3,033
Views
74
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original

The Health Impact of Childhood Trauma: An Interdisciplinary Review, 1997-2003

, PhD, RN, BScNEd, MSc
Pages 115-136 | Received 01 Sep 2005, Accepted 01 Feb 2005, Published online: 10 Jul 2009

REFERENCES

  • Ackerman P. T., Newton J. E., McPherson W. B., Jones J. G., Dykman R. H. Prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder and other psychiatric diagnosis in three groups of abused children (sexual, physical and both). Child Abuse & Neglect 1998; 22(8)759–774, [CSA]
  • American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders 4th ed. Author, Washington, DC 2000, text revision
  • Anderson T., DeCarlo A., Voisin D., Bell C. Trauma and violence in childhood: A U.S. perspective. Psychiatric Times 2003; 20(10)91
  • Behl L. E., Conyngham H. A., May P. F. Trends in child maltreatment literature. Child Abuse and Neglect 2003; 27(2)215–229, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Bernstein D., Fink L. Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Harcourt Brace Educational Measurement, San Antonio, TX 1998
  • Bernstein D., Fink L., Handelman L., Foote J., Lovejoy M., Wenzel K., et al. Initial reliability and validity of a new retrospective measure of child abuse and neglect. American Journal of Psychiatry 1994; 151(8)1132–1136, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Bolger K. E., Patterson C. J., Kupersmidt J. B. Peer relationships and self-esteem among children who have been maltreated. Child Development. 1998; 69: 1171–1197, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Bremner J. D., Narayan M., Staib L. H., Southwick S. M., McGlashan T., Charney D. S. Neural correlates of memories of childhood sexual abuse in women with and without posttraumatic stress disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry 1999; 156(11)1787–1795, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Bremner J. D., Southwick S. M., Johnson D. J., Yehuda R., Charney D. S. Childhood physical abuse and combat-related post traumatic stress disorder in Vietnam veterans. American Journal of Psychiatry 1993; 150: 235–239, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Bremner J. D., Staib L. H., Kaloupek D., Southwick S. M., Soufer R., Charney D. S. Neural correlates of exposure of traumatic pictures and sound in Vietnam combat veterans with and without posttraumatic stress disorder. Biological Psychiatry 1999; 45: 806–816, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Briere J. Trauma symptom checklist for children (TSCC), Professional manual. Psychological Assessment Resoruces, Odessa, FL 1996
  • Campbell J. A celebration of nursing research on violence. Canadian Journal of Nursing Research 2001; 32(4)3–9, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Child Trauma Academy. Understanding traumatized and maltreated children. Author, Houston, TX 2004, Retrieved August 27, 1004 from http://www.childtrauma.org/
  • Collett B. Ten year review of rating scales. IV. Scales assessing trauma and its effects (research update review). Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 2002; 41(12)1401–1422, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Daane D. Child and adolescent violence. Orthopedic Nursing 2003; 22: 23–29, [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • De Bellis M. D, Baum A. S., Birmaher B., Keshavan M. S., Eccard C. H., Boring A. M., Jenkins F. J., Ryan N. D. A.E. Bennett Research Award, Developmental traumatology. Part I: Biological stress systems. Biological Psychiatry 1999; 45(10)1259–1270, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Diaz A., Simatov E., Rickert V. I. The independent and combined effects of physical and sexual abuse on health, results of a national survey. Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology 2000; 13(2)89–99, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Dickinson L. M., deGruy F. V., III, Dickinson W. P., Candib L. M. Health-related quality of life and symptom profiles of female survivors of sexual abuse. Archives of Family Medicine 1999; 8(1)35–43, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Dube S. R., Felitti V., Dong M., Chapman D., Giles W., Anda R. Childhood abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction and the risk of illicit drug use: The adverse childhood experiences study. Pediatrics 2003; 111(3)564–572, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Dubowitz H., Black M. M., Kerr M. A, Hussey J. M., Morrel T. M., Everson M. D., Starr R. H., Jr. Type and timing of mothers' victimization: effects on mother and children. Pediatrics 2001; 107(4)728–735, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Everett B., Gallop R. The link between childhood trauma and mental illness: Effective interventions for mental health professionals. Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA 2001
  • Felitti V. J., Anda R. F., Nordenberg D., Williamson D. F., Spitz A. M., Edwards V., et al. Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 1998; 14: 245–258, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Foa E. B., Keane T. M., Friedman M. J. Effective treatments for PTSD: Practice guidelines from the international society for traumatic stress studies. Guilford, New York 2000
  • Foa E. B. The child PTSD symptom scale (CPSS). Author, Philadelphia, PA 2002
  • Freidman M., Schnurr P. P. The relationship between trauma, posttraumatic stress disorder, and physical health. Neurological and clinical consequences of stress: From normal adaption to post traumatic stress disorder, M. Freidman, D. Charney, A. Deutch. Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia 1995; pp. 507–524
  • Fromm S. Total estimated cost of child abuse and neglect in United States. Statistical evidence. Prevent Child Abuse America, Chicago, IL 2001
  • Fukunger T., Mizou Y., Yamashita A., Yamada M., Yamamoto Y., Tatsuno Y., et al. Thymus of abused neglect children. Forensic Science International 1992; 53(1)69–79, [CROSSREF]
  • Garnefski N., Arends E. Sexual abuse and adolescent maladjustment: Differences between male and female victims. Journal of Adolescence 1998; 21(1)99–107, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Glodich A. Traumatic exposure to violence: A comprehensive review of the child and adolescent literature. Smith College Studies in Social Work 1998; 68: 321–345, [CSA]
  • Goldman J., Padayachi U. Some methodological problems in estimating incidence and prevalence in child sexual abuse research. Journal of Sexual Research 2000; 37(4)305–314, [CSA]
  • Gordis E. The effects of family and community violence on children. Annual Review of Psychology 2000; 1(41)445–479
  • Gray F., Campbell D., Humphreys J. Theories of child abuse. Family Violence and Nursing Practice, J. Humphreys, J. Campbell. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia 2004; pp. 58–76
  • Hall J. Geography of childhood sexual abuse: Women's narratives of their childhood environments. (Environment and Health). Advances in Nursing Science 1996; 18(4)29–47, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Health Canada. The Canadian incidence study of reported child abuse and neglect. Author, OttawaCanada 2001, Retrieved August 27, 2004 from http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/pphb-dgspsp/cm-vee/cish101
  • Heem C., Ehlert U., Hanker J. P., Hellhammer D. H. Abuse-related post traumatic stress disorder and alterations of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis in women with chronic pelvic pain. Psychosomatic Medicine 1998; 60(2)309–318, [CSA]
  • Heem C., Ehlert U., Hanker J. P., Hellhammer D. H. Psychoneuro-endocrinology 2000; 25(1)1–35, [CSA]
  • Herman J. L. Trauma and recovery: The aftermath of violencefrom domestic abuse to political terror. Basic Book, New York 1992
  • Hughes H. M. Research concerning children of battered women: Clinical implications. Violence and sexual abuse at home: Current issues in spousal battering and child maltreatment, R. Geffner, S. B. Soreson, P. K. Lundber-Love. Haworth, New York 1997; pp. 225–244
  • Irwin H. Pathological and nonpathological dissociation: the relevance of childhood trauma. The Journal of Psychology: Interdisciplinary and Applied 1999; 130(2)157–164, [CSA]
  • Ito Y., Teicher M. H., Glod C. A., Ackerman E. Preliminary evidence for aberrant cortica development in abused children: A quantitative EEG study. Journal of Neuropsychiatry & Clinical Neurosciences 1998; 10(3)298–307, [CSA]
  • Jones R. T., Fletcher K., Ribbe D. P. Child reaction to traumatic events scale (CRET-S). Author, Blacksburg, VA 2002
  • Kann L., Kinchen S. A., Williams B. I., Ross J. L., Lowry R., Grunbaum L. A., et al. Youth risk behavior surveillanceUnited States 1999. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 2000; 49(SS–5)1–32
  • Kaufman J., Zigler E. Do abused children become abused parents?. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 1997; 57(2)186–192, [CSA]
  • Kessler R. C., Foster C. L., Saunders W. B., Stang P. E. Social consequences of psychiatric disorders: Education attainment. American Journal of Psychiatry 1995; 152(7)1026–1032, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Kilpatrick D., Saunders B. The Prevalence and consequences of child victimization: Summary of a research study. U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Washington, DC 1997
  • Klayman-Faber S. When the body is the target: Self-harm, pain, and traumatic attachments. Jason-Aronson, New York 1998
  • Kliewer W., Lepore S. J., Oskin D., Johnson P. D. The role of social and cognitive processes in children's adjustment to community violence. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 1998; 66(1)199–209, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Margolin G., John R. S. Children's exposure to marital aggression: Direct and mediated effects. Out of the darkness: Contemporary perspectives on family violence, G. K. Kantor, J. L. Jasinski. Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA 1997; pp. 90–104
  • McGinnis M., Foege W. H. Mortality and morbidity attributable to use of addictive substance in the United States. Proceedings of the Association of American Physicians 1999; 111(2)109–118, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Metzger L. J., Orr S. P., Beiry N. J., Ahern C. C. E., Lasko N. B. Psychological reactivity to startling tones in women with post-traumatic stress disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 1999; 108(2)347–352, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Moeller T. P., Bachmann G. A., Moeller J. R. The combined effects of physical, sexual and emotional abuse during childhood: Long-term health consequences for women. Child Abuse & Neglect 1993; 17(5)623–640, [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Murberg T. A., Bru E., Svebak S., Tveteras R., Aarsland T. Depressed mood and subjective health symptoms as predictors of mortality in patients with congestive heart failure. A two-year follow-up study. International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine 1999; 29: 311–326, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Nader K. O., Kriegler J. A., Blake D. D., Pynoos R. S., Newman E., Weather F. The clinician-administered PTSD scale: Child and adolescent version (CAPS-C). National Center for PTSD, White River Junction, VT 2002
  • Perry B. D. Post traumatic stress disorder in children and adolescents. Current Opinion in Pediatrics 1999; 11(4)310–316, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Perry B. D. Trauma and terror in childhood: The neuropsychiatric impact of childhood trauma. Handbook of psychological injuries: Evaluation, treatment and compensable damages, I. Schulz, S. Carella, D. O. Brady. American Bar Association, Washington, DC 2000
  • Perry B. D., Azad I. Post traumatic stress disorders in children and adolescents. Current Opinion in Pediatrics 1999; 11(4)121–132, [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Perry B. D., Pollard R. H., Blakley T. L., Baker W. L., Vigilante D. Childhood trauma, the neurobiology of adaption and use-dependent development of the brain: How states become traits. Infant Mental Health Journal 1995; 16(4)271–291
  • Pfefferbaum B. Posttraumatic stress disorder in children: A review of the past 10 years. Journal American Academy Child Adolescent Psychiatry 1997; 36(11)1503–1511, [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Plihal W., Krug R., Pulrowsky R., Fehm H. L., Born J. Corticosteroid receptor medicated effects on mood in humans. Psychoneuroendocrinology 1996; 21(6)515–523, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Praver F. The Angie/Andy parent rating scales. Author, Locust Valley, NY 2002
  • Pynoos R. S. The child post traumatic stress-reaction index (CPTS-RI). Author, Los Angeles, CA 2002
  • Riggs S., Alario A. J., McHorney C. Health risk behaviors and attempted suicide in adolescents who report prior maltreatment. Journal of Pediatrics 1990; 116(5)815–821, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Rothschild B. The body remembers: The psychophysiology of trauma and trauma treatment. Norton, New York 2000
  • Saigh P. A. The children's post traumatic stress disorder-inventory (CPTSDI). Author, New York 2002
  • Saylor C. F. The pediatric emotional distress scale (PEDS). Author, Charleston, SC 2002
  • Trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder, M. Scott, S. Palmer. Cassell, New York 2000
  • Simon G. E., VonKorff M., Barlow W. Health care costs of primary care patients with recognized depression. Archives of General Psychiatry 1995; 52(10)850–856, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Simons L. An evaluation of a hypothesized paradigm: The relationship between childhood abuse and substance use mediated by biopsychosocial factors among priority populations. University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia 2001
  • Southwick S. Salivary cortisol responses to dexamethasone in adolescents with posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 2003; 42(11)1310–1317, [CSA]
  • Statistics Canada. Canadian community health survey mental health and well-being. 2003, Retrieved August 27, 2004 from http://www.statcan.ca/english/freepub/82-617-XIE/free.htm
  • Sumner G. Untreated depression results in lost workplace productivity. San Antonio Business Journal November 13, 1998, Retrieved from www.amcity.com/sanantonio/stories/1998/11/16/focus4.html [CSA]
  • Trickett P. K. Sexual and physical abuse and the development of social competence. Developmental psychopathology: Perspectives on adjustment, risk, and disorder, S. S. Luther, J. A. Burack, D. Cicchetti, J. Weisz. Cambridge University Press, New York 1997; pp. 390–416
  • Trocmé N., Maclaurin B., Fallon B., Daciuk J., Billingsley D., Tourigny M., et al. Canadian incidence study of reported child abuse and neglect: final report. Minister of Public Works and Government Services, OttawaCanada 2001
  • U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. With understanding and improving health and objectives for improving health. Healthy People 2010 2nd ed. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 2000; Vol. 1, Pt. 7, Retrieved August 27, 2004 from http://www.healthypeople.gov/Document/HTML/volume1/07ED.htm
  • Walker E., Unutzer J., Rutter C., Gelfand A., Saunders K., VonKorff M. Cost of health care use by women HMO members with a history of childhood abuse and neglect. Archives of General Psychiatry 1999; 56(7)609–163, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Ward M., Bennett S. Nature and severity of physical harm caused by child abuse and neglect: Results from the Canadian incidence study. Canadian Medical Association Journal 2003; 169(9)911–915
  • Weiss D. The impact of events scale-revised. Author, San Francisco, CA 2000
  • World Health Organization. Brundtland unveils new WHO global strategies for Mental health. Author, GenevaSwitzerland 1999, Press Release WHO/67, Retrieved August 27, 2004 from http://www.who.int/inf-pr-1999/en/pr99-67.html
  • Zakarian J. M., Hovell M. F., Conway T. L., Hofstetter C. R., Slymen D. J. Tobacco use and other risk behaviors: Cross sectional and predictive relationships for adolescent orthodontic patients. Nicotine and Tobacco Research 2000; 2(2)179–186, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Zlotnick C., Warshaw M., Shea M. T., Allsworth J., Pearlstein T., Keller M. B. Chronicity in post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and predictors of course of comorbid PTSD in patients with anxiety disorders. Journal of Traumatic Stress 1999; 12(1)89–100, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.