Recovering a Fecal Habitus: Analyzing Heroin Users' Toilet Talk

REFERENCES

• Bourdieu , P. 1992 Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgment of Taste . London : Routledge and Kegan Paul .
   Google Scholar
• Camilleri , M. 2011 Opioid-induced constipation: Challenges and therapeutic opportunities . The American Journal of Gastroenterology 106 : 835 – 842 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elias , N. 1978 [1939] The Civilizing Process: The History of Manners . Edmund Jephcott, trans. New York : Urizen Books.
   Google Scholar
• Freud , S. 1957 Civilization and Its Discontents . London : The Hogarth Press .
   Google Scholar
• Frykman , J. and O. Löfgren 1987 Culture Builders: A Historical Anthropology of Middle-Class Life . Alan Crozier, trans . New Brunswick , NJ : Rutgers University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Gray , D. and D. Spence 2005 The prevalence of constipation in patients receiving methadone maintenance treatment for opioid dependency . Journal of Substance Use 10 ( 6 ): 397 – 401 .
   Google Scholar
• Inglis , D. 2000 A Sociological History of Excretory Experience: Defecatory Manners and Toiletry Technologies . Lewiston, UK : The Edwin Mellen Press .
   Google Scholar
• ——— . 2002 Dirt and denigration: The faecal imagery and rhetorics of abuse . Postcolonial Studies 5 ( 2 ): 207 – 222 .
   Google Scholar
• Kitchin , R. and R. Law 2001 The socio-spatial construction of (in)accessible public toilets . Urban Studies 38 ( 2 ): 287 – 298 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lawler , J. 1991 Behind the Screens: Nursing, Somology, and the Problem of the Body . Melbourne : Churchill Livingston .
   Google Scholar
• Lea , R. 1999 “The shitful body”: Excrement and control . Medische Anthropologie 11 ( 1 ): 7 – 18 .
   Google Scholar
• ——— . 2001 The performance of control and the control of performance: Towards a social anthropology of defecation. PhD dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Brunel University.
   Google Scholar
• Leder , D. 1990 The Absent Body . Chicago : University of Chicago Press .
   Google Scholar
• Longhurst , R. 2001 Bodies: Exploring Fluid Boundaries . London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Loudon , J. B. 1977 On body products . In The Anthropology of the Body . J. Blacking , ed. Pp. 161 – 178 . London : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Malinowski , B. 2005 [1929] The Sexual Life of Savages in Northwest Melanesia . London : Routledge and Kegan Paul .
   Google Scholar
• Manderson , L. 2005 Boundary breaches: The body, sex and sexuality after stoma surgery . Social Science and Medicine 61 : 405 – 415 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ——— . 2011 Surface Tensions: Surgery, Bodily Boundaries, and the Social Self . Walnut Creek , CA : Left Coast Press .
   Google Scholar
• Miller , W. I. 1998 The Anatomy of Disgust . Cambridge , MA : Harvard University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Neale , J. , S. Nettleton , L. Pickering , and J. Fischer 2012 Eating patterns amongst heroin users: A qualitative study with implications for nutritional interventions . Addiction 107 : 635 – 641 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nettleton , S. , J. Neale , and L. Pickering 2011 Techniques and transitions: A sociological analysis of sleeping practices amongst recovering heroin users . Social Science and Medicine 72 : 1367 – 1373 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ——— . 2002 “I just want to be normal”: An analysis of discourses of normality among recovering heroin users . Health: An Interdisciplinary Journal for the Social Study of Health, Illness and Medicine. Advance online publication. doi:10.1177/1363459312451182 .
   Google Scholar
• Panchal , S. J. , P. Müller-Schwefe , and J. I. Wurzelmann 2007 Opioid-induced bowel dysfunction: Prevalence, pathophysiology and burden . International Journal of Clinical Practice 61 ( 7 ): 1181 – 1187 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pickering , L. 2010 Toilets, bodies, selves: Enacting composting as counterculture in Hawai‘i . Body and Society 16 ( 4 ): 33 – 55 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seymour , W. 1998 Remaking the Body: Rehabilitation and Change. Sydney: Allen and Unwin.
   Google Scholar
• Turnbull , C. 1973 The Mountain People . London : Jonathan Cape .
   Google Scholar
• van der Geest , S. 1998 Akan shit: Getting rid of dirt in Ghana . Anthropology Today 14 ( 3 ): 8 – 12 .
   Google Scholar
• ——— . 2002 The toilet: Dignity, privacy and care of elderly people in Kwahu, Ghana . In Ageing in Africa: Sociolinguistic and Anthropological Approaches . S. Makoni and K. Stoeken , eds. Pp. 227 – 243 . Farnham, UK : Ashgate .
   Google Scholar
• Yuan , C. S. , J. Foss , M. O'Connor , J. Moss , and M. Roizen 1998 Gut motility and transit changes in patients receiving long-term methadone maintenance . Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 38 ( 10 ): 931 – 935 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yuan , C. S. , J. Foss , M. O'Connor , J. Osinski , T. Karrison , J. Moss , and M. Roizen 2000 Methylnaltrexone for reversal of constipation due to chronic methadone use: A randomized control trial . Journal of the American Medical Association 283 ( 3 ): 367 – 371 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar