Disturbing aspects of smartphone usage: a qualitative analysis

References

• Aagaard, J. 2020. “Digital Akrasia: A Qualitative Study of Phubbing.” AI & SOCIETY 35 (1): 237–244. doi:10.1007/s00146-019-00876-0.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agarwal, N. K., and W. Lu. 2020. “Response to Non-response: How People React When Their Smartphone Messages and Calls are Ignored.” Proceedings of the Association for Information Science and Technology 57 (1): e260. doi:10.1002/pra2.260.
   Google Scholar
• Aljomaa, S. S., M. F. Al Qudah, I. S. Albursan, S. F. Bakhiet, and A. S. Abduljabbar. 2016. “Smartphone Addiction Among University Students in the Light of Some Variables.” Computers in Human Behavior 61: 155–164. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2016.03.041.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhattacharya, S., M. A. Bashar, A. Srivastava, and A. Singh. 2019. “NOMOPHOBIA: No MObile PHone PhoBIA.” Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care 8 (4): 1297–1300. doi:10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_71_19.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Biedermann, D., J. Schneider, and H. Drachsler. 2021. “Digital Self-Control Interventions for Distracting Media Multitasking—A Systematic Review.” Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 37 (5): 1217–1231. doi:10.1111/jcal.12581.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Billieux, J. 2012. “Problematic Use of the Mobile Phone: A Literature Review and a Pathways Model.” Current Psychiatry Reviews 8 (4): 299–307. doi:10.2174/157340012803520522.
   Google Scholar
• Billieux, J., P. Maurage, O. Lopez-Fernandez, D. J. Kuss, and M. D. Griffiths. 2015. “Can Disordered Mobile Phone Use Be Considered a Behavioral Addiction? An Update on Current Evidence and a Comprehensive Model for Future Research.” Current Addiction Reports 2 (2): 156–162. doi:10.1007/s40429-015-0054-y.
   Google Scholar
• Braun, V., and V. Clarke. 2006. “Using Thematic Analysis in Psychology.” Qualitative Research in Psychology 3 (2): 77–101. doi:10.1191/1478088706qp063oa.
   Google Scholar
• Braun, V., and V. Clarke. 2013. Successful Qualitative Research: A Practical Guide for Beginners. London: SAGE.
   Google Scholar
• Busch, P. A., and S. McCarthy. 2020. “Antecedents and Consequences of Problematic Smartphone use: A Systematic Literature Review of an Emerging Research Area.” Computers in Human Behavior 106414. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2020.106414.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Casale, S., G. Fioravanti, S. Bocci Benucci, A. Falone, V. Ricca, and F. Rotella. 2022. “A Meta-Analysis on the Association Between Self-Esteem and Problematic Smartphone use.” Computers in Human Behavior 134: 107302. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2022.107302.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cho, J. 2015. “Roles of Smartphone App Use in Improving Social Capital and Reducing Social Isolation.” Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking 18 (6): 350–355. doi:10.1089/cyber.2014.0657.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chotpitayasunondh, V., and K. M. Douglas. 2018. “The Effects of “Phubbing” on Social Interaction.” Journal of Applied Social Psychology 48 (6): 304–316. doi:10.1111/jasp.12506.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deci, E. L., and R. M. Ryan. 2012. “Self-determination Theory.” In Handbook of Theories of Social Psychology, Vol. 1, edited by P. A. M. Van Lang, A. W. Kruglanski, and E. T. Higgins, 416–436. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications Ltd. doi:10.4135/9781446249215.n21.
   Google Scholar
• Dwyer, R. J., K. Kushlev, and E. W. Dunn. 2018. “Smartphone Use Undermines Enjoyment of Face-to-Face Social Interactions.” Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 78: 233–239. doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2017.10.007.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elhai, J. D., J. C. Levine, R. D. Dvorak, and B. J. Hall. 2017. “Non-Social Features of Smartphone use are Most Related to Depression, Anxiety and Problematic Smartphone use.” Computers in Human Behavior 69: 75–82. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2016.12.023.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elhai, J. D., J. C. Levine, and B. J. Hall. 2019. “The Relationship Between Anxiety Symptom Severity and Problematic Smartphone use: A Review of the Literature and Conceptual Frameworks.” Journal of Anxiety Disorders 62: 45–52. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2018.11.005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fishbach, A., and W. Hofmann. 2015. “Nudging Self-Control: A Smartphone Intervention of Temptation Anticipation and Goal Resolution Improves Everyday Goal Progress.” Motivation Science 1 (3): 137–150. doi:10.1037/mot0000022.
   Google Scholar
• Fullwood, C., S. Quinn, L. K. Kaye, and C. Redding. 2017. “My Virtual Friend: A Qualitative Analysis of the Attitudes and Experiences of Smartphone Users: Implications for Smartphone Attachment.” Computers in Human Behavior 75: 347–355. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2017.05.029.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harkin, L. J., and D. Kuss. 2021. “My Smartphone is an Extension of Myself”: A Holistic Qualitative Exploration of the Impact of Using a Smartphone. Psychology of Popular Media 10 (1): 28–38. doi:10.1037/ppm0000278.
   Google Scholar
• Harris, B., T. Regan, J. Schueler, and S. A. Fields. 2020. “Problematic Mobile Phone and Smartphone Use Scales: A Systematic Review.” Frontiers in Psychology 11. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00672.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heitmayer, M., and S. Lahlou. 2021. “Why Are Smartphones Disruptive? An Empirical Study of Smartphone use in Real-Life Contexts.” Computers in Human Behavior 116: 106637. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2020.106637.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hiniker, A., S. (Ray) Hong, T. Kohno, and J. A. Kientz. 2016. “MyTime: Designing and Evaluating an Intervention for Smartphone Non-Use.” Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 4746–4757. doi:10.1145/2858036.2858403.
   Google Scholar
• Horvath, J., C. Mundinger, M. M. Schmitgen, N. D. Wolf, F. Sambataro, D. Hirjak, K. M. Kubera, J. Koenig, and R. Christian Wolf. 2020. “Structural and Functional Correlates of Smartphone Addiction.” Addictive Behaviors 105: 106334. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106334.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horwood, S., and J. Anglim. 2019. “Problematic Smartphone Usage and Subjective and Psychological Well-Being.” Computers in Human Behavior 97: 44–50. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2019.02.028.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hussain, Z., M. D. Griffiths, and D. Sheffield. 2017. “An Investigation Into Problematic Smartphone use: The Role of Narcissism, Anxiety, and Personality Factors.” Journal of Behavioral Addictions 6 (3): 378–386. doi:10.1556/2006.6.2017.052.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huxley, C. J., V. Clarke, and E. Halliwell. 2011. “It’s a Comparison Thing, Isn’t It?””: Lesbian and Bisexual Women’s Accounts of How Partner Relationships Shape Their Feelings About Their Body and Appearance.” Psychology of Women Quarterly 35 (3): 415–427. doi:10.1177/0361684311410209.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kanner, A. D., J. C. Coyne, C. Schaefer, and R. S. Lazarus. 1981. “Comparison of Two Modes of Stress Measurement: Daily Hassles and Uplifts Versus Major Life Events.” Journal of Behavioral Medicine 4 (1): 1–39. doi:10.1007/BF00844845.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kelly, L., and A. E. Miller-Ott. 2018. “Perceived Miscommunication in Friends’ and Romantic Partners’ Texted Conversations.” Southern Communication Journal 83 (4): 267–280. doi:10.1080/1041794X.2018.1488271.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, J., C. Cho, and U. Lee. 2017. “Technology Supported Behavior Restriction for Mitigating Self-Interruptions in Multi-Device Environments.” Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 1 (3): 1–21. doi:10.1145/3130932.
   Google Scholar
• Kim, J., H. Jung, M. Ko, and U. Lee. 2019a. “GoalKeeper: Exploring Interaction Lockout Mechanisms for Regulating Smartphone Use.” Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 3 (1): 1–29. doi:10.1145/3314403.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kim, J., J. Park, H. Lee, M. Ko, and U. Lee. 2019b. “LocknType: Lockout Task Intervention for Discouraging Smartphone App Use.” Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - CHI ‘19, 1–12. doi:10.1145/3290605.3300927.
   Google Scholar
• Ko, M., S. Choi, K. Yatani, and U. Lee. 2016. “Lock n’ LoL: Group-based Limiting Assistance App to Mitigate Smartphone Distractions in Group Activities.” Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - CHI ‘16, 998–1010. doi:10.1145/2858036.2858568.
   Google Scholar
• Ko, M., K.-M. Chung, S. Yang, J. Lee, C. Heizmann, J. Jeong, U. Lee, D. Shin, K. Yatani, and J. Song. 2015. “NUGU: A Group-based Intervention App for Improving Self-Regulation of Limiting Smartphone Use.” Proceedings of the 18th ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work & Social Computing - CSCW ‘15, 1235–1245. doi:10.1145/2675133.2675244.
   Google Scholar
• Kushlev, K., R. Dwyer, and E. W. Dunn. 2019a. “The Social Price of Constant Connectivity: Smartphones Impose Subtle Costs on Well-Being.” Current Directions in Psychological Science 28 (4): 347–352. doi:10.1177/0963721419847200.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kushlev, K., J. F. Hunter, J. Proulx, S. D. Pressman, and E. Dunn. 2019b. “Smartphones Reduce Smiles Between Strangers.” Computers in Human Behavior 91: 12–16. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2018.09.023.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kushlev, K., and M. R. Leitao. 2020. “The Effects of Smartphones on Well-Being: Theoretical Integration and Research Agenda.” Current Opinion in Psychology 36: 77–82. doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2020.05.001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Landis, J. R., and G. G. Koch. 1977. “An Application of Hierarchical Kappa-Type Statistics in the Assessment of Majority Agreement among Multiple Observers.” Biometrics 33 (2): 363–374.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Long, J., R. Cheung, S. Duong, R. Paynter, and L. Asper. 2017. “Viewing Distance and Eyestrain Symptoms with Prolonged Viewing of Smartphones.” Clinical and Experimental Optometry 100 (2): 133–137. doi:10.1111/cxo.12453.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lukoff, K., C. Yu, J. Kientz, and A. Hiniker. 2018. “What Makes Smartphone Use Meaningful or Meaningless?” Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 2 (1): 1–26. doi:10.1145/3191754.
   Google Scholar
• Lyngs, U. 2018. A Cognitive Design Space for Supporting Self-Regulation of ICT Use. Extended Abstracts of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - CHI ‘18, 1–6. doi:10.1145/3170427.3180296.
   Google Scholar
• Lyngs, U., K. Lukoff, P. Slovak, R. Binns, A. Slack, M. Inzlicht, M. Van Kleek, and N. Shadbolt. 2019. Self-Control in Cyberspace: Applying Dual Systems Theory to a Review of Digital Self-Control Tools. ArXiv:1902.00157 [Cs]. doi:10.1145/3290605.3300361.
   Google Scholar
• Milne-Ives, M., C. Lam, C. D. Cock, M. H. V. Velthoven, and E. Meinert. 2020. “Mobile Apps for Health Behavior Change in Physical Activity, Diet, Drug and Alcohol Use, and Mental Health: Systematic Review.” JMIR MHealth and UHealth 8 (3): e17046. doi:10.2196/17046.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitchell, L., and Z. Hussain. 2018. “Predictors of Problematic Smartphone Use: An Examination of the Integrative Pathways Model and the Role of Age, Gender, Impulsiveness, Excessive Reassurance Seeking, Extraversion, and Depression.” Behavioral Sciences 8 (8): 74. doi:10.3390/bs8080074.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mustafaoglu, R., Z. Yasaci, E. Zirek, M. D. Griffiths, and A. R. Ozdincler. 2021. “The Relationship Between Smartphone Addiction and Musculoskeletal Pain Prevalence among Young Population: A Cross-Sectional Study.” The Korean Journal of Pain 34 (1): 72–81. doi:10.3344/kjp.2021.34.1.72.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nowell, L. S., J. M. Norris, D. E. White, and N. J. Moules. 2017. “Thematic Analysis: Striving to Meet the Trustworthiness Criteria.” International Journal of Qualitative Methods 16 (1): 1609406917733847. doi:10.1177/1609406917733847.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ochs, C., and J. Sauer. 2021. “Curtailing Smartphone Use: A Field Experiment Evaluating Two Interventions.” Behaviour & Information Technology, 1–19. doi:10.1080/0144929X.2021.2007284.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ochs, C., and A. Sonderegger. 2021. “What Students Do While You Are Teaching – Computer and Smartphone Use in Class and Its Implication on Learning.” In Human-Computer Interaction – INTERACT 2021, edited by C. Ardito, R. Lanzilotti, A. Malizia, H. Petrie, A. Piccinno, G. Desolda, and K. Inkpen, 501–520. Cham: Springer International Publishing. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-85616-8_29.
   Google Scholar
• Okeke, F., M. Sobolev, N. Dell, and D. Estrin. 2018. “Good Vibrations: Designing and Evaluating a Ubiquitous Intervention for Reducing Digital Consumption.” 1 (1): 18. doi:10.1145/3229434.3229463.
   Google Scholar
• Panova, T., and X. Carbonell. 2018. “Is Smartphone Addiction Really an Addiction?” Journal of Behavioral Addictions 7 (2): 252–259. doi:10.1556/2006.7.2018.49.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perlman, D., A. Samost, A. G. Domel, B. Mehler, J. Dobres, and B. Reimer. 2019. “The Relative Impact of Smartwatch and Smartphone Use While Driving on Workload, Attention, and Driving Performance.” Applied Ergonomics 75: 8–16. doi:10.1016/j.apergo.2018.09.001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phua, J., S. V. Jin, and J. (Jay) Kim. 2017. “Uses and Gratifications of Social Networking Sites for Bridging and Bonding Social Capital: A Comparison of Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and Snapchat.” Computers in Human Behavior 72: 115–122. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2017.02.041.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Riccobono, M. G., D. Giunchi, and E. Palagi. 2021. “Navigating from Live to Virtual Social Interactions: Looking at but not Manipulating Smartphones Provokes a Spontaneous Mimicry Response in the Observers.” Journal of Ethology, doi:10.1007/s10164-021-00701-6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ropaka, M., D. Nikolaou, and G. Yannis. 2020. “Investigation of Traffic and Safety Behavior of Pedestrians While Texting or web-Surfing.” Traffic Injury Prevention 21 (6): 389–394. doi:10.1080/15389588.2020.1770741.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rotondi, V., L. Stanca, and M. Tomasuolo. 2017. “Connecting Alone: Smartphone use, Quality of Social Interactions and Well-Being.” Journal of Economic Psychology 63: 17–26. doi:10.1016/j.joep.2017.09.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryan, R. M., and E. L. Deci. 2017. Self-Determination Theory: Basic Psychological Needs in Motivation, Development, and Wellness. New York: Guilford Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Stevic, A., D. Schmuck, J. Matthes, and K. Karsay. 2019. “Age Matters’: A Panel Study Investigating the Influence of Communicative and Passive Smartphone Use on Well-Being.” Behaviour & Information Technology, 1–15. doi:10.1080/0144929X.2019.1680732.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suddaby, R. 2006. “From the Editors: What Grounded Theory is Not.” Academy of Management Journal 49 (4): 633–642. doi:10.5465/amj.2006.22083020.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tran, J. A., K. S. Yang, K. Davis, and A. Hiniker. 2019. “Modeling the Engagement-Disengagement Cycle of Compulsive Phone Use.” Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - CHI ‘19, 1–14. doi:10.1145/3290605.3300542.
   Google Scholar
• Valkenburg, P. M., and J. Peter. 2007. “Online Communication and Adolescent Well-Being: Testing the Stimulation Versus the Displacement Hypothesis.” Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 12 (4): 1169–1182. doi:10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00368.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vanden Abeele, M., M. L. Antheunis, and A. P. Schouten. 2016. “The Effect of Mobile Messaging During a Conversation on Impression Formation and Interaction Quality.” Computers in Human Behavior 62: 562–569. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2016.04.005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vanden Abeele, M., A. T. Hendrickson, M. M. H. Pollmann, and R. Ling. 2019. “Phubbing Behavior in Conversations and its Relation to Perceived Conversation Intimacy and Distraction: An Exploratory Observation Study.” Computers in Human Behavior 100: 35–47. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2019.06.004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vanden Abeele, M., and M. Postma-Nilsenova. 2018. “More Than Just Gaze: An Experimental Vignette Study Examining How Phone-Gazing and Newspaper-Gazing and Phubbing-While-Speaking and Phubbing-While-Listening Compare in Their Effect on Affiliation.” Communication Research Reports 35 (4): 303–313. doi:10.1080/08824096.2018.1492911.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vansteenkiste, M., R. M. Ryan, and B. Soenens. 2020. “Basic Psychological Need Theory: Advancements, Critical Themes, and Future Directions.” Motivation and Emotion 44 (1): 1–31. doi:10.1007/s11031-019-09818-1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilmer, H. H., L. E. Sherman, and J. M. Chein. 2017. “Smartphones and Cognition: A Review of Research Exploring the Links Between Mobile Technology Habits and Cognitive Functioning.” Frontiers in Psychology 8. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00605.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xie, Y., G. Szeto, and J. Dai. 2017. “Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated with Musculoskeletal Complaints among Users of Mobile Handheld Devices: A Systematic Review.” Applied Ergonomics 59: 132–142. doi:10.1016/j.apergo.2016.08.020.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar