A Comparative Case Study of the Implementation of a Digital App-Based Platform Aimed at Reducing Sexual Risk in Adolescents and Young Adults

References

• Bleakley, A., Hennessy, M., Fishbein, M., Coles, H. C. Jr., & Jordan, A. (2009). How sources of sexual information relate to adolescents’ beliefs about sex. American Journal of Health Behavior, 33(1), 37.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brayboy, L. M., Sepolen, A., Mezoian, T., Schultz, L., Landgren-Mills, B. S., Spencer, N., Wheeler, C., & Clark, M. A. (2017). Girl talk: A smartphone application to teach sexual health education to adolescent girls. Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, 30(1), 23–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpag.2016.06.011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown, L. K., Danovsky, M. B., Lourie, K. J., DiClemente, R. J., & Ponton, L. E. (1997). Adolescents with psychiatric disorders and the risk of HIV. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 36(11), 1609–1617. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0890-8567(09)66573-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burgess, J. D., Cameron, C. M., Watt, K., & Kimble, R. M. (2016). Cool runnings – An app-based intervention for reducing hot drink scalds: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials, 17(1), 388. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-016-1521-z
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cederbaum, J. A., Rodriguez, A. J., Sullivan, K., & Gray, K. (2017). Attitudes, norms, and the effect of social connectedness on adolescent sexual risk intention. Journal of School Health, 87(8), 575–583. https://doi.org/10.1111/josh.12532
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2014). Sexually transmitted disease surveillance 2013. National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Division of Sexually Transmitted Disease Prevention.
   Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2013). Incidence, prevalence, and cost of sexually transmitted infections in the United States. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR).
   Google Scholar
• Cohen, D. J., Crabtree, B. F., Etz, R. S., Balasubramanian, B. A., Donahue, K. E., Leviton, L. C., Clark, E. C., Isaacson, N. F., Stange, K. C., & Green, L. W. (2008). Fidelity versus flexibility: Translating evidence-based research into practice. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 35(5), S381–S389. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2008.08.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cunningham, K., Martinez, D. A., Scott-Sheldon, L. A. J., Carey, K. B., & Carey, M. P. (2017). Alcohol use and sexual risk behaviors among adolescents with psychiatric disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Child & Adolescent Substance Abuse, 26(5), 353–366. https://doi.org/10.1080/1067828X.2017.1305934
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dancy, B. L., Crittenden, K. S., & Talashek, M. L. (2006). Mother’s effectiveness as HIV risk reduction educators for adolescent daughters. Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved, 17(1), 218–239. https://doi.org/10.1353/hpu.2006.0012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Decker, M. J., Atyam, T. V., Zárate, C. G., Bayer, A. M., Bautista, C., & Saphir, M. (2021). Adolescent’s perceived barriers to accessing sexual and reproductive health services in California: A cross-sectional survey. BMC Health Services Research, 21(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-021-07278-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DiClemente, R. J., & Ponton, L. E. (1993). HIV-related risk behaviors among psychiatrically hospitalized adolescents and school-based adolescents. American Journal of Psychiatry, 150(2), 324–325.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donenberg, G., Emerson, E., Mackesy-Amiti, M. E., & Fletcher, F. (2018). Sexual risk among African American girls seeking psychiatric care: A social-personal framework. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 86(1), 24–38. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000270
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donenberg, G. R., & Pao, M. (2005). Youth and HIV/AIDS: Psychiatry’s role in a changing epidemic. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 44(8), 728–747. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.chi.0000166381.68392.02
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Downs, J. S., Bruine de Bruin, W., Fischhoff, B., & Murray, P. J. (2015). Behavioral decision research intervention reduces risky sexual behavior accepted for publication in current HIV research. Current HIV Research, 13(5), 439–446. https://doi.org/10.2174/1570162x13666150511145328
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Erickson, F. (1986). Qualitative methods in research on teaching. In M. C. Wittrock (Ed.), Handbook of research on teaching (pp. 119–161). Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Fishbein, M., & Azjen, I. (1975). Belief, attitude, intention, and behavior: An introduction to theory and research. Addison-Wesley.
   Google Scholar
• Flyvbjerg, B. (2011). Case study. In Norman K. Denzin & Yvonna S. Lincoln (Eds.), The Sage handbook of qualitative research (pp. 301–316). Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Gannon, B., Davis, R., Kuhns, L. M., Rodriguez, R. G., Garofalo, R., & Schnall, R. (2020). A mobile sexual health app on empowerment, education, and prevention for young adult men (MyPEEPS Mobile): Acceptability and usability evaluation. JMIR Formative Research, 4(4), e17901. https://doi.org/10.2196/17901
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gould, C. E., Kok, B. C., Ma, V. K., Zapata, A. M. L., Owen, J. E., & Kuhn, E. (2019). Veteran Affairs and the Department of Defense mental health apps: A systematic literature review. Psychological Services, 16(2), 196–207. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000289
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gray, N. J., Klein, J. D., Noyce, P. R., Sesselberg, T. S., & Cantrill, J. A. (2005). Health information-seeking behaviour in adolescence: The place of the internet. Social Science & Medicine, 60(7), 1467–1478. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2004.08.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ha, S. W., & Kim, J. (2020). Designing a scalable, accessible, and effective mobile app based solution for common mental health problems. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 36(14), 1354–1367. https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2020.1750792
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hallum-Montes, R., Rhodes, L., Malone, C., Martin, G., Senter, L., & Bunyasaranand, P. (2016). ‘Our only resource’: Perspectives and recommendations of rural African American youth on adapting sexual health and risk reduction interventions. Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved, 27(2), 622–635. https://doi.org/10.1353/hpu.2016.0073
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson, B. T., Scott-Sheldon, L. A., Huedo-Medina, T. B., & Carey, M. P. (2011). Interventions to reduce sexual risk for human immunodeficiency virus in adolescents: A meta-analysis of trials, 1985–2008. Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, 165(1), 77.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kann, L., McManus, T., Harris, W. A., Shanklin, S. L., Flint, K. H., Hawkins, Queen, B., Lowry, R., O’Malley Olsen, E., Chyen, D., Whittle, L., Thornton, J., Lim, C., Yamakawa, Y., Brener, N., & Zaza, S. (2016). Youth risk behavior surveillance – United States, 2015. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 65, 1–174.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kenny, R., Fitzgerald, A., Segurado, R., & Dooley, B. (2020). Is there an app for that? A cluster randomised controlled trial of a mobile app-based mental health intervention. Health Informatics Journal, 26(3), 1538–1559. https://doi.org/10.1177/1460458219884195
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirby, D. (2006). Comprehensive sex education: Strong public support and persuasive evidence of impact, but little funding. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 160(11), 1182–1184. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpedi.160.11.1182
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirby, D. (2007). Abstinence, sex, and STD/HIV education programs for teens: Their impact on sexual behavior, pregnancy, and sexually transmitted disease. Annual Review of Sex Research, 18(1), 143–177.
   Google Scholar
• Lattie, E., Cohen, K. A., Winquist, N., & Mohr, D. C. (2020). Examining an app-based mental health self-care program, intellicare for college students: Single-arm pilot study. JMIR Mental Health, 7(10), e21075. https://doi.org/10.2196/21075
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, M., Lee, H., Kim, Y., Kim, J., Cho, M., Jang, J., & Jang, H. (2018). Mobile app-based health promotion programs: A systematic review of the literature. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(12), 2813–2838. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15122838
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lehrer, J. A., Pantell, R., Tebb, K., & Shafer, M. (2007). Forgone health care among U.S. adolescents: Associations between risk characteristics and confidentiality concern. Journal of Adolescent Health, 40(3), 218–226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2006.09.015
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Logie, C., Okumu, M., Abela, H., Wilson, D., & Narasimhan, M. (2020). Sexual and reproductive health mobile apps: Results from a cross-sectional values and preferences survey to inform World Health Organization normative guidance on self-care interventions. Global Health Action, 13(1), 1796346–1796347. https://doi.org/10.1080/16549716.2020.1796346
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKay, F. H., Wright, A., Shill, J., Stephens, H., & Uccellini, M. (2019). Using health and well-being apps for behavior change: A systematic search and rating of apps. JMIR mHealth and uHealth, 7(7), e11926. https://doi.org/10.2196/11926
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Merriam, S. B. (2009). Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation. Jossey-Bass.
   Google Scholar
• Michie, S., & Abraham, C. (2004). Interventions to change health behaviours: Evidence-based or evidence-inspired? Psychology & Health, 19(1), 29–49. https://doi.org/10.1080/0887044031000141199
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milne-Ives, M., Lam, C., De Cock, C., Van Velthoven, M. H., & Meinert, E. (2020). Mobile apps for health behavior change in physical activity, diet, drug and alcohol use, and mental health: Systematic review. JMIR mHealth and uHealth, 8(3), e17046. https://doi.org/10.2196/17046
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neumann, M. S., O’Donnell, L., Doval, A. S., Schillinger, J., Blank, S., Ortiz-Rios, E., Garcia, T., & O’Donnell, C. R. (2011). Effectiveness of the VOICES/VOCES sexually transmitted disease/human immunodeficiency virus prevention intervention when administered by health department staff: Does it work in the “real world”? Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 38(2), 133–139. https://doi.org/10.1097/OLQ.0b013e3181f0c051
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nurmi, J., Knittle, K., Ginchev, T., Khattak, F., Helf, C., Zwickl, P., Castellano-Tejedor, C., Lusilla-Palacios, P., Costa-Requena, J., Ravaja, N., & Haukkala, A. (2020). Engaging users in the behavior change process with digitalized motivational interviewing and gamification: Development and feasibility testing of the precious app. JMIR mHealth and uHealth, 8(1), e 12884. https://doi.org/10.2196/12884
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Connor, E. A., Lin, J. S., Burda, B. U., Henderson, J. T., Walsh, E. S., & Whitlock, E. P. (2014). Behavioral sexual risk reduction counseling in primary care to prevent sexually transmitted infections: A systematic review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Annals of Internal Medicine, 161(12), 874–883. https://doi.org/10.7326/M14-0475
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Donnell, C. R., OʼDonnell, L., Doval, A. S., Duran, R., & Labes, K. A. R. L. (1998). Reductions in STD infections subsequent to an STD clinic visit using video-based patient education to supplement provider interactions. Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 25(3), 161–168. https://doi.org/10.1097/00007435-199803000-00010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ott, M. A., Rouse, M., Resseguie, J., Smith, H., & Woodcox, S. (2011). Community-level successes and challenges to implementing adolescent sex education programs. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 15(2), 169–177. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-010-0574-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quante, M., Khandpur, N., Kontos, E. Z., Bakker, J. P., Owens, J. A., & Redline, S. (2019). A qualitative assessment of the acceptability of smartphone applications for improving sleep behaviors in low-income and minority adolescents. Behavioral Sleep Medicine, 17(5), 573–585. https://doi.org/10.1080/15402002.2018.1432483
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramsey, R. R., Holbein, C. E., Powers, S. W., Hershey, A. D., Kabbouche, M. A., O'Brien, H. L., Kacperski, J., Shepard, J., & Hommel, K. A. (2018). A pilot investigation of a mobile phone application and progressive reminder system to improve adherence to daily prevention treatment in adolescents and young adults with migraine. Cephalalgia, 38(14), 2035–2044. https://doi.org/10.1177/0333102418756864
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reger, G. M., Hoffman, J., Riggs, D., Rothbaum, B. O., Ruzek, J., Holloway, K. M., & Kuhn, E. (2013). The “PE coach” smartphone application: An innovative approach to improving implementation, fidelity, and homework adherence during prolonged exposure. Psychological Services, 10(3), 342–349. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0032774
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reyna, V. G., & Farley, F. (2006). Risk and rationality in adolescent decision making implications for theory, practice, and public policy. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 7(1), 1–44. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-1006.2006.00026.x
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shannon, C. L., & Klausner, J. D. (2018). The growing epidemic of sexually transmitted infections in adolescents: A neglected population. Current Opinion in Pediatrics. 30(1), 137–143. https://doi.org/10.1097/MOP.0000000000000578
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simons, H. (2009). Case study research in practice. Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Shorey, S., Yang, Y. Y., & Dennis, C. L. (2018). A mobile health app-based postnatal educational program (home-but not alone): Descriptive qualitative study. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 20(4), e119. https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.9188
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stake, R. E. (1995). The art of case study research. Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Stanton, B., Harris, C., Cottrell, L., Li, X., Gibson, C., Guo, J., Pack, R., Galbraith, J., Pendleton, S., Wu, Y., Burns, J., Cole, M., & Marshall, S. (2006). Trial of an urban adolescent sexual risk-reduction intervention for rural youth: A promising but imperfect fit. The Journal of Adolescent Health, 38(1), 55.e25–55.e36.
   Google Scholar
• Stanton, B., Guo, J., Cottrell, L., Galbraith, J., Li, X., Gibson, C., Pack, R., Cole, M., Marshall, S., & Harris, C. (2005). The complex business of adapting effective interventions to new populations: An urban to rural transfer. Journal of Adolescent Health, 37(2), 163.e17–163.e26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2004.10.005
   Google Scholar
• Steinberg, A., Griffin-Tomas, M., Abu-Odeh, D., & Whitten, A. (2018). Evaluation of a mobile phone app for providing adolescents with sexual and reproductive health information, New York City, 2013–2016. Public Health Reports, 133(3), 234–239. https://doi.org/10.1177/0033354918769289
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Widman, L., Choukas-Bradley, S., Noar, S. M., Nesi, J., & Garret, K. (2016). Parent-adolescent sexual communication and adolescent safer sexual behavior: A meta-analysis. JAMA Pediatrics, 170(1), 52–61. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.2731
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Workowski, K. A., & Bolan, G. A. (2015). Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines. MMWR. Recommendations and Reports: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. Recommendations and Reports, 64(RR-03), 1–137.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. (2012). Mobile health (mHealth). Retrieved from http://www.whoint/goe/mobile_health/en/
   Google Scholar
• Yin, R. K. (2014). Case study research: Design and methods (5th ed.). Sage.
   Google Scholar