FAIR and the PBS NewsHour: Assessing Diversity and Elitism in News Sourcing

References

• ABC Radio . ( 2007 , May 10 ). Media report: A conversation with Jim Lehrer . Retrieved from http://www.abc.net.au/rn/mediareport/stories/2007/1914452.htm
   Google Scholar
• Baker , B. ( 1999 , August 12 ). Liberal-dominated PBS is represented by the NewsHour's discussion with four regular essayists on what issues should be front and center in the 2000 campaign . CyberAlert , 4 ( 141 ). Retrieved from http://www.mrc.org/cyberalerts/1999/cyb19990812.asp#4
   Google Scholar
• Barsamian , D. ( 2001 ). The decline and fall of public broadcasting . Cambridge , MA : South End Press .
   Google Scholar
• Begley , S. , Conant , E. , Stein , S. , Clift , E. , & Philips , M. ( 2007 , August 13 ). The truth about denial . Newsweek , 150 ( 7 ), 20 – 29 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bode , K. A. ( 2006 ). CPB ombudsmen reports: “Are you on the NewsHour's guestlist?” It's a FAIR question . Retrieved from http://www.cpb.org/ombudsmen/display.php?id=17
   Google Scholar
• Bullert , B. ( 1998 , September 18 ). Public TV: Safe programming and Faustian bargains . Chronicle of Higher Education , 45 ( 4 ), B7 .
   Google Scholar
• Burke , J. E. ( 1972 ). The Public Broadcasting Act of 1967 Part III: Congressional action and final passage . Educational Broadcasting Review , 6 , 251 – 266 .
   Google Scholar
• Buss , T. F. , & Buss , N. J. ( 2006 ). The Internet, politics, and democracy . In T. F. Buss , R. F. Stevens , & K. Guo (Eds.), Modernizing democracy: Innovations in citizen participation (pp. 263 – 331 ). Armonk , NY : Sharpe . Retrieved from http://site.ebrary.com/lib/nsulib/Doc?id=10178136
   Google Scholar
• Carnegie Commission on Educational Television . ( 1967 ). Public television, a program for action: The report and recommendations of the Carnegie Commission on Educational Television . New York : Harper & Row .
   Google Scholar
• Croteau , D. , & Hoynes , W. ( 1994 ). By invitation only: How the media limit political debate . Monroe , ME : Common Courage .
   Google Scholar
• Croteau , D. , Hoynes , W. , & Carragee , K. M. ( 1996 ). The political diversity of public television . Journalism & Mass Communication Monographs , 157 , 1 – 55 .
   Google Scholar
• Croteau , D. , Hoynes , W. , & Carragee , K. M. ( 1993 , September/October ). Public television & the missing public . Extra! , 6 ( 6 ), 6 – 14 .
   Google Scholar
• Democracy Now . ( 2008 ). About Democracy Now! Retrieved from http://www.democracynow.org/about
   Google Scholar
• DiNovella , E. ( 2008 , February ). Amy Goodman . The Progressive , 72 ( 2 ), 35 – 39 .
   Google Scholar
• Engelman , R. ( 1996 ). Public radio and television in America: A political history . Thousand Oaks , CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Farrand , M. ( 1999 , June ). Slanted sources in Kosovo coverage: A study of Nightline and the NewsHour . Extra! Update , 12 , p. 1 .
   Google Scholar
• Gabriel , J. (1998). Whitewash: Racialised politics and the media . Florence , KY : Routledge. Retrieved from http://site.ebrary.com/lib/nsulib/Doc?id=5001548
   Google Scholar
• Getler , M. ( 2006 , October 6 ). PBS ombudsman: A FAIR analysis? Retrieved from http://www.pbs.org/ombudsman/2006/10/a_fair_analysis.html
   Google Scholar
• Goad , K. ( 1990 , November 11 ). Jim Lehrer: The hot-blooded half of public television's talking heads . The Dallas Morning News , p. 1E .
   Google Scholar
• Goodman , A. ( 2006 , November 5 ). Beyond the nine-second sound bite . Seattle Post-Intelligencer , p. D4 .
   Google Scholar
• Goodman , A. ( 2007 , February ). Looking back, looking forward: A different kind of media . Extra! , 20 ( 1 ), 27 – 28 .
   Google Scholar
• Goodman , W. ( 1990 , May 28 ). Critic's notebook: Watchdog group criticizes 2 news programs . The New York Times , p. 40 .
   Google Scholar
• Hennessee , J. ( 1976 , April 4 ). The MacNeil Report: TV's other news show . The New York Times , p. D25 .
   Google Scholar
• Holsti , O. R. ( 1969 ). Content analysis for the social sciences and humanities . Reading , MA : Addison-Wesley .
   Google Scholar
• Hoynes , W. ( 1994 ). Public television for sale: Media, the market, and the public sphere. Critical studies in communication and in the cultural industries . Boulder , CO : Westview .
   Google Scholar
• Hoynes , W. ( 1999 , September/October ). The cost of survival: Political discourse and the new PBS , Extra! , 12 ( 5 ), 11 – 19 .
   Google Scholar
• Hoynes , W. ( 2005 ). Media research and media activism . In D. Croteau , W. Hoynes , & C. Ryan (Eds.), Rhyming hope and history: Activists, academics, and social movement scholarship. Social movements, protest, and contention (vol. 24 , pp. 97 – 114 ). Minneapolis : University of Minnesota Press .
   Google Scholar
• Hoynes , W. ( 2006 , February ). Consider the source . Extra! , 19 ( 1 ), 12 – 14 .
   Google Scholar
• Hoynes , W. ( 2007 ). Public broadcasting for the 21st century: Notes on an agenda for reform . Critical Studies in Media Communication , 24 , 370 – 376 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoynes , W. , & Croteau , D. ( 1990 , Winter ). All the usual suspects . Extra! , 3 ( 7 ), 2 – 15 .
   Google Scholar
• Iman , R. L. , & Conover , W. J. ( 1983 ). A modern approach to statistics . New York : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Irving , D. ( 2006 ). Yes Virginia, there is media bias . Retrieved from http://www.aim.org/don-irvine-blog/yes-virginia-there-is-media-bias/
   Google Scholar
• Jones , A. ( 2002 ). Website review FAIR (www.fair.org) . Journalism Studies , 3 , 137 – 138 .
   Google Scholar
• Landis , J. R. , & Koch , G. G. ( 1977 ). An application of hierarchical kappa-type statistics in the assessment of majority agreement among multiple observers . Biometrics , 33 , 363 – 374 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ledbetter , J. ( 1997 ). Made possible by…. The death of public broadcasting in the United States . New York : Verso .
   Google Scholar
• MacNeil/Lehrer Productions . ( 2006 ). Our history . Retrieved from http://www.macneil-lehrer.com/about/history.html
   Google Scholar
• McChesney , R. W. ( 2004 ). The problem of the media: U.S. communication politics in the twenty-first century . New York : Monthly Review Press .
   Google Scholar
• McChesney , R. W. , & Nichols , J. ( 2002 ). Our media, not theirs: The democratic struggle against corporate media . New York : Seven Stories .
   Google Scholar
• Michaels , D. ( 2007 ). Doubt is their product: How industry scientists manufacture uncertainty and threaten your health . New York : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Nijhuis , M. ( 2008 , June/July ). The doubt makers . Miller–McCune , 1 ( 2 ), 27 – 35 .
   Google Scholar
• Online NewsHour . ( 2009 ). About us . Retrieved from http://www.pbs.org/newshour/aboutus/history.html
   Google Scholar
• Ostrow , J. ( 1990 , September 12 ). Jim Lehrer seeks “journalist” label, not social reformer . The Denver Post , p. 1E .
   Google Scholar
• Ouellette , L. ( 2002 ). Viewers like you?: How public TV failed the people . New York : Columbia University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Passel , J. , & Cohn , D. (2005). Immigration to play lead role in future U.S. growth . Pew Research Center. Retrieved from http://pewresearch.org/pubs/729/united-states-population-projections
   Google Scholar
• Project for Excellence in Journalism . ( 2009 ). The state of the news media 2009: An annual report on American journalism . Retrieved from http://www.stateofthemedia.org/2009/narrative_networktv_pbs.php?media=6&cat=8
   Google Scholar
• Public Broadcasting Service . ( 2005 ). PBS editorial standards & policies . Retrieved from http://www.pbs.org/aboutpbs/aboutpbs_standards.html
   Google Scholar
• Q&A Jim Lehrer . ( 2000 , May 21 ). The Cincinnati Enquirer , p. 1E .
   Google Scholar
• Ratner , L. ( 2005 , May 23 ). Amy Goodman's “empire” . The Nation , 280 ( 20 ), 27 – 31 .
   Google Scholar
• Reese , S. , Grant , A. , & Danielian , L. ( 1994 ). The structure of news sources on television: A network analysis of ‘CBS News,’ ‘Nightline,’ ‘MacNeil/Lehrer,’ and ‘This Week with David Brinkley.’ Journal of Communication , 44 ( 2 ), 84 – 107 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rendall , S. , & Hollar , J. ( 2006 , October ). Are you on the NewsHour's guestlist? Extra! , 19 ( 5 ), 20 – 25 .
   Google Scholar
• Riffe , D. , Lacy , S. , & Fico , F. G. ( 1998 ). Analyzing media messages: Using quantitative content analysis in research . Mahwah , NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc .
   Google Scholar
• Scott , D. K. , Gobetz , R. H. , & Chanslor , M. ( 2008 ). Chain versus independent television station ownership: Toward an investment model of commitment to local news quality . Communication Studies , 59 , 84 – 98 .
   Google Scholar
• Scott , W. A. ( 1955 ). Reliability of content analysis: The case of nominal scale coding . Public Opinion Quarterly , 19 , 321 – 325 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seib , P. ( 1994 ). Campaigns and conscience: The ethics of political journalism . Westport , CT : Greenwood . Retrieved from http://site.ebrary.com/lib/nsulib/Doc?id=10002027
   Google Scholar
• Singletary , M. ( 1994 ). Mass communication research: Contemporary methods and applications . White Plains , NY : Longman .
   Google Scholar
• Soloman , N. ( 1996 , March/April ). The deformation of “reform” . Extra! , 9 ( 2 ), 16 – 17 .
   Google Scholar
• Spreading the Word: Democracy Now is Cheap, True, Non-Corporate News . ( 2008 , January 1 ). Le Monde Diplomatique , p. 12 .
   Google Scholar
• Starr , J. M. ( 2000 ). Air wars: The fight to reclaim public broadcasting . Boston : Beacon .
   Google Scholar
• Sussman , G. ( 2003 , May ). The struggle for and within public television . Television & New Media , 4 , 111 – 115 .
   Google Scholar
• United States . ( 1967 ). Public Television Act of 1967 hearings before the United States House Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce, Ninetieth Congress, First Session, on July 11–14, 17–21, 1967 . Washington , DC : U.S. Government Printing Office .
   Google Scholar
• Wimmer , R. D. , & Dominick , J. R. ( 2000 ). Mass media research: An introduction . Belmont , CA : Wadsworth .
   Google Scholar