6,294
Views
37
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Individual Differences in the Communication of Romantic Interest: Development of the Flirting Styles Inventory

, , &
Pages 365-393 | Published online: 29 Nov 2010

References

  • Abbey , A. ( 1982 ). Sex differences in attributions for friendly behavior: Do males misperceive females' friendliness? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 42 , 830 – 838 .
  • Abbey , A. ( 1987 ). Misperceptions of friendly behavior as sexual interest: A survey of naturally occurring incidents . Psychology of Women Quarterly , 11 , 173 – 194 .
  • Abbey , A. , & Melby , C. ( 1986 ). The effects of nonverbal cues on gender differences in perceptions of sexual intent . Sex Roles , 15 , 283 – 298 .
  • Aron , E. N. ( 2004 ). The impact of adult temperament on closeness and intimacy . In D. J. Mashek & A. P. Aron (Eds.), Handbook of closeness and intimacy (pp. 267 – 286 ). Mahwah , NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc .
  • Bale , C. , Morrison , R. , & Caryl , P. G. (2006). Chat-up lines as male sexual displays. Personality and Individual Differences , 40, 655–664.
  • Barbuto , J. E. , & Moss , J. A. ( 2006 ). Dispositional effects in intra-organizational influence tactics: A meta-analytic review . Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies , 12 , 30 – 52 .
  • Barelds , D. P. H. , & Barelds-Dijkstra , P. ( 2007 ). Love at first sight or friends first? Ties among partner personality trait similarity, relationship onset, relationship quality, and love . Journal of Social and Personal Relationships , 24 , 479 – 496 .
  • Berger , C. R. ( 1977 ). Interpersonal communication theory and research: An overview . In B. D. Ruben (Ed.), Communication Yearbook 1 (pp. 217 – 228 ). New Brunswick , NJ : Transaction Books .
  • Berger , C. R. ( 1997 ). Planning strategic interaction: Attaining goals through communicative action . Mahwah , NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc .
  • Brandt , D. R. ( 1979 ). On linking social performance with social competence: Some relations between communicative style and attributions of interpersonal attractiveness and effectiveness . Human Communication Research , 5 , 223 – 237 .
  • Buss , D. M. , & Schmitt , D. P. ( 1993 ). Sexual strategies theory: An evolutionary perspective on human mating . Psychological Review , 100 , 204 – 232 .
  • Byrne , B. M. ( 1998 ). Structural equation modeling with LISREL, PRELIS, and SIMPLIS: Basic concept, applications, and programming . Mahwah , NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc .
  • Clark , C. L. , Shaver , P. R. , & Abrahams , M. F. ( 1999 ). Strategic behaviors in romantic relationship initiation . Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , 25 , 709 – 722 .
  • Clark , R. A. , Dockum , M. , Hazeu , H. , Huang , M. , Luo , N. , et al. . ( 2004 ). Initial encounters of young men and women: Impressions and disclosure estimates . Sex Roles , 50 , 699 – 710 .
  • Cooper , M. , O'Donnell , D. , Caryl , P. G. , Morrison , R. , & Bale , C. ( 2007 ). Chat-up lines as male displays: Effects of content, sex, and personality . Personality and Individual Differences , 43 , 1075 – 1085 .
  • Cunningham , M. R. ( 1989 ). Reactions to heterosexual opening gambits: Female selectivity and male responsiveness . Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , 15 , 27 – 41 .
  • De Weerth , C. , & Kalma , A. ( 1995 ). Gender differences in awareness of courtship initiation tactics . Sex Roles , 32 , 717 – 734 .
  • Dillard , J. P. , Solomon , D. H. , & Palmer , M. T. ( 1999 ). Structuring the concept of relational communication . Communication Monographs , 66 , 49 – 65 .
  • Dillard , J. P. , Solomon , D. H. , & Samp , J. A. ( 1996 ). Framing social reality: The relevance of relational judgments . Communication Research , 23 , 703 – 723 .
  • Fabrigar , L. R. , Wegener , D. T. , MacCallum , R. C. , & Strahan , E. J. ( 1999 ). Evaluating the use of exploratory factor analysis in psychological research . Psychological Methods , 4 , 272 – 299 .
  • Floyd , F. J. , & Widaman , K. F. ( 1995 ). Factor analysis in the development and refinement of clinical assessment instruments . Psychological Assessment , 7 , 286 – 299 .
  • Gangestad , S. W. , & Simpson , J. A. ( 1990 ). Toward an evolutionary history of female sociosexual variation . Journal of Personality , 58 , 69 – 96 .
  • Gangestad , S. W. , & Snyder , M. ( 2000 ). Self-monitoring: Appraisal and reappraisal . Psychological Bulletin , 126 , 530 – 555 .
  • Grammer , K. , Honda , M. , Juette , A. , & Schmitt , A. ( 1999 ). Fuzziness of non-verbal courtship communication unblurred by motion energy detection . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 77 , 487 – 508 .
  • Grammer , K. , Kruck , K. , Juette , A. , & Fink , B. ( 2000 ). Non-verbal behavior as courtship signals: The role of control and choice in selecting partners . Evolution and Human Behavior , 21 , 371 – 390 .
  • Hall , J. A. , Cody , M. J. , Jackson , G. L. , & Flesh , J. O. ( 2008 , May ). Beauty and the flirt: Attractiveness and opening lines in date initiation . Paper presented at the International Communication Association conference in Montreal , Canada .
  • Hall , J. A. , Park , N. , Song , H. , & Cody , M. J. (2010). Strategic misrepresentation in online dating: The effects of gender, self-monitoring, and personality traits. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships , 27, 117–135.
  • Hendrick , C. , & Hendrick , S. ( 1986 ). A theory and method of love . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 50 , 392 – 402 .
  • Henningsen , D. D. ( 2004 ). Flirting with meaning: An examination of miscommunication in flirting interactions . Sex Roles , 50 , 481 – 489 .
  • Hess , J. A. , Fannin , A. D. , & Pollom , L. H. ( 2007 ). Creating closeness: Discerning and measuring strategies for fostering closer relationships . Personal Relationships , 14 , 25 – 44 .
  • Impett , E. A. , & Peplau , L. A. ( 2003 ). Sexual compliance: Gender, motivational, and relationship perspectives . Journal of Sex Research , 40 , 87 – 100 .
  • Jöreskog , K. , & Sörbom , D. ( 1996 ). LISREL 8: User's reference guide . Lincolnwood , IL : Scientific Software International .
  • Kellermann , K. ( 1992 ). Communication: Inherently strategic and primarily automatic . Communication Monographs , 59 , 288 – 300 .
  • Kleinke , C. L. , Meeker , F. B. , & Staneski , R. A. ( 1986 ). Preference for opening lines: Comparing ratings by men and women . Sex Roles , 15 , 585 – 600 .
  • Koeppel , L. B. , Montagne-Miller , Y. , O'Hair , D. , & Cody , M. J. ( 1993 ). Friendly? Flirting? Wrong? In P. J. Kalbfleisch (Ed.), Interpersonal communication: Evolving interpersonal relationships (pp. 13 – 32 ). Hillsdale , NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc .
  • Kunkel , A. D. , Wilson , S. R. , Olufowote , J. , & Robson , S. ( 2003 ). Identifying implications of influence goals: Initiating, intensifying, and ending romantic relationships . Western Journal of Communication , 67 , 382 – 412 .
  • Langlois , J. H. , Kalakanis , L. , Rubenstein , A. J. , Lavson , A. , Hallam , M. , & Smoot , J. ( 2000 ). Maxims or myths of beauty? A meta-analytic and theoretical review . Psychological Bulletin , 126 , 390 – 423 .
  • Leary , M. R. ( 1995 ). Self-presentation . Boulder , CO : Westview .
  • Li , N. P. , Bailey , J. M. , Kenrick , D. T. , & Linsenmeier , J. A. W. ( 2002 ). The necessities and luxuries of mate preference: Testing the tradeoffs . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 82 , 947 – 955 .
  • Marston , P. J. , & Hecht , M L. ( 1994 ). Love ways: An elaboration and application to relational maintenance . In D. J. Canary & L. Stafford (Eds.), Communication and relational maintenance (pp. 187 – 202 ). San Diego , CA : Academic .
  • Martin , D. M. , Rich , C. O. , & Gayle , B. M. ( 2004 ). Communicator style and humor functions in manager/subordinate relationships . Southern Communication Journal , 69 , 206 – 222 .
  • McDaniel , A. K. ( 2005 ). Young women's dating behavior: Why/why not date a nice guy? Sex Roles , 53 , 347 – 359 .
  • Mongeau , P. A. , & Johnson , K. L. ( 1995 ). Predicting cross-sex first-date sexual expectations and involvement: Contextual and individual difference factors . Personal Relationships , 2 , 301 – 312 .
  • Mongeau , P. A. , Serewicz , M. C. M. , Henningsen , M. L. M. , & Davis , K. L. ( 2006 ). Sex differences in the transition to a heterosexual romantic relationship . In K. Dindia & D. J. Canary (Eds.), Sex differences and similarities in communication , 2nd ed. , (pp. 337 – 358 ). Mahwah , NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc .
  • Mongeau , P. A. , Serewicz , M. C. M. , & Therrien , L. F. ( 2004 ). Goals for cross-sex first dates: Identification, measurement, and the influence of contextual factors . Communication Monographs , 71 , 121 – 147 .
  • Moore , M. M. ( 1985 ). Nonverbal courtship patters in women: Context and consequences . Ethology & Sociobiology , 6 , 237 – 247 .
  • Moore , M. M. ( 2002 ). Courtship communication and perception . Perceptual and Motor Skills , 94 , 97 – 105 .
  • Nettle , D. , & Clegg , H. (2008). Personality, mating strategies, and mating intelligence. In G. Geher & G. Miller (Eds.), Mating intelligence: Sex, relationships, and the mind's reproductive system (pp. 121–134). Mahwah , NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
  • Norton , R. W. ( 1976 ). Foundation of a communicator style construct . Human Communication Research , 4 , 99 – 112 .
  • Norton , R. W. ( 1983 ). Communicator style: Theory, applications, and measures . Newbury Park , CA : Sage .
  • Norton , R. W. , & Pettigrew , L. ( 1978 ). Attentiveness as a style variable . Communication Monographs , 46 , 257 – 282 .
  • O'Farrell , K. J. , Rosenthal , E. V. , & O'Neal , E. C. ( 2003 ). Relationship satisfaction and responsiveness to nonmates' flirtation: Testing an evolutionary explanation . Journal of Social and Personal Relationships , 20 , 663 – 674 .
  • Oliver , M. B. , & Hyde , J. S. ( 1993 ). Gender differences in sexuality: A meta-analysis . Psychological Bulletin , 114 , 29 – 51 .
  • O'Sullivan , M. ( 2008 ). Deception and self-deception as strategies in short- and long-term mating . In G. Geher & G. Miller (Eds.), Mating intelligence: Sex, relationships, and the mind's reproductive system (pp. 135 – 157 ). Mahwah , NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc .
  • Regan , P. C. , & Dreyer , C. S. ( 1999 ). Lust? Love? Status? Young adults' motives for engaging in casual sex . Journal of Psychology & Human Sexuality , 11 , 1 – 18 .
  • Regan , P. C. , Levin , L. , Sprecher , S. , Christopher , F. S. , & Cate , R. ( 2000 ). Partner preferences What characteristics do men and women desire in their short-term sexual and long-term romantic partners? Journal of Psychology & Human Sexuality , 12 , 1 – 18 .
  • Rose , S. , & Frieze , I H. ( 1993 ). Young singles' contemporary dating scripts . Sex Roles , 28 , 499 – 509 .
  • Russell , D. ( 2002 ). In search of underlying dimensions: The use (and abuse) of factor analysis in PSPB . Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , 28 , 1629 – 1646 .
  • Sanderson , C. A. ( 2004 ). The link between the pursuit of intimacy goals and satisfaction in close relationships: An examination of the underlying processes . In D. J. Mashek & A. P. Aron (Eds.), Handbook of closeness and intimacy (pp. 247 – 266 ). Mahwah , NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc .
  • Sanderson , C. A. , & Cantor , N. ( 1995 ). Social dating goals in late adolescence: Implications for safe sexual activity . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 68 , 1121 – 1134 .
  • Sanderson , C. A. , Keiter , E. J. , Miles , M. G. , & Yopyk , D. J. A. ( 2007 ). The association between intimacy goals and plans for initiating dating relationships . Personal Relationships , 14 , 225 – 243 .
  • Schmitt , D. P. ( 2004 ). The big five related to risky sexual behavior across 10 world regions: Differential personality associations of sexual promiscuity and relationship infidelity . European Journal of Personality , 18 , 301 – 319 .
  • Schmitt , D. P. ( 2005 ). Fundamentals of human mating strategies . In D. M. Buss (Ed.), The evolutionary psychology handbook (pp. 258 – 291 ). New York : Wiley .
  • Simpson , J. A. , Gangestad , S. W. , & Biek , M. ( 1993 ). Personality and nonverbal social behavior: An ethological perspective of relationship initiation . Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , 29 , 434 – 461 .
  • Singh , D. ( 2004 ). Mating strategies of young women: Role of physical attractiveness . Journal of Sex Research , 41 , 43 – 54 .
  • Smith , S. W. , Cody , M. J. , LoVette , S. , & Canary , D. J. ( 1990 ). Self-monitoring, gender, and compliance-gaining goals . In M. J. Cody & M. L. McLaughlin (Eds.), The psychology of tactical communication (pp. 91 – 135 ). Clevedon , England : Multilingual Matters .
  • Snyder , M. ( 1987 ). Public appearances, private realities: The psychology of self-monitoring . New York : Freeman .
  • Snyder , M. , & Gangestad , S. ( 1986 ). On the nature of self-monitoring: Matters of assessment, matters of validity . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 51 , 125 – 139 .
  • Solomon , D. H. (2007). A relational framing perspective on perceptions of social–sexual communication at work. In R. M. Daily & B. A. Le Poire (Eds.), Applied interpersonal communication matters (pp. 271–298). New York : Peter Lang.
  • Spitzberg , B. H. , & Dillard , J. P. ( 2002 ). Social skills and communication . In M. Allen , R. W. Preiss , B. M. Gayle & N. A. Burrell (Eds.), Interpersonal communication research: Advances through meta-analysis (pp. 89 – 107 ). Mahwah , NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc .
  • Trost , M. R. , & Alberts , J. K. ( 2006 ). How men and women communicate attraction: An evolutionary view . In K. Dindia & D. J. Canary (Eds.), Sex differences and similarities in communication , 2nd ed. , (pp. 317 – 336 ). Mahwah , NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc .
  • Urbaniak , G. C. , & Kilmann , P. R. ( 2003 ). Physical attractiveness and the “nice guy paradox”: Do nice guys really finish last? Sex Roles , 49 , 413 – 426 .
  • Viki , G. T. , Abrams , D. , & Hutchison , P. ( 2003 ). The “true” romantic: Benevolent sexism and paternalistic chivalry . Sex Roles , 49 , 533 – 537 .
  • Weaver , S. J. , & Herold , E. S. ( 2000 ). Casual sex and women: Measurement and motivational issues . Journal of Psychology & Human Sexuality , 12 , 23 – 41 .
  • Webster , C. ( 2005 ). Service providers' communication style and customer satisfaction . Business Review: Cambridge , 3 , 291 – 297 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.