492
Views
17
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Role and Impact of Involvement and Enhanced Threat in Resistance

, , , , , , , & show all
Pages 1-18 | Published online: 08 Mar 2010

References

  • Asher , H. B. ( 1983 ) . Causal modeling , (2nd ed.) . Beverly Hills , CA : Sage .
  • Asher , H. B. ( 1984 ). Regression analysis . In H. B. Asher , H. F. Weisberg , J. H. Kessel , & W. P. Shively (Eds.), Theory-building and data analysis in the social sciences (pp. 237 – 261 ). Knoxville : University of Tennessee Press .
  • Becker , S. W. , Bavelas , A. , & Braden , M. ( 1961 ). An index to measure contingency of English sentences . Language and Speech , 4 , 138 – 154 .
  • Boninger , D. S. , Krosnick , J. A. , & Berent , M. K. ( 1995 ). Origins of attitude importance: Self-interest, social identification, and value relevance . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 68 , 61 – 80 .
  • Brock , T. C. ( 1967 ). Communication discrepancy and intent to persuade as determinants of counterarguing production . Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , 3 , 296 – 309 .
  • Burgoon , M. , Burgoon , J. K. , Riess , M. , Butler , J. , Montgomery , C. L. , et al. . ( 1976 ). Propensity of persuasive attack and intensity of pretreatment messages as predictors of resistance to persuasion . Journal of Psychology , 92 , 123 – 129 .
  • Burgoon , M. , Cohen , M. , Miller , M. D. , & Montgomery , C. L. ( 1978 ). An empirical test of a model of resistance to persuasion . Human Communication Research , 5 , 27 – 39 .
  • Chaiken , S. ( 1980 ). Heuristic versus systematic information processing and the use of source versus message cues in persuasion . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 39 , 752 – 766 .
  • Cho , H. , & Boster , F. J. ( 2005 ). Development and validation of value-, outcome-, and impression-relevant involvement scales . Communication Research , 32 , 235 – 264 .
  • Compton , J. , & Pfau , M. ( 2005 ). Inoculation theory of resistance to influence at maturity: Recent progress in theory development and application and suggestions for future research . In P. Kalbfleisch (Ed.), Communication Yearbook 29 (pp. 97 – 145 ). Newbury Park , CA : Sage .
  • Crano , W. D. ( 1997 ). Vested interest, symbolic politics, and attitude–behavior consistency . Journal of Personality & Social Psychology , 72 , 485 – 491 .
  • Crano , W. D. , & Prislin , R. ( 1995 ). Components of vested interest and attitude–behavior consistency . Basic and Applied Social Psychology , 17 , 1 – 21 .
  • Dillard , J. P. , Plotnick , C. A. , Godbold , L. C. , Freimuth , V. S. , & Edgar , T. ( 1996 ). The multiple affective outcome of AIDS PSAs: Fear appeals do more than scare people . Communication Research , 23 , 44 – 72 .
  • Fazio , R. H. , & Zanna , M. P. ( 1978 ). Attitudinal qualities relating to the strength of the attitude–behavior relationship . Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , 14 , 398 – 408 .
  • Johnson , B. T. , & Eagly , A. H. ( 1989 ). The effects of involvement on persuasion: A meta-analysis . Psychological Bulletin , 106 , 290 – 314 .
  • Kirk , R. E. ( 1995 ). Experimental design: Procedures for the behavioral sciences , (3rd ed.) . Pacific Grove, CA : Brooks/Cole .
  • Krosnick , J. A. , Boninger , C. S. , Chuang , Y. C. , Berent , M. K. , & Carnot , C. G. (1993). Attitude strength: One construct or many related constructs? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 65, 1132–1151.
  • Lazarus , R. S. ( 1991 ). Progress on a cognitive–motivational–relational theory of emotion . American Psychologist , 46 , 819 – 834 .
  • Levanthal , H. ( 1970 ). Findings and theory in the study of fear communication . In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 5 , pp. 119 – 186 ). New York : Academic .
  • Marshall , H. M. , Reinhart , A. M. , Feeley , T. H. , Tutzauer , F. , & Anker , A. ( 2008 ). Comparing college students' value-, outcome-, and impression-relevant involvement in health-related issues . Health Communication , 23 , 171 – 183 .
  • McGuire , W. J. ( 1961 ). Resistance to persuasion conferred by active and passive prior refutation of the same and alternative counterarguments . Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology , 63 , 326 – 332 .
  • McGuire , W. J. ( 1962 ). Persistence of the resistance to persuasion induced by various types of prior belief defenses . Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology , 64 , 241 – 248 .
  • McGuire , W. J. ( 1964 ). Inducing resistance to persuasion: Some contemporary approaches . In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 1 , pp. 191 – 229 ). New York : Academic .
  • McGuire , W. J. ( 1966 ). Persistence of the resistance to persuasion induced by various types of prior belief defenses . In C. W. Backman & P. F. Secord (Eds.), Problems in social psychology (pp. 128 – 135 ). New York : McGraw-Hill .
  • McGuire , W. J. ( 1970 ). A vaccine for brainwash . Psychology Today , 3 , 36–39 , 63 – 64 .
  • McGuire , W. J. , & Papageorgis , D. ( 1961 ). The relative efficacy of various types of prior belief-defense in producing immunity against persuasion . Journal of Abnormal Social Psychology , 62 , 327 – 337 .
  • McGuire , W. J. , & Papageorgis , D. ( 1962 ). Effectiveness of forewarning in developing resistance to persuasion . Public Opinion Quarterly , 26 , 24 – 34 .
  • Osterhouse , R. A. , & Brock , T. C. ( 1970 ). Distraction increases yielding to propagandaref by inhibiting counterarguing . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 15 , 344 – 358 .
  • Papageorgis , D. , & McGuire , W. J. ( 1961 ). The generality of immunity to persuasion produced by pre-exposure to weakened counterarguments . Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology , 62 , 475 – 481 .
  • Petty , R. E. , & Cacioppo , J. T. ( 1979 ). Issue involvement can increase or decrease persuasion by enhancing message-relevant cognitive responses . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 37 , 1915 – 1926 .
  • Petty , R. E. , & Cacioppo , J. T. ( 1986 ) . Communication and persuasion: Central and peripheral routes to attitude change . New York : Springer-Verlag .
  • Petty , R. E. , Wells , G. L. , & Brock , T. C. ( 1976 ). Distraction can enhance or reduce yielding to propaganda: Thought disruption versus effort justification . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 34 , 874 – 884 .
  • Pfau , M. , & Burgoon , M. ( 1988 ). Inoculation in political campaign communication . Human Communication Research , 15 , 91 – 111 .
  • Pfau , M. , Compton , J. , Parker , K. A. , Wittenberg , E. M. , An , C. , et al. . ( 2004 ). The traditional explanation for resistance versus attitude accessibility: Do they trigger distinct or overlapping processes of resistance? Human Communication Research , 30 , 329 – 360 .
  • Pfau , M. , Ivanov , B. , Houston , B. , Haigh , M. , Sims , J. , et al. . ( 2005 ). Inoculation and mental processing: The instrumental role of associative networks in the process of resistance to counterattitudinal influence . Communication Monographs , 72 , 414 – 441 .
  • Pfau , M. , Kenski , H. C. , Nitz , M. , & Sorenson , J. ( 1990 ). Efficacy of inoculation strategies in promoting resistance to political attack messages: Application to direct mail . Communication Monographs , 57 , 25 – 43 .
  • Pfau , M. , Roskos-Ewoldsen , D. , Wood , M. , Yin , S. , Cho , J. , et al.. (2003). Attitude accessibility as an alternative explanation for how inoculation confers resistance. Communication Monographs , 70, 39–51.
  • Pfau , M. , Semmler , S. , Deatrick , L. , Mason , A. , Nisbett , G. , et al. . ( 2009 ). Nuances about the role and impact of affect in inoculation . Communication Monographs , 76 , 73 – 98 .
  • Pfau , M. , Szabo , E. A. , Anderson , J. , Morrill , J. , Zubric , J. , & Wan , H.-H. ( 2001 ). The role and impact of affect in the process of resistance to persuasion . Human Communication Research , 27 , 216 – 252 .
  • Pfau , M. , Tusing , K. J. , Koerner , A. F. , Lee , W. , Godbold , L. C. , et al. . ( 1997 ). Enriching the inoculation construct: The role of critical components in the process of resistance . Human Communication Research , 24 , 187 – 215 .
  • Potter , W. J. , & Levine-Donnerstein , D. ( 1999 ). Rethinking validity and reliability in content analysis . Journal of Applied Communication Research , 27 , 258 – 284 .
  • Rosenthal , R. ( 1984 ) . Meta-analytic procedures for social research . Beverly Hills , CA : Sage .
  • Rosenthal , R. ( 1987 ) . Judgment studies: Design, analysis, and meta-analysis . Cambridge , England : Cambridge University Press .
  • Scott , W. A. ( 1955 ). Reliability of content analysis: The case of nominal scale coding . Public Opinion Quarterly , 19 , 321 – 325 .
  • Smith , B. A. , & Dillard , J. P. ( 1997 , November ). Affect and persuasion: Evidence for cognitive coloration of message processing . Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National Communication Association, Chicago .
  • Tormala , Z. L. , & Petty , R. E. ( 2002 ). What doesn't kill me makes me stronger: The effects of resisting persuasion on attitude certainty . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 83 , 1298 – 1313 .
  • Traylor , M. B. ( 1981 ). Product involvement and brand commitment . Journal of Advertising , 21 , 51 – 56 .
  • Witte , K. ( 1992 ). Putting fear back into fear appeals: The extended parallel process model . Communication Monographs , 59 , 329 – 349 .
  • Zaichkowsky , J. L. ( 1985 ). Measuring the involvement construct . Journal of Consumer Research , 12 , 341 – 352 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.