How did you feel during the navigation? Influence of emotions on browsing time and interaction frequency in immersive virtual environments

References

• Alhalabi, W. S. 2016. “Virtual Reality Systems Enhance Students’ Achievements in Engineering Education.” Behaviour & Information Technology 35 (11): 919–925. doi:10.1080/0144929X.2016.1212931.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bender, S. M., and B. Sung. 2021. “Fright, Attention, and Joy While Killing Zombies in Virtual Reality: A Psychophysiological Analysis of VR User Experience.” Psychology & Marketing 38: 937–947. doi:10.1002/mar.21444.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blascovich, J. 2002. “Social Influence Within Immersive Virtual Environments.” In The Social Life of Avatars, edited by R. Schroeder, 127–145. New York, NY: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Blascovich, J., J. Loomis, A. C. Beall, K. R. Swinth, C. L. Hoyt, and J. N. Bailenson. 2002. “Immersive Virtual Environment Technology: Just Another Methodological Tool for Social Psychology?” Psychological Inquiry 13 (2): 146–149. doi:10.1207/S15327965PLI1302_03.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bolton, R. N., J. R. McColl-Kennedy, L. Cheung, A. Gallan, C. Orsingher, L. Witell, and M. Zaki. 2018. “Customer Experience Challenges: Bringing Together Digital, Physical and Social Realms.” Journal of Service Management 29 (5): 776–808. doi:10.1108/JOSM-04-2018-0113.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bowman, D. A., and R. P. McMahan. 2007. “Virtual Reality: How Much Immersion is Enough?” Computer 40 (7): 36–43. doi:10.1109/MC.2007.257.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bradley, M. M., and P. J. Lang. 1994. “Measuring Emotion: The Self-assessment Manikin and the Semantic Differential.” Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry 25 (1): 49–59. doi:10.1016/0005-7916(94)90063-9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown, P. 1979. “An Enquiry Into the Origins and Nature of Tempo Behaviour.” Psychology of Music 7 (1): 19–35. doi:10.1177/030573567971003.
   Google Scholar
• Cheng, L. K., M. H. Chieng, and W. H. Chieng. 2014. “Measuring Virtual Experience in a Three-dimensional Virtual Reality Interactive Simulator Environment: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach.” Virtual Reality 18 (3): 173–188. doi:10.1007/s10055-014-0244-2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coelli, S., R. Barbieri, G. Reni, C. Zucca, and A. M. Bianchi. 2018. “EEG Indices Correlate with Sustained Attention Performance in Patients Affected by Diffuse Axonal Injury.” Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing 56 (6): 991–1001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cowan, K., and S. Ketron. 2019. “A Dual Model of Product Involvement for Effective Virtual Reality: The Roles of Imagination, co-Creation, Telepresence, and Interactivity.” Journal of Business Research 100: 483–492. doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.10.063.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Csikszentmihalyi, M. 1990. Flow: The Psychology of Optimal Experience. New York, NY: Harpers and Row.
   Google Scholar
• Donovan, R., and J. Rossiter. 1982. “Store Atmosphere: An Environmental Psychology Approach.” Journal of Retailing 58 (1): 34–57.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eroglu, S. A., K. A. Machleit, and L. M. Davis. 2001. “Atmospheric Qualities of Online Retailing: A Conceptual Model and Implications.” Journal of Business Research 54 (2): 177–184. doi:10.1016/S0148-2963(99)00087-9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eroglu, S. A., K. A. Machleit, and L. M. Davis. 2003. “Empirical Testing of a Model of Online Store Atmospherics and Shopper Responses.” Psychology and Marketing 20 (2): 139–150. doi:10.1002/mar.10064.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flavián, C., S. Ibáñez-Sánchez, and C. Orús. 2019. “The Impact of Virtual, Augmented and Mixed Reality Technologies on the Customer Experience.” Journal of Business Research 100: 547–560. doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.10.050.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freeman, J., S. E. Avons, R. Meddis, D. E. Pearson, and W. IJsselsteijn. 2000. “Using Behavioral Realism to Estimate Presence: A Study of the Utility of Postural Responses to Motion Stimuli.” Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 9 (2): 149–164. doi:10.1162/105474600566691.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Green, E., A. Green, and D. Walters. 1970. “Voluntary Control of Internal States: Psychological and Physiological.” The Journal of Transpersonal Psychology 2 (1): 71–88.
   Google Scholar
• Ha, Y., and S. J. Lennon. 2010. “Online Visual Merchandising (VMD) Cues and Consumer Pleasure and Arousal: Purchasing Versus Browsing Situation.” Psychology & Marketing 27 (2): 141–165. doi:10.1002/mar.20324.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Higuera-Trujillo, J. L., J. López-Tarruella Maldonado, and C. Llinares Millán. 2017. “Psychological and Physiological Human Responses to Simulated and Real Environments: A Comparison Between Photographs, 360° Panoramas, and Virtual Reality.” Applied Ergonomics 65: 398–409. doi:10.1016/j.apergo.2017.05.006.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hunter, J. P., and M. Csikszentmihalyi. 2003. “The Positive Psychology of Interested Adolescents.” Journal of Youth and Adolescence 32 (1): 27–35. doi:10.1023/A:1021028306392.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Izard, C. E. 1977. Human Emotions. New York, NY: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Jimeno-Morenilla, A., J. L. Sánchez-Romero, H. Mora-Mora, and R. Coll-Miralles. 2016. “Using Virtual Reality for Industrial Design Learning: A Methodological Proposal.” Behaviour & Information Technology 35 (11): 897–906. doi:10.1080/0144929X.2016.1215525.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, K., M. Z. Rosenthal, D. J. Zielinski, and R. Brady. 2014. “Effects of Virtual Environment Platforms on Emotional Responses.” Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine 113 (3): 882–893. doi:10.1016/j.cmpb.2013.12.024.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klimesch, W. 1999. “EEG Alpha and Theta Oscillations Reflect Cognitive and Memory Performance: A Review and Analysis.” Brain Research Reviews 29 (2–3): 169–195.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kober, S. E., J. Kurzmann, and C. Neuper. 2012. “Cortical Correlate of Spatial Presence in 2D and 3D Interactive Virtual Reality: An EEG Study.” International Journal of Psychophysiology 83 (3): 365–374. doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2011.12.003.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koo, D. M., and S. H. Ju. 2010. “The Interactional Effects of Atmospherics and Perceptual Curiosity on Emotions and Online Shopping Intention.” Computers in Human Behavior 26 (3): 377–388. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2009.11.009.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lau, K. W., and P. Y. Lee. 2019. “Shopping in Virtual Reality: A Study on Consumers’ Shopping Experience in a Stereoscopic Virtual Reality.” Virtual Reality 23 (3): 255–268. doi:10.1007/s10055-018-0362-3.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mandolfo, M., S. Chen, and G. Noci. 2020. “Co-creation in new Product Development: Which Drivers of Consumer Participation?” International Journal of Engineering Business Management 12: 184797902091376. doi:10.1177/1847979020913764.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marín-Morales, J., J. L. Higuera-Trujillo, A. Greco, J. Guixeres, C. Llinares, E. P. Scilingo, M. Alcañiz, and G. Valenza. 2018. “Affective Computing in Virtual Reality: Emotion Recognition from Brain and Heartbeat Dynamics Using Wearable Sensors.” Scientific Reports 8: 1. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-32063-4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marín-Morales, J., C. Llinares, J. Guixeres, and M. Alcañiz. 2020. “Emotion Recognition in Immersive Virtual Reality: From Statistics to Affective Computing.” Sensors 20 (18): 5163. doi:10.3390/s20185163.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mauss, I. B., and M. D. Robinson. 2009. “Measures of Emotion: A Review.” Cognition & Emotion 23 (2): 209–237. doi:10.1080/02699930802204677.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mehrabian, A., and J. Russell. 1974. An Approach to Environmental Psychology. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
   Google Scholar
• Meißner, M., J. Pfeiffer, C. Peukert, H. Dietrich, and T. Pfeiffer. 2020. “How Virtual Reality Affects Consumer Choice.” Journal of Business Research 117: 219–231. doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.06.004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meißner, M., J. Pfeiffer, T. Pfeiffer, and H. Oppewal. 2019. “Combining Virtual Reality and Mobile Eye Tracking to Provide a Naturalistic Experimental Environment for Shopper Research.” Journal of Business Research 100: 445–458. doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2017.09.028.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Menon, S., and B. E. Kahn. 1995. “The Impact of Context on Variety Seeking in Product Choices.” Journal of Consumer Research 22 (3): 285. doi:10.1086/209450.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milliman, R. E. 1982. “Using Background Music to Affect the Behavior of Supermarket Shoppers.” Journal of Marketing 46 (3): 86–91.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nah, F. F. H., B. Eschenbrenner, and D. DeWester. 2011. “Enhancing Brand Equity Through Flow and Telepresence: A Comparison of 2D and 3D Virtual Worlds.” MIS Quarterly 35: 731–747.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ohme, R., D. Reykowska, D. Wiener, and A. Choromanska. 2010. “Application of Frontal EEG Asymmetry to Advertising Research.” Journal of Economic Psychology 31 (5): 785–793. doi:10.1016/j.joep.2010.03.008.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park, S.-M., and Y.-G. Kim. 2022. “A Metaverse: Taxonomy, Components, Applications, and Open Challenges.” IEEE Access 10: 4209–4251. doi:10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3140175.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Posner, J., J. A. Russell, A. Gerber, D. Gorman, T. Colibazzi, S. Yu, Z. Wang, A. Kangarlu, H. Zhu, and B. S. Peterson. 2009. “The Neurophysiological Bases of Emotion: An fMRI Study of the Affective Circumplex Using Emotion-denoting Words.” Human Brain Mapping 30 (3): 883–895. doi:10.1002/hbm.20553.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Posner, J., J. A. Russell, and B. S. Peterson. 2005. “The Circumplex Model of Affect: An Integrative Approach to Affective Neuroscience, Cognitive Development, and Psychopathology.” Development and Psychopathology 17 (3): 715–734. doi:10.1017/S0954579405050340.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rauschnabel, P. A. 2018. “Virtually Enhancing the Real World with Holograms: An Exploration of Expected Gratifications of Using Augmented Reality Smart Glasses.” Psychology & Marketing 35 (8): 557–572. doi:10.1002/mar.21106.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ravaja, N., O. Somervuori, and M. Salminen. 2013. “Predicting Purchase Decision: The Role of Hemispheric Asymmetry Over the Frontal Cortex.” Journal of Neuroscience, Psychology, and Economics 6 (1): 1–13. doi:10.1037/a0029949.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Riva, G., F. Mantovani, C. S. Capideville, A. Preziosa, F. Morganti, D. Villani, A. Gaggioli, C. Botella, and M. Alcañiz. 2007. “Affective Interactions Using Virtual Reality: The Link Between Presence and Emotions.” CyberPsychology & Behavior 10 (1): 45–56. doi:10.1089/cpb.2006.9993.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rubio-Tamayo, J. L., M. Gertrudix Barrio, and F. García García. 2017. “Immersive Environments and Virtual Reality: Systematic Review and Advances in Communication, Interaction and Simulation.” Multimodal Technologies and Interaction 1 (4): 1–21. doi:10.3390/mti1040021.
   Google Scholar
• Rudd, M., K. D. Vohs, and J. Aaker. 2012. “Awe Expands People’s Perception of Time, Alters Decision Making, and Enhances Well-being.” Psychological Science 23 (10): 1130–1136. doi:10.1177/0956797612438731.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Russell, J. A., and A. Mehrabian. 1977. “Evidence for a Three-factor Theory of Emotions.” Journal of Research in Personality 11 (3): 273–294. doi:10.1016/0092-6566(77)90037-X.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saunders, C., A. F. Rutkowski, M. Van Genuchten, D. Vogel, and J. M. Orrego. 2011. “Virtual Space and Place: Theory and Test.” MIS Quarterly: Management Information Systems 35 (4): 1079–1098. doi:10.2307/41409974.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schnack, A., M. J. Wright, and J. L. Holdershaw. 2020. “An Exploratory Investigation of Shopper Behaviour in an Immersive Virtual Reality Store.” Journal of Consumer Behaviour 19 (2): 182–195. doi:10.1002/cb.1803.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Slater, M. 2018. “Immersion and the Illusion of Presence in Virtual Reality.” British Journal of Psychology 109: 431–433. doi:10.1111/bjop.12305.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Slater, M., and S. Wilbur. 1997. “A Framework for Immersive Virtual Environments (FIVE): Speculations on the Role of Presence in Virtual Environments.” Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 6 (6): 603–616. doi:10.1162/pres.1997.6.6.603.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tomkins, S. S. 1962. “Interest—Excitement.” In Affect, Imagery, Consciousness, Vol. 1: The Positive Affects, edited by S. S. Tomkins, 336–368. New York, NY: Springer Publishing Co.
   Google Scholar
• Vecchiato, G., P. Cherubino, A. Giulio Maglione, W. Kong, S. Hu, D. Wei, A. Colosimo, and F. Babiloni. 2012. “Comparison of Cognitive and Emotional Cerebral Variables in Eastern Subjects Watching TV Advertisements: A Case Study.” International Journal of Bioelectromagnetism 14 (3): 127–132.
   Google Scholar
• Vecchiato, G., J. Toppi, L. Astolfi, F. De Vico Fallani, F. Cincotti, D. Mattia, F. Bez, and F. Babiloni. 2011. “Spectral EEG Frontal Asymmetries Correlate with the Experienced Pleasantness of TV Commercial Advertisements.” Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing 49 (5): 579–583.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Venkatraman, V., A. Dimoka, P. Pavlou, K. Vo, W. Hampton, B. Bollinger, H. Hershfield, M. Ishihara, and R. S. Winer. 2015. “Predicting Advertising Success Beyond Traditional Measures: New Insights from Neurophysiological Methods and Market Response Modeling.” Journal of Marketing Research 52 (4): 436–452.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar