References
- Appel , E. C. ( 1996 ). Burlesque drama as a rhetorical genre: The hudibrastic ridicule of William F. Buckley, Jr . Western Journal of Communication , 60 , 269 – 284 .
- Appel , E. C. ( 1997 ). The rhetoric of Martin Luther King, Jr.: Comedy and context in tragic collision . Western Journal of Communication , 61 , 376 – 402 .
- Benoit , W. L. ( 1999 ). Seeing spots: A functional analysis of presidential TV advertisements, 1952–1996 . West Port , Conn. : Praeger .
- Benoit , W. L. ( 2000a ). A functional analysis of political advertising across media, 1998 . Communication Studies , 51 , 274 – 295 .
- Benoit , W. L. ( 2000b ). Comparing the Clinton and Dole advertising campaigns: Identification and division in the 1996 Presidential television spots . Communication Research Reports , 17 , 39 – 48 .
- Benoit , W. L. ( 2001 ). The functional approach to presidential television spots: Acclaiming, attacking, defending 1952–2000 . Communication Studies , 52 , 109 – 126 .
- Benoit , W. L. ( 2004 ). Political party affiliation and presidential campaign discourse . Communication Quarterly , 52 , 81 – 97 .
- Benoit , W. L. , & Hansen , G. J. ( 2004 ). The changing media environment of presidential campaigns . Communication Research Reports , 21 , 164 – 173 .
- Benoit , W. L. , Pier , P. M. , & Blaney , J. R. ( 1997 ). A functional approach to televised political spots: Attacking, defending, and acclaiming . Communication Quarterly , 85 , 1 – 20 .
- Bostdorff , D. ( 1987 ). Making light of James Watt: A Burkean approach to the form and attitude of political cartoons . Quarterly Journal of Speech , 73 , 43 – 59 .
- Brazeal , L. M. , & Benoit , W. L. ( 2001 ). A functional analysis of congressional television spots, 1986–2000 . Communication Quarterly , 49 , 437 – 453 .
- Brubaker , J. ( 2004 , April ). The battle for Florida: An analysis of the 2002 Florida gubernatorial race between governor Jeb Bush and Bill McBride . Paper presented at the Central States Communication Association , Cleveland , Ohio .
- Brummett , B. ( 1984 ). Burkean comedy and tragedy, illustrated in the reactions to the arrest of John DeLorean . Central States Speech Journal , 34 , 217 – 227 .
- Buerkle , C. W. , Mayer , M. E. , & Olson , C. D. ( 2003 ). Our hero the buffoon: Contradictory and concurrent Burkean framing of Arizona Governor Evan Mecham . Western Journal of Communication , 67 , 187 – 206 .
- Burke , K. ( 1959 ). Attitudes toward history () , 2nd ed. . Los Altos , Calif. : Hermes Publications.
- Carlson , A. C. ( 1986 ). Gandhi and the comic frame . Quarterly Journal of Speech , 72 , 446 – 455 .
- Carlson , A. C. ( 1988 ). Limitations on the comic frame: Some witty American women of the nineteenth century . Quarterly Journal of Speech , 74 , 310 – 322 .
- Christiansen , A. E. , & Hanson , J. J. ( 1996 ). Comedy as the cure for tragedy: Act up and the rhetoric of AIDS . Quarterly Journal of Speech , 82 , 157 – 170 .
- Devlin , L. P. (2005). Contrasts in presidential campaign commercials of 2004. American Behavioral Scientist , 49, 279–313.
- Fleiss , J. L. ( 1981 ). Statistical methods for ratios and proportions . New York : Wiley .
- Garramone , G. M. ( 1985 ). Effects of negative political advertising: The roles of sponsor and rebuttal . Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media , 29 , 147 – 159 .
- Hubbard , B. ( 1998 ). Reassessing Truman, the bomb, and revisionism: The burlesque frame and entelechy in the decision to use atomic weapons against Japan . Western Journal of Communication , 62 , 346 – 385 .
- Jamieson , K. H. , Waldman , P. , & Sherr , S. ( 2000 ). Eliminate the negative? Categories of analysis for political advertisements . In J. A. Thurber , C. J. Nelson , & D. A. Dulio (Eds.), Crowed airwaves: Campaign advertising in elections (pp. 44 – 64 ). Washington , DC : Brookings Inst. Press.
- Johnson , T. J. , & Kaye , B. K. ( 2000 ). Using is believing: The influence of reliance on the credibility of online political information among politically interested Internet users . Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly , 77 , 865 – 879 .
- Johnson-Cartee , K. S. , & Copeland , G. ( 1989 ). Southern voter's reaction to negative political ads in 1986 election . Journalism Quarterly , 66 , 888 – 893, 986 .
- Johnston , A. , & Kaid , L. L. ( 2002 ). Image ads and issue ads in U.S. presidential advertising: Using videostyle to explore stylistic differences in televised political ads from 1952–2000 . Journal of Communication , 52 , 281 – 300 .
- Kaid , L. L. , & Johnston , A. ( 1991 ). Negative versus positive television advertising in U.S. presidential campaigns, 1960–1988 . Journal of Communication , 41 , 53 – 64 .
- Kaid , K. L. , & Postelnicu , M. ( 2005 ). Political advertising in the 2004 election: Comparison of traditional television and internet messages . American Behavioral Scientist , 49 , 265 – 278 .
- Kaylor , B. T. ( 2005 , April ). Savior, fool, or demagogue? Burkean frames surrounding the “Ten Commandments Judge.” Paper presented at 2005 Central States Communication Association , Kansas City , Missouri .
- Landis , J. R. , & Koch , G. G. ( 1977 ). The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data . Biometrica , 33 , 159 – 174 .
- Meirick , P. C. ( 2005 ). Political knowledge and sponsorship in backlash from party-and candidate-sponsored attacks . Communication Reports , 18 , 75 – 84 .
- Moore , M. P. ( 1992 ). “The Quayle quagmire”: Political campaigns in the poetic form of burlesque . Western Journal of Communication , 56 , 108 – 124 .
- Newburn , T. , & Jones , T. ( 2005 ). Symbolic politics and penal populism: The long shadow of Willie Horton . Crime Media Culture , 1 , 72 – 87 .
- O'Leary , S. D. ( 1993 ). A dramatic theory of apocalyptic rhetoric . Quarterly Journal of Speech , 79 , 385 – 426 .
- Pfau , M. , Park , D. , Hobert , R. L. , & Cho , J. ( 2001 ). The effects of party-and PAC-sponsored issue advertising and the potential of inoculation to combat its impact on the democratic process . American Behavioral Scientist , 44 , 2379 – 2397 .
- Preston , M. , & Sinderbrand , R. ( 2008 , February 5 ). Democrats dominate campaign ad spending . CNN. Retrieved March 2, 2008, from http://politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com/2008/02/05/democrats-dominate-campaign-ad-spending/
- Rybacki , K. C. , & Rybacki , D. J. ( 1995 ). Competition in the comic frame: A Burkean analysis of vintage sports car racing . Southern Communication Journal , 61 , 76 – 89 .
- The price of politics . ( 2004 , November 1 ). St. Petersburg Times , p. 5A . Retrieved September 14, 2005, from LexisNexis .