inferential Models of Mental Workload With Defeasible Argumentation and Non-Monotonic Fuzzy Reasoning: A Comparative Study.” In Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Advances In Argumentation In Artificial Intelligence, co-located with XVII International Conference of the Italian Association for Artificial Intelligence, AI3@AI*IA 2018, 20-23 November 2018, Trento, Italy, 11–26. CEURS.
  • Roscoe, Alan H., and George A. Ellis. 1990, March. A Subjective Rating Scale for Assessing Pilot Workload in Flight: A Decade of Practical Use, Technical report TR 90019, Royal Aerospace Establishment, Farnborough (UK).
  • Rousselet, Guillaume A., Cyril R. Pernet, and Rand R. Wilcox. 2017. “Beyond Differences in Means: Robust Graphical Methods to Compare Two Groups in Neuroscience.” European Journal of Neuroscience 46 (2): 1738–1748.
  • Royston, Patrick. 1995. “Remark AS R94: A Remark on Algorithm AS 181: The W-test for Normality.” Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series C (Applied Statistics) 44 (4): 547–551.
  • Rubio, Susana, Eva Diaz, Jesus Martin, and Jose M. Puente. 2004. “Evaluation of Subjective Mental Workload: A Comparison of Swat, Nasa-tlx, and Workload Profile Methods.” Applied Psychology 53 (1): 61–86.
  • Schnotz, Wolfgang, and Christian Kürschner. 2007. “A Reconsideration of Cognitive Load Theory.” Educational Psychology Review 19 (4): 469–508.
  • Seufert, Tina, Inge Jänen, and Roland Brünken. 2007. “The Impact of Intrinsic Cognitive Load on the Effectiveness of Graphical Help for Coherence Formation.” Computers in Human Behavior 23 (3): 1055–1071.
  • Sweller, John. 1994. “Cognitive Load Theory, Learning Difficulty, and Instructional Design.” Learning and Instruction 4 (4): 295–312.
  • Sweller, John. 2010. “Element Interactivity and Intrinsic, Extraneous, and Germane Cognitive Load.” Educational Psychology Review 22 (2): 123–138.
  • Sweller, J., J. Van Merrienboer, and F. Paas. 1998. “Cognitive Architecture and Instructional Design.” Educational Psychology Review 10 (3): 251–296.
  • Tattersall, Andrew J., and Penelope S. Foord. 1996. “An Experimental Evaluation of Instantaneous Self-assessment As a Measure of Workload.” Ergonomics 39 (5): 740–748.
  • Tsang, Pamela S. 2006. “Mental Workload.” In Encyclopedia of Ergonomics and Human Factors, Vol. 1, Chap. 166. edited by Waldemar Karwowski, Taylor & Francis.
  • Tsang, Pamela S., and Velma L. Velazquez. 1996. “Diagnosticity and Multidimensional Subjective Workload Ratings.” Ergonomics 39 (3): 358–381.
  • Tsang, Pamela S., and Michael A. Vidulich. 2006. “Mental Workload and Situation Awareness.” In edited by Gavriel Salvendy, Handbook of Human Factors and Ergonomics, 243–268. Wiley & Sons.
  • Van Gog, Tamara, Femke Kirschner, Liesbeth Kester, and Fred Paas. 2012. “Timing and Frequency of Mental Effort Measurement: Evidence in Favour of Repeated Measures.” Applied Cognitive Psychology26 (6): 833–839.
  • Van Gog, Tamara, and Fred Paas. 2008. “Instructional Efficiency: Revisiting the Original Construct in Educational Research.” Educational Psychologist 43 (1): 16–26.
  • Vidulich, Michael A., James Schueren, and Frederic G. Ward. 1991, December. “Using the Subjective Workload Dominance (sword) Technique for Projective Workload Assessment.” Human Factors Society33 (6): 677–691.
  • Wickens, Christopher D. 2008. “Multiple Resources and Mental Workload.” Human Factors 50 (2): 449–454.
  • Wickens, Christopher D., and Justin G. Hollands. 1999, September. Engineering Psychology and Human Performance. 3rd ed. New York: Prentice Hall.
  • Wiebe, Eric N., Edward Roberts, and Tara S. Behrend. 2010. “An Examination of Two Mental Workload Measurement Approaches to Understanding Multimedia Learning.” Computers in Human Behavior 26 (3): 474–481.
  • Wilcox, Rand R. 1995. “Comparing Two Independent Groups Via Multiple Quantiles.” Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series D (The Statistician) 44 (1): 91–99.
  • Wilcox, Rand R. 2012. “Comparing Two Independent Groups Via a Quantile Generalization of the Wilcoxon-mann-whitney Test.” Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods 11 (2): 2.
  • Wilcox, Rand R., and David M. Erceg-Hurn. 2012. “Comparing Two Dependent Groups Via Quantiles.” Journal of Applied Statistics 39 (12): 2655–2664.
  • Wilcox, Rand R., David M. Erceg-Hurn, Florence Clark, and Michael Carlson. 2014. “Comparing Two Independent Groups Via the Lower and Upper Quantiles.” Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation 84 (7): 1543–1551.
  • Wilcoxon, Frank. 1945, December. “Individual Comparisons by Ranking Methods.” Biometrics Bulletin1 (6): 80–83.
  • Wilson, Glenn F., and Thomas F. Eggemeier. 2006. “Mental Workload Measurement.” In Int. Encyclopedia of Ergonomics and Human Factors, 2nd ed., Vol. 1, Chap. 167. edited by Waldemar Karwowski, Taylor and Francis.
  • Wilson, Glenn F., and Christopher A. Russell. 2003. “Real-time Assessment of Mental Workload Using Psychophysiological Measures and Artificial Neural Networks.” Human Factors 45 (4): 635–644.
  • Xie, Bin, and Gavriel Salvendy. 2000. “Review and Reappraisal of Modelling and Predicting Mental Workload in Single and Multi-task Environments.” Work and Stress 14 (1): 74–99.
  • Young, Mark S., Karel A. Brookhuis, Christopher D. Wickens, and Peter A. Hancock. 2015. “State of Science: Mental Workload in Ergonomics.” Ergonomics 58 (1): 1–17.
  • Young, M. S., and N. A. Stanton. 2001. “Mental Workload: Theory, Measurement, and Application.” In International Encyclopedia of Ergonomics and Human Factors, Vol. 1, 507–509. London: Taylor and Francis.
  • Young, Mark S., and Neville A. Stanton. 2004. “Mental Workload.” In Handbook of Human Factors and Ergonomics Methods, Chap. 39, edited by Neville Anthony Stanton, Alan Hedge, Karel Brookhuis, Eduardo Salas, and Hal W. Hendrick, 1–9. CRC Press.
  • Young, Mark S., and Neville A. Stanton. 2006. “Mental Workload: Theory, Measurement, and Application.” In Encyclopedia of Ergonomics and Human Factors, 2nd ed., Vol. 1, edited by Waldermar Karwowski, 818–821. Taylor & Francis.
  • Zheng, Robert Z. 2017. Cognitive Load Measurement and Application: a Theoretical Framework for Meaningful Research and Practice. New York: Routledge.
  • Zijlstra, Ferdinand R. H. 1993. “Efficiency in Work Behaviour.” Doctoral thesis, Delft University.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.