A Cross-Cultural Comparison of Communication Orientations between Americans and Taiwanese

References

• Ayres , J. ( 1997 ). A component theory of communication apprehension . Ruston , Wash. : Communication Ventures .
   Google Scholar
• Beatty , M. J. , McCroskey , J. C. , & Heisel , A. D. ( 1998 ). Communication apprehension at temperamental expression: A communibiological paradigm . Communication Monographs , 65 , 197 – 219 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beatty , M. J. , & McCroskey , J. C. ( 2000 ). A Few Comments about Commuibiology and the Nature/Nurture Question .
   Google Scholar
• Becker , C. B. ( 1986 ). Reasons for the lack of argumentation and debate in the Far East . International Journal of International Relations , 10 , 75 – 92 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bickford , T. J. ( 2005, August ). Opportunities, risks, and the issue of Taiwan . Retrieved August 15, 2005, from http://www.fpif.org/fpiftxt/285 .
   Google Scholar
• Canary , D. J. , & Hause , K. S. ( 1993 ). Is there any reason to research sex differences in communication? Communication Quarterly , 41 , 129 – 144 .
   Google Scholar
• Chen , G.-M. ( 1995 ). Differences in self-disclosure patterns among Americans versus Chinese: A comparative study . Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology , 26 , 84 – 91 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen , J. ( 1977 ). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (Rev. Ed.). New York : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Condit , C. M. ( 2000 ). Culture and biology in human communication: Toward a multicausal model . Communication Education , 49 , 7 – 25 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Costa , P. T. Jr. , Terracciano , A. , & McCrae , R. R. ( 2001 ). Gender differences in personality traits across cultures: Robust and surprising findings . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 81 , 322 – 331 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dindia , K. , & Allen , M. ( 1992 ). Sex differences in self-disclosure: A meta-analysis . Psychological Bulletin , 112 , 106 – 124 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hample , D. , & Dallinger , J. M. ( 1987 ). Individual differences in cognitive editing standards . Human Communication Research , 14 , 123 – 144 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hofstede , G. H. ( 2001 ). Culture's consequences ( ed) , 2nd . Thousand Oaks , Calif. : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Hsu , C.-F. (2004). Sources of differences in communication apprehension between Taiwanese and Americans. Communication Quarterly , 52, 370–389.
   Google Scholar
• Infante , D. A. ( 1982 ). The argumentative student in the speech communication classroom: An investigation and implications . Communication Education , 31 , 141 – 148 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Infante , D. A. , & Rancer , A. S. ( 1982 ). A conceptualization and measure of argumentativeness . Journal of Personality Assessment , 46 , 72 – 80 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jenkins , G. D. , Klopf , D. W. , & Park , M. S. ( 1991, July ). Argumentativeness in Korean and American college students: A comparison . Paper presented at the annual meeting of the World Communication Association , Jyvaskyla , Finland .
   Google Scholar
• Kim , M.-S. ( 2004 ). Non-Western perspectives on human communication: Implication for theory and practice . Thousand Oaks , Calif. : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Klopf , D. W. , & Cambra , R. ( 1979 ). Communication apprehension among college students in America, Australia, Japan, and Korea . Journal of Psychology , 102 , 27 – 31 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lustig , M. W. , & Anderson , P. A. ( 1991 ). Generalizing about communication apprehension and avoidance: Multiple replications and meta-analyses . In J. W. Neulip (Ed.), Replication research in the social sciences (pp. 297 – 328 ). NewburyPark , Calif. : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• McCroskey , J. C. ( 1977 ). Oral communication apprehension: A summary of recent theory and research . Human Communication Research , 4 , 78 – 96 .
   Google Scholar
• McCroskey , J. C. ( 1982 ). An introduction to rhetorical communication ( ed.) , 4th . Englewood Cliffs , NJ : Prentice-Hall .
   Google Scholar
• McCroskey , J. C. ( 1992 ). Reliability and validity of the willingness to communicate scale . Communication Quarterly , 40 , 16 – 25 .
   Google Scholar
• McCroskey , J. C. ( 1997 ). Self-report measurement . In J. A. Daly , J. C. McCroskey , J. Ayres , T. Hopf , & D. M. Ayres (Eds.), Avoiding communication: Shyness, reticence, and communication apprehension ( ed. , 2nd , pp. 191 – 216 ). Cresskill , NJ : Hampton Press .
   Google Scholar
• McCroskey , J. C. , & McCroskey , L. L. ( 1988 ). Self-report as an approach to measuring communication competence . Communication Research Reports , 5 , 108 – 113 .
   Google Scholar
• McCroskey , J. C. , & Richmond , V. P. ( 1987 ). Willingness to communicate . In J. C. McCroskey & J. A. Daly (Eds.), Personality and interpersonal communication (pp. 129 – 156 ). Beverly Hills , Calif. : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Oyserman , D. , Coon , H. M. , & Kemmelmeier , M. ( 2002 ). Rethinking individualism and collectivism: Evaluation of theoretical assumptions and meta-analyses . Psychological Bulletin , 128 , 3 – 72 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prunty , L. L. , Klopf , D. , & Ishii , S. ( 1990 ). Argumentativeness: Japanese and American tendency to approach or avoid conflict . Communication Research Reports , 7 , 75 – 79 .
   Google Scholar
• Rancer , A. S. , & Baukus , R. A. ( 1987 ). Discriminating males and females on belief structure about arguing . In L. B. Nadler , M. K. Nadler , & W. R. Todd-Mancillas , Advances in gender and communication research (pp. 155 – 173 ). Lanham , Md. : University Press of America .
   Google Scholar
• Rancer , A. S. , & Dierks-Stewart , K. J. ( 1985 ) The influence of sex and sex role orientation on trait argumentativeness . Journal of Personality Assessment , 49 , 69 – 70 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Triandis , H. C. ( 1994 ). Major cultural syndromes and emotion . In S. Kitayam & H. R. Markus (Eds), Emotion and culture (pp. 185 – 306 ). Washington , DC : American Psychological Association .
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Census Bureau . ( 2005 ). Retrieved September 25, 2005, from http://www.census.gov/foreign-trade/top/#2005
   Google Scholar
• Wheeless , L. R. ( 1976 ). Self-disclosure and interpersonal solidarity: Measurement, validation, and relationships . Human Communication Research , 3 , 47 – 61 .
   Google Scholar
• Wheeless , L. R. ( 1978 ). A follow-up study of the relationships among trust, disclosure, and interpersonal solidarity . Human Communication Research , 4 , 143 – 157 .
   Google Scholar
• Wheeless , L. R. , Erickson , K. V. , & Behrens , J. S. ( 1986 ). Cultural differences in disclosiveness as a function of locus of control . Communication Monographs , 23 , 36 – 46 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wheeless , L. R. , & Grotz , J. (1976). Conceptualization and measurement of reported self-disclosure. Human Communication Research , 2, 338–346.
   Google Scholar
• Williams , J. E. , & Best , D. L. ( 1990 ). Sex and psyche: Gender and self viewed cross-culturally . Newbury Park , Calif. : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Wolfson , K. , & Pearce , W. B. ( 1983 ). A cross-cultural comparison of the implications of self-disclosure on conversational logics . Communication Quarterly , 31 , 249 – 256 .
   Google Scholar
• Yik , M. S. , Bond , M. H. , & Paulhus , D. L. ( 1998 ). Do Chinese self-enhance or self-efface? It's a matter of domain . Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , 24 , 399 – 406 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yook , E. L. , & Ahn , B. L. ( 1999 ). Comparison of apprehension about communication between Koreans and Americans . Perceptual & Motor Skills , 89 , 161 – 164 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang , Y. , Butler , J. , & Pryor , B. ( 1996 ) Comparison of apprehension about communication in China and the United States . Perceptual and Motor Skills , 82 , 1168 – 1170 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar