789
Views
8
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
ARTICLES

Strengthening Canadian Law Enforcement and Academic Partnerships in the Area of Online Child Sexual Exploitation: The Identification of Shared Research Directions

, &

REFERENCES

  • Abdollahi, K. (2002). Understanding police stress research. Journal of Forensic Psychology Practice, 2(2), 1–24.
  • Anshel, M. (2000). A conceptual model and implications for coping with stressful events in police work. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 27(3), 375–400.
  • AVG Technologies. (2014). AVG Digital Diaries 2014. Retrieved from http://www.avg.com/digitaldiaries/homepage
  • Babchishin, K.M., Hanson, R.K., & Hermann, C.A. (2011). The characteristics of online sex offenders: A meta-analysis. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 23(1), 92–123.
  • Blanchard, R., Kolla, N.J., Cantor, J.M., Klassen, P.E., Dickey, R., Kuban, M.E., & Blak, T. (2007). IQ, handedness, and pedophilia in adult male patients stratified by referral source. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 19(3), 285–309.
  • Bokelberg, G.A. (n.d.). Stress associated with investigating and working in support of investigations of internet sexual crimes against children. (Unpublished manuscript). Washington, DC: Federal Bureau of Investigation.
  • Bouhours, B., & Broadhurst, R. (2011). Virtual global taskforce P2P online offender sample, July 2010–June 2011. Canberra: Australian National University.
  • Bourke, M.L., & Craun, S.W. (2013). Secondary traumatic stress among internet crimes against children task force personnel: Impact, risk factors, and coping strategies. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment. Retrieved from http://sax.sagepub.com/content/early/2013/11/20/1079063213509411.full.pdf+html
  • Bourke, M.L., & Hernandez, A.E. (2009). The “Butner Study redux”: A report of the incidence of hands-on child victimization by child pornography offenders. Journal of Family Violence, 24, 183–191.
  • Bulmer, W. (2010). Exploring psychological boundaries: A contextual look into vicarious trauma and the child pornography investigator. (Unpublished report). Toronto, Canada: Toronto Police Service.
  • Burns, C.M. (2007). What helps and hinders coping with integrated child exploitation work: a critical incident study. Master's Thesis. British Columbia: Trinity Western University.
  • Burns, C.M., Morley, J., Bradshaw, R., & Domene, J. (2008). The emotional impact on and coping strategies employed by police teams investigating internet child exploitation. Traumatology, 14, 20–31.
  • Buschman, J., Wilcox, D., Krapohl, D., Oelrich, M., & Hackett, S. (2010). Cybersex offender risk assessment: An explorative study. Journal of Sexual Aggression: An international, interdisciplinary forum for research theory and practice, 16, 197–209.
  • Calder, M.C. (2004). “The internet: Potential, problems and pathways to hands-on sexual offending,” In MartinC. Calder (Ed.), Child sexual abuse and the Internet: Tackling the new frontier, 1–23.
  • Calhoun, L.G., & Tedeschi, R.G. (1990). Positive aspects of critical life problems: Recollections of grief. Omega, 20(4), 265–272.
  • Chouliara, Z., Hutchison, C., & Karatzias, T. (2009). Vicarious traumatization in practitioners who work with adult survivors of sexual violence and child sexual abuse: Literature review and directions for future research. Counseling and Psychotherapy Research, 9(1), 47–56.
  • Cohen-Amalgor, R. (2013). Online child sex offenders: Challenges and counter-measures. The Howard Journal of Criminal Justice, 52(2), 190–215.
  • Edelmann, R.J. (2010). Exposure to child abuse images as part of one's work: Possible psychological implications. Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 21(4), 481–489.
  • Eke, A.W., Seto, M.C., & Williams, J. (2011). Examining the criminal history and future offending of child pornography offenders: An extended prospective follow-up study. Law and Human Behavior, 35(6), 466–478.
  • Elliott, I.A., Beech, A.R., Mandeville-Norden, R., & Hayes, E. (2009). Psychological profiles of internet sexual offenders: Comparisons with contact sexual offenders. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 21(1), 76–92.
  • Freudenberger, H.J. (1975). The staff burn-out syndrome in alternative institutions. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 12(1), 73–82.
  • Ghahramanlou, M., & Brodbeck, C. (2000). Predictors for secondary trauma in sexual assault trauma counselor. International Journal of Emergency Mental Health, 2(4), 229–240.
  • Gottschalk, P. (2011). A dark side of computing and information sciences: Characteristics of online groomers. Journal of Emerging Trends in Computing and Information Sciences, 2(9), 447–455.
  • Hanson, R.K., & Bussiere, M.T. (1998). Predicting relapse: A meta-analysis of sexual offender recidivism studies. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 66(2), 348–362.
  • Holt, T.J., & Blevins, K.R. (2011). Examining job stress and satisfaction among digital forensic examiners. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 27(2), 230–250.
  • Holt, T.J., Blevins, K.R., & Burruss, G.W. (2012). Examining the stress, satisfaction and experiences of computer crime examiners. Journal of Crime and Justice, 35(1), 35–32.
  • Ipsos Reid. (2009). Wunderkinds: Ipsos Reid survey finds 75 percent of Canadian children in young families are Internet savvy before age seven. Report on Canadians and Technology survey [Media release]. . Telus.com. . Retrieved from http://about.telus.com/community/english/news_centre/news_releases/blog/2009/09/22/wunderkinds-ipsos-reid-survey-finds-75-per-cent-of-canadian-children-in-young-families-are-internet-savvy-before-age-seven
  • Ipsos Reid. (2012). The Ipsos Canadian Inter@ctive Reid Report 2012 fact guide: The definitive resource on Canadians and the Internet. Retrieved from http://www.ipsos.ca/common/dl/pdf/Ipsos_InteractiveReidReport_FactGuide_2012.pdf
  • Jung, S., Ennis, L., Stein, S., Choy, A.L., & Hook, T. (2012). Child pornography possessors: Comparisons and contrasts with contact and non-contact sex offenders. Journal of Sexual Aggression: An International, Interdisciplinary Forum for Research, Theory and Practices, 19(3), 1–16.
  • Kloess, J.A., Beech, A.R., & Harkins, L. (2014). Online child sexual exploitation: Prevalence, process, and offender characteristics. Trauma Violence & Abuse, 15(2), 126–139.
  • Kohan, A., & O’Connor, B.P. (2002). Police officer job satisfaction in relation to mood, well-being, and alcohol consumption. The Journal of Psychology, 136(3), 307–318.
  • Kong, R., Johnson, H., Beattie, S., & Cardillo, A. (2003). Sexual offences in Canada. Juristat, 23(6). Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 85-002-XIE, Ottawa, Canada.
  • Kop, N., Euwema, M., & Schaufeli, W. (1999). Burnout, job stress and violent behavior among Dutch police officers. Work & Stress, 13(4), 326–340.
  • Krause, M. (2009a). Identifying and managing stress in child pornography and child exploitation investigators. Journal of Police Criminal Psychology, 24, 22–29.
  • Krause, M. (2009b). In harm's way, duty of care for child exploitation and pornography investigators. FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin, 78(1), 20–29.
  • Long, M.L., Alison, L.A., & McManus, M.A. (2012). Child pornography and likelihood of contact abuse: A comparison between contact child sexual offenders and noncontact offenders. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 25(4), 370–395.
  • Loughlin, J., & Taylor-Butts, A. (2009, March). Child luring through the Internet. Juristat, . Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 85-002-X, Ottawa, Canada.
  • Marie-Vincent Foundation. (2011). Survey of Quebec parents on Internet use by children 3–12. Retrieved from http://marie-vincent.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/Survey-December-13.pdf
  • Martin, J. (2014). Child sexual abuse images online: Implications for social work training and practice. British Journal of Social Work. Advance online publication. doi:10.1093/bjsw/bcu116
  • McCarthy, J.A. (2010). Internet sexual activity: A comparison between contact and non-contact child pornography offenders. Journal of Sexual Aggression, 16(2), 181–195.
  • MacEachern, A.D., Jindal, S., & Jackson, S. (2011). Child abuse investigation: police officers and secondary traumatic stress. International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 17(4), 329–339.
  • Merdian, H.L., Curtis, C., Thakker, J., Wilson, N., & Boer, D.P. (2013). The three dimensions of online child pornography offending. Journal of Sexual Aggression, 19(1), 121–132.
  • Nutter, D.E., & Kearn, M.E. (1993). Patterns of exposure to sexually explicit material among sex offenders, child molesters, and controls. Journal of Sex and Marital Therapy, 19, 77–85.
  • Parsons, J.R. L. (2004). Occupational health and safety issues of police officers in Canada, the United States, and Europe: A review essay. Honors dissertation. Newfoundland: Memorial University of Newfoundland.
  • Pendleton, M., Stotland, E., Spiers, P., & Kirsch, E. (1989). Stress and strain among police, firefighters, and government workers: A comparative analysis. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 16(2), 196–210.
  • Perez, L.M., Jones, J., Englert, D.R., & Sachau, D. (2010). Secondary traumatic stress and burnout among law enforcement investigators exposed to disturbing media images. Journal of Police Criminal Psychology, 25(2), 113–124.
  • Powell, M., Cassematis, P., Benson, M., Smallbone, S., & Wortley, R. (2014a). Police officers’ perceptions of the challenges involved in Internet child exploitation investigation. Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management, 37(3), 543–557.
  • Powell, M., Cassematis, P., Benson, M., Smallbone, S., & Wortley, R. (2014b). Police officers’ strategies for coping with the stress of investigating Internet child exploitation. Traumatology: An International Journal, 20(1), 32–42.
  • Powell, M., Cassematis, P., Benson, M., Smallbone, S., & Wortley, R. (2015). Police officers’ perceptions of their reaction to viewing internet child exploitation material. Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology, 30(2), 103–111.
  • Quayle, E., Allegro, S., Hutton, L., Sheath, M., & Lööf, L. (2014). Rapid skill acquisition and online sexual grooming of children. Computers in Human Behavior, 39, 368–375.
  • Reiser, M., & Geiger, S.P. (1984). Police officer as victim. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 15(3), 315–323.
  • Salston, M., & Figley, C.R. (2003). Secondary traumatic stress effects of working with survivors of criminal victimization. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 16(2), 167–174.
  • Saunders, A. (2003). Front line trauma: Firefighters’, paramedics’ and police officers’ experience of trauma. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
  • Schaufeli, W.B., & Enzmann, D. (1998). The burnout companion to study and practice: A critical analysis. Philadelphia, PA: Taylor & Francis.
  • Sciadas, G. (2002). The digital divide in Canada [Research paper. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 56F0009XIE]. Ottawa, Canada: Science, Innovation and Electronic Information Division, Statistics Canada.
  • Serapiglia, M., & Sinclair, R. (2007). Threat to children posed by offenders who possess child sexual abuse images. [Research paper]. Ottawa, Canada: The National Child Exploitation Coordination Centre, Royal Canadian Mounted Police.
  • Seto, M.C., & Eke, A.W. (2005). The criminal histories and later offending of child pornography offenders. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 17(2), 201–210.
  • Seto, M.Eke, A. W., & (2015). Predicting recidivism among adult male child pornography offenders: development of the Child Pornography Offender Risk Tool (CPORT). Law and Human Behaviour, 39(4), 416–429.
  • Shelby, R.A., Stoddart, R.M., & Taylor, K.L. (2001). Factors contributing to levels of burnout among sex offender treatment providers. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 16(11), 1205–1217.
  • Sherriff, L. (2004, December 21). Child porn suspect suicide tally hits 32. The Register. . Retrieved from http://www.theregister.co.uk/2004/12/21/child_porn_suicide_shame/
  • Sinclair, R., & Sugar, D. (2005). Internet based sexual exploitation of children and youth environmental scan. Ottawa, Canada: Royal Canadian Mounted Police.
  • Sinclair, R., Serapiglia, M., Wittreich, A., Murphy, L., & Goyette, R. (2010). IT-enabled sexual exploitation of children and youth environmental scan. Ottawa, Canada: Royal Canadian Mounted Police.
  • Steeves, V. (2014). Young Canadians in a wired world, Phase III: Life online. Ottawa, Canada: MediaSmarts.
  • Taylor, A., & Bennell, C. (2006). Operational and organizational police stress in an Ontario police department: A descriptive study. Canadian Journal of Police and Security Services, 4, 223–234.
  • te Brake, H., Gouweloos, J., & Lesger, D. (2014). Fact sheet: Development of a self-screening instrument for Dutch vice- and child sexual exploitation investigators. Diemen, The Netherlands: Impact.
  • Tehrani, N. (Ed.): 2011. Managing trauma in the workplace. Supporting workers and organisations. New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Toch, H. (2002). Stress in policing. Washington, CD: American Psychological Association.
  • Updegraff, J.A., & Taylor, S.E. (2000). From vulnerability to growth: Positive and negative effects of stressful life events. In J. Harvey & E. Miller (Eds.), Loss and trauma: General and close relationship perspectives (pp. 3–28). Philadelphia, PA: Brunner-Routledge.
  • Webb, L., Craissati, J., & Keen, S. (2007). Characteristics of internet child pornography offenders: A comparison with child molesters. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 19(4), 449–465.
  • Weesepoel, D., & Brussel, K. (2013). Psychological resilience and working in a child exploitation team. Driebergen, The Netherlands: Dutch National Police NPKK.
  • Whelpton, J. (2012). The psychological effects experiences by computer forensic examiners working with child pornography (Unpublished master's thesis). University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa.
  • Wiese, L., Rothmann, S., & Storm, K. (2003). Coping, stress and burnout in the South African police service in Kwazulu-Natal. Journal of Industrial Psychology, 29(4), 71–80.
  • Williams, R., Elliott, I., & Beech, A. (2013). Identifying sexual grooming themes used by Internet sex offenders. Deviant Behavior, 34(2), 135–152.
  • Wolak, J., Finkelhor, D., & Mitchell, K. (2005). Child pornography possessors and the Internet: A national study. Arlington, VA: National Center for Missing and Exploited Children.
  • Wolak, J., Finkelhor, D., & Mitchell, K. (2011). Child pornography possessors: Trends in offender and case Characteristics. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 23(1), 22–42.
  • Wolak, J., & Mitchell, K.J. (2009). Work exposure to child pornography in ICAC Task Forces and Affiliates. [CCRC Summary Report]. Durham: University of New Hampshire, Crimes against Children Research Center. . Retrieved from http://www.unh.edu/ccrc/pdf/Law%20Enforcement%20Work%20Exposure%20to%20CP.pdf
  • Woody, H. (2005). The police culture: Research implications for psychological services. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 36(5), 525–529.
  • Wortley, R., & Smallbone, S. (2012). Internet child pornography: Causes, investigation, and prevention. Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.