Publication Cover
Medical Anthropology
Cross-Cultural Studies in Health and Illness
Volume 22, 2003 - Issue 3
600
Views
56
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

The acupuncture wars: The professionalizing of American acupuncture-a view from Massachusetts

Pages 261-301 | Published online: 26 Oct 2010

  • Abbott , A. 1988 . The System of Professions: An Essay on the Division of Expert Labor , Chicago : University of Chicago Press .
  • Acupuncture Alliance . 5 April 1998 . "The Seattle Statement Declaration of Principles," ” . 5 April , 11 Seattle, Washington 1997 Acupuncture Alliance Forum, Fall
  • Acupuncture Society of New York . 1994 . "NIH Grants Announced." . Meridian Times , 4 (1-2) : 18
  • Andrews , B. 1994 . “ 'Tailoring Tradition: The Impact of Modem Medicine on Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1887-1937." ” . In Notions et Perceptions du Changement en Chine , Edited by: Alleton , V. and Volkov , A. 149 – 166 . Paris : Collège de France .
  • "The Making of Modern Chinese Medicine." ” . New York : Oxford University Press . Forthcoming
  • Anonymous . 1994 . "State of the State" . Acupuncture Society of Massachusetts Newsletter , January : 4 – 5 .
  • Baer , H. , Jen , C. , Tanassi , L. , Tsia , C. and Wahbeh , H. 1998 . "The Drive for Professionalization in Acupuncture: A Preliminary View from the San Francisco Bay Area." . Social Science and Medicine , 46 : 533 – 537 .
  • Bames , L. 1998 . "The Psychologizing of Chinese Healing Practices in the United States" . Culture, Medicine, and Psychiatry , 22 : 413 – 443 .
  • "Needles, Herbs, Gods, and Ghosts: China, Healing, and the West to 1848." ” . Cambridge : Harvard University Press . Forthcoming
  • Becher , T. 2000 . Professional Practices: Commitment and Capability in a Changing Environment , New Brunswick : Transaction Publishers .
  • Bodenheimer , T. 1999 . "The American Health Care System: Physicians and the Changing Medical Marketplace" . New England Journal of Medicine , 34000 : 584 – 588 .
  • Burnham , J. 1998 . How (he Idea of Profession Changed the Writing of Medical History , London : Wellcome Institute for the History of Medicine .
  • Caplow , T. 1966 . "The Sequence of Professionalization." ” . In Professionalization , Edited by: Vollmer , H. and Mills , D. 19 – 21 . Englewood Cliffs, NJ : Prentice Hall .
  • Carr-Saunders , A. 1966 . "Professionalization in Historical Perspective." ” . In Professionalization , Edited by: Vollmer , H. and Mills , D. 2 – 9 . Englewood Cliffs, NJ : Prentice Hall .
  • Carr-Saunders , A. and Wilson , P. 1964 [1933] . The Professions , London : Frank Cass and Co. Ltd. .
  • Cooper , R. , Henderson , T. and Dietrich , C. 1998 . "Roles of Nonphysician Clinicians as Autonomous Providers of Patient Care." . Journal of the American Medical Association , 280 : 795 – 802 .
  • Coulter , L , Adams , A. , Coggan , P. , Wikes , M. and Gonyea , M. 1998 . "A Comparative Study of Chiropractic and Medical Education." . Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine , 4 (5) : 64 – 75 .
  • Cowley , G. 2002 . "The New Science: "Integrative" Care, Blending the Conventional and the Unconventional" . Newsweek , 2 December : 46 – 53 .
  • Davis-Floyd , R. and John , G. St. 1998 . From Doctor to Healer , New Brunswick : Rutgers University Press .
  • Duggan , R. 1999 . "Entrypoints: Diverse Practitioners Join at the Heart of Healing." . Meridians , 6 (3) : 3 – 5 .
  • Editors . 1999 . "Alliance and AAOM: Yin and Yang." . Acupuncture Alliance Forum , 1 Spring : 3
  • Eisenberg , D. , Kessler , R. , Foster , C. , Norlock , F. , Calkins , D. and Delbanco , T. 1993 . "Unconventional Medicine in the United States." . New England Journal of Medicine , 328 : 246 – 252 .
  • Ergil , M. 1993 . "Letter to the Editor." . Journal of the Acupuncture Society of New York , Winter/Spring : 23 – 26 .
  • Farquhar , J. 1995 . "Re-Writing Traditional Medicine in Post-Mao China." ” . In Knowledge and the Scholarly Medical Traditions , Edited by: Bates , D. 251 – 276 . New York : Cambridge University Press .
  • 1996 . "Market Magic Getting Rich and Getting Personal in Medicine after Mao." . American Ethnologist , 23 : 239 – 257 .
  • Flaws , B. 1998 . "Chinese Medicine: Religious Path or Secular Profession." . American Acupuncturist Update , December : 15
  • Friedson , E. 1994 . Professionalism Reborn: Theory, Prophecy and Policy , Chicago : University of Chicago Press .
  • 2001 . Professionalism: The Third Logic , Cambridge, , UK : Polity Press .
  • Golby , M. and Hopper , A. 1999 . "Developing a Profession: The Case of Acupuncture." . European Journal of Oriental Medicine , 2 (6) : 41 – 47 .
  • Horrigan , B. 2001 . 'Ted Kaptehuk, OMD Subjectivity and the Placebo Effect in Medicine." . Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine , 7 (5) : 100 – 108 .
  • Russin , M. 1999 . "Letter from the President." . Acupuncture Society of Massachusetts Newsletter , 15 : 1 3 7
  • Johnston , B. 1998 . "WHO Acknowledges African Healers." . HerbalGram , 43 : 16 – 17 .
  • Kaptehuk , T. 1996 . "Historical Context of the Concept of Vitalism in Complementary and Alternative Medicine." ” . In Fundamentals of Complementary and Alternative Medicine , Edited by: Micozzi , M. 35 – 48 . New York : Churchill Livingstone .
  • 2000 . The Web That Has No Weaver: Understanding Chinese Medicine , (rev. ed.) , Chicago : Contemporary Books .
  • Kaptehuk , T. , Goldman , P. , Stone , D. and Stason , W. 2000 . "Do Medical Devices Have Enhanced Placebo Effects?" . Journal of Clinical Epidemiology , 53 : 786 – 792 .
  • Kimball , B. 1992 . "The 'True Professional Ideal" in America: A History." ” . Cambridge, MA : Blackwell Publishers .
  • Kunz , K. and Kunz , B. 1998 . "Professionalism and Reflexology." . Reflexions , 19 (3) : 5 – 6 .
  • Larson , M. 1977 . The Sise of Professionalism , Berkeley : University of California .
  • Last , M. 1990 . "Professionalization of Indigenous Healers." ” . In Medical Anthropology: A Handbook of Theory and Method , Edited by: Johnson , T. and Sargent , C. 374 – 395 . New York : Greenwood Press .
  • Leicht , K. and Fennell , M. 2001 . Professional Work: A Sociological Approach , Maiden, MA : Blackwell Publishers .
  • Lipman , N. 1995 . "ASM Conference and Annual Meeting: Where Do We Go From Here?" . Acupuncture Society of Massachusetts Newsletter , 6 May : 1 5
  • McGuire , M. 1988 . Ritual Healing in Suburban America , New Brunswick : Rutgers University Press .
  • National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) . January 24-25 2000a . "National Advisory Council for Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Minutes of Second Meeting" ” . January 24-25 , http://nccam.nih.gov/about/ advisory/naccam/minutes/2000jan.htmp7 (downloaded December 2, 2002)
  • Needham , C . 1998 . 'To the Editor." . New England Journal of Medicine , 338 (1) : 66
  • Rothfeld , G. 1996 . "Focus on Scope of Practice: An MD'8 Perspective." . In Acupuncture Society of Massachusetts Newsletter , 8 : 5 – 6 .
  • Scheid , V. 2002 . Chinese Medicine in Contemporary China: Plurality and Synthesis , Durham : Duke University Press .
  • Swick , H. , Szenas , P. , Danoff , D. and Whitcomb , M. 1999 . 'Teaching Professionalism in Undergraduate Medical Education." . Journal of the American Medical Association , 282 (9) : 830 – 832 .
  • Starr , P. 1982 . The Social Transformation of American Medicine , New York : Basic Books .
  • Tu , D. 1999 . "Professionalization of an Alternative Healing Tradition: A History of the New England School of Acupuncture." ” . Harvard University . Senior thesis
  • Underwood , A. 2002 . "Chinese Medicine May Have Much to Teach the West." . Newsweek , 2 December : 54 – 57 .
  • Unschuld , P. 1987 . 'Traditional Chinese Medicine: Some Historical and Epistemological Reflections." . Social Science and Medicine , 24 : 1023 – 29 .
  • Leslie , C. and Young , A. , eds. 1992 . "Epistemological Issues and Changing Legitimation: Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Twentieth Century" ” . In Paths to Asian Medical Knowledge , 44 – 61 . Berkeley : University of California Press .
  • Wardwell , W. 1988 . "Chiropractors: Evolution to Acceptance" ” . In Other Healers: Unorthodox Medicine in America , Edited by: Gevitz , Norman . 157 – 191 . Baltimore : Johns Hopkins University Press .
  • Weber , M. 1978 . Economy and Society , Edited by: Roth , G. and Wittich , C. Berkeley : University of California .
  • Wexler , N. 1984 . "Behavioral Convergence and Institutional Separation: An Analysis of Plural Medicine in Sri Lanka." . Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry , 8 : 187 – 205 .
  • Wolpe , P. 1985 . "The Maintenance of Professional Authority: Acupuncture and the American Physician." . Social Problems , 2 : 410 – 424 .
  • 1999 . "From Quackery to "Integrated Care": Power, Politics and Alternative Medicine." . Frontier Perspectives , 8 (1) : 10 – 12 .
  • Wynia , K. , Latham , S. , Kao , A. , Berg , J. and Emanuel , L. 2002 . "Medical Professionalism in Society." . New England Journal of Medicine , 341 : 1612 – 1615 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.