REFERENCES
- Machado , A. L. C. 1999 . Study of the Influence of Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate (EVA) Copolymers on the Petroleum Flow Properties and Paraffin Deposition Inhibition , Ph.D. thesis Brazil : Federal University of Rio de Janeiro—UFRJ . [in Portuguese]
- Bott , T. R. 1997 . Aspects of Crystallization Fouling . Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science , vol. 14 : 356 – 360 .
- Towler , B. F. and Rebbapragada , S. 2004 . Mitigation of Paraffin Wax Deposition in Cretaceous Crude Oils of Wyoming . Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering , vol. 45 : 11 – 19 .
- McClaflin , G. G. and Whitfill , D. L. 1984 . Control of Paraffin Deposition in Production Operations . Journal of Petroleum Engineering , November : 1965 – 1972 .
- Misra , S. , Baruah , S. and Singh , K. 1995 . Prediction of Paraffin Problems in Crude Oil Production and Transportation—A Review . SPE Production & Facilities , vol. 10 : 50 – 54 .
- Butler , R. M. and MacLeod , D. M. 1961 . Solid-Liquid Equilibria in Wax Crystallization . Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering , vol. 39 : 53 – 63 .
- Hansen , J. H. , Fredeslung , A. , Pedersen , K. S. and Ronningsen , H. P. 1988 . A Thermodynamic Model for Predicting Wax Formation in Crude Oils . AIChE Journal , vol. 34 ( no. 12 ) : 1937 – 1942 .
- Won , K. W. 1989 . Thermodynamic Calculation of Cloud Point Temperatures and Wax Phase Compositions of Refined Hydrocarbon Mixtures . Fluid Phase Equilibria , vol. 53 : 377 – 396 .
- Pedersen , K. S. , Skovborg , P. and Ronningsen , H. P. 1991 . Wax Precipitation from North Sea Crude Oils, 4: Thermodynamic Modeling . Energy & Fuels , vol. 5 : 924 – 932 .
- Erickson , D. D. , Niesen , V. G. and Brown , T. S. Thermodynamic Measurement and Prediction of Paraffin Precipitation in Crude Oil . 66th Annual Conference of the Society of Petroleum Engineers . pp. 601 – 607 . paper SPE 26604
- Pan , H. , Firoozabadi , A. and Fotland , P. 1997 . Pressure and Composition Effect on Wax Precipitation: Experimental Data and Model Results . SPE Production & Facilities , vol. 12 : 579 – 592 .
- Pauly , J. , Daridon , J. L. , Coutinho , J. A. P. and Montel , F. 2001 . Solid-Liquid-Vapor Phase Boundary of a North Sea Waxy Crude: Measurement and Modeling . Energy and Fuels , vol. 15 : 730 – 735 .
- Ji , H. , Tohidi , B. , Danesh , A. and Todd , A. C. 2004 . Wax Phase Equilibria: Developing a Thermodynamic Model Using a Systematic Approach . Fluid Phase Equilibria , vol. 216 : 201 – 217 .
- Coutinho , J. A. P. 2005 . et al., Paraffin Crystallization in Synthetic Mixtures: Predictive Local Composition Models Revisited . Fluid Phase Equilibria , vol. 233 : 28 – 33 .
- Azevedo , L. F. A. and Teixeira , A. M. 2003 . A Critical Review of the Modeling of Wax Deposition Mechanisms . Petroleum Science and Technology , vol. 21 ( nos. 3–4 ) : 393 – 408 .
- Burger , E. D. , Perkins , T. K. and Striegler , J. H. 1981 . Studies of Wax Deposition in the Trans Alaska Pipeline . Journal of Petroleum Technology , June : 1075 – 1086 .
- Weingarten , J. S. and Euchner , J. A. Methods for Predicting Wax Precipitation and Deposition . 61st Annual Conference of the Society of Petroleum Engineers . October 5–8 , New Orleans, LA. paper SPE 15654
- Majeed , A. , Bringedal , B. and Overa , S. 1990 . Model Calculates Wax Deposition for N. Sea Oils . Oil and Gas Journal , vol. 18 : 63 – 69 .
- Souza Mendes , P. R. and Braga , S. L. 1996 . Obstruction of Pipelines during the Flow of Crude Oils . Journal of Fluids Engineering , vol. 118 : 722 – 728 .
- Creek , J. L. , Lund , H. J. , Brill , J. P. and Volk , M. 1999 . Wax Deposition in Single Phase Flow . Fluid Phase Equilibria , vol. 158–160 : 801 – 811 .
- Brown , T. S. , Niesen , V. G. and Erickson , D. D. Measurement and Prediction of the Kinetics of Paraffin Deposition . 68th Annual Conference of the Society of Petroleum Engineers . October 3–6 , Houston, Texas. paper SPE 26548
- Hunt , E. B. Jr. 1962 . Laboratory Study of Paraffin Deposition . Journal of Petroleum Technology , November : 1259 – 1269 . paper SPE 279
- Ribeiro , F. S. , Souza Mendes , P. R. and Braga , S. L. 1997 . Obstruction of Pipelines Due to Paraffin Deposition during the Flow of Crude Oils . Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer , vol. 40 : 4319 – 4328 .
- Hsu , J. J. C. , Lian , S. J. , Liu , M. , Bi , H. X. and Guo , C. Z. Validation of Wax Deposition Model by a Field Test . International Conference of the Society of Petroleum Engineers . November 2–6 , Beijing, China. paper SPE 48867
- Singh , P. , Fogler , H. S. and Nagarajan , N. 1999 . Prediction of the Wax Content of the Incipient Wax-Oil Gel in a Pipeline: An Application of the Controlled-Stress Rheometer . Journal of Rheology , vol. 43 : 1437 – 1459 .
- Weispfennig , K. 2001 . Advancements in Paraffin Testing Methodology . International Symposium on Oilfield Chemistry of the Society of Petroleum Engineers . February 13–16 2001 , Houston, Texas. paper SPE 64997
- Fasano , A. , Fusi , L. and Correra , S. 2004 . Mathematical Models for Waxy Crude Oils . Meccanica , vol. 39 : 441 – 482 .
- Leiroz , A. T. 2004 . Study of Wax Deposition in Petroleum Pipelines , Ph.D. thesis Brazil : Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro—PUC-Rio . [in Portuguese]
- Hampton , R. E. , Mammoli , A. A. , Graham , A. L. , Tetlow , N. and Altobelli , S. A. 1997 . Migration of Particles Undergoing Pressure-Driven Flow in a Circular Conduit . Journal of Rheology , vol. 41 : 621 – 640 .
- Tetlow , N. , Graham , A. L. , Ingber , M. S. , Subia , S. R. , Mondy , L. A. and Altobelli , S. A. 1998 . Particle Migration in a Couette Apparatus: Experiment and Modeling . Journal of Rheology , vol. 42 : 307 – 327 .
- Segré , G. and Silberberg , A. 1962 . Behavior of Macroscopic Rigid Spheres in Poiseuille Flow, Part 1: Determination of Local Concentration by Statistical Analysis of Particle Passages through Crossed Light Beams . Journal of Fluid Mechanics , vol. 14 : 115 – 136 .
- Bidmus , H. O. and Mehrotra , A. K. 2004 . Heat-Transfer Analogy for Wax Deposition from Paraffinic Mixtures . Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. , vol. 43 : 791 – 803 .
- Kok , M. V. and Saracoglu , O. 2000 . Mathematical Modeling of Wax Deposition in Crude Oil Pipeline Systems . SPE Asia Pacific Oil and Gas Conference . October 16–18 2000 , Brisnae, Australia. paper SPE 64514
- Pletcher , R. H. , Anderson , D. A. and Tannehill , J. C. 1984 . Computational Fluid Mechanics and Heat Transfer , New York : McGraw-Hill .