3,548
Views
20
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

“That's Gay”: Sexual Prejudice, Gender Identity, Norms, and Homophobic Communication

&
Pages 35-58 | Published online: 30 Jan 2012

References

  • Baumeister , R. F. ( 1995 ). Self and identity: An introduction . In A. Tesser (Ed.), Advanced social psychology (pp. 51 – 98 ). Boston , MA : McGraw-Hill .
  • Bohan , J. S. ( 1996 ). Psychology and sexual orientation . New York , NY : Routledge .
  • Bosson , J. K. , Prewitt-Freilino , J. L. , & Taylor , J. N. ( 2005 ). Role rigidity: A problem of identity misclassification? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 89 , 552 – 565 . doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.89.4.552
  • Burn , S. M. ( 2000 ). Heterosexuals' use of “fag” and “queer” to deride one another: A contributor to heterosexism and stigma . Journal of Homosexuality , 40 , 1 – 11 . doi: 10.1300/J082v40n02_01
  • Coates , J. ( 2003 ). Men talk: Stories in the making of masculinities . Malden , MA : Blackwell .
  • Connell , R. W. ( 1995 ). Masculinities . Sydney , Australia : Allen & Unwin .
  • Connell , R. W. (2002). Gender . Malden , MA : Polity Press.
  • Cooper , J. , Kelly , K. A. , & Weaver , K. ( 2001 ). Attitudes, norms, and social groups . In M. A. Hogg & R. S. Tindale (Eds.), Blackwell handbook of social psychology: Group processes (pp. 259 – 282 ). Malden , MA : Blackwell .
  • Curry , T. J. ( 2003 ). Fraternal bonding in the locker room: A profeminist analysis of talk about competition and women . In M. S. Kimmel & M. A. Messner (Eds.), Men's lives ( , 6th ed. , pp. 204 – 217 ). Boston , MA : Pearson . ( Reprinted from Sociology of Sport Journal, 1991, 8(2) , 119 – 135 .)
  • Floyd , K. ( 2000 ). Affectionate same-sex touch: Understanding the influence of homophobia on observers' interpretations of perceptions . Journal of Social Psychology , 140 , 774 – 788 . doi: 10.1080/00224540009600516
  • Floyd , K. , & Morman , M. T. ( 2000 ). Reacting to the verbal communication of affection in same-sex interaction . Southern Communication Journal , 65 , 287 – 299 . doi: 10.1080/10417940009373177
  • Haaga , D. A. ( 1991 ). Homophobia? Journal of Social Behavior and Personality , 6 , 171 – 174 .
  • Hall , J. A. ( 2006 ). How big are nonverbal sex differences? The case of smiling and nonverbal sensitivity . In K. Dindia & D. J. Canary (Eds.), Sex differences and similarities in communication ( , 2nd ed. , pp. 59 – 81 ). Mahwah , NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
  • Hall , J. A. , & Carter , J. D. ( 1996 ). Gender-stereotype accuracy as an individual difference . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 77 , 350 – 359 . doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.77.2.350
  • Hall , J. A. , & La France , B. H. ( 2007 ). Attitudes and communication of homophobia in fraternities: Separating the impact of social adjustment function from hetero-identity concern . Communication Quarterly , 55 , 39 – 60 . doi: 10.1080/01463370600998673
  • Herek , G. M. ( 1988 ). Heterosexuals' attitudes toward lesbians and gay men: Correlates and gender differences . Journal of Sex Research , 25 , 451 – 477 . doi: 10.1080/00224498809551476
  • Herek , G. M. ( 1994 ). Assessing heterosexuals' attitudes toward lesbians and gay men . In B. Greene & G. M. Herek (Eds.), Lesbian and gay psychology: Theory, research, and clinical applications (pp. 206 – 228 ). Thousand Oaks , CA : Sage .
  • Herek , G. M. ( 2000a ). The psychology of sexual prejudice . Current Directions in Psychological Science , 9 , 19 – 22 . doi: 10.1111/1467-8721.00051
  • Herek , G. M. ( 2000b ). Sexual prejudice and gender: Do heterosexuals' attitudes toward lesbians and gay men differ? Journal of Social Issues , 56 , 251 – 266 . doi: 10.1111/0022–4537.00164
  • Herek , G. M. ( 2007 ). Confronting sexual stigma and prejudice: Theory and practice . Journal of Social Issues , 63 , 905 – 925 . doi: 10.1111/j.1540-4560.2007.00544.x
  • Hogg , M. A. ( 2001 ). Social categorization, depersonalization, and group behavior . In M. A. Hogg & R. S. Tindale (Eds.), Blackwell handbook of social psychology: Group processes (pp. 56 – 85 ). Malden , MA : Blackwell .
  • Hogg , M. A. , & Reid , S. A. ( 2006 ). Social identity, self-categorization, and the communication of group norms . Communication Theory , 16 , 7 – 30 . doi: 10.1111/j.1468–2885.2006.00003.x
  • Hogg , M. A. , & Tindale , R. S. ( 2005 ). Social identity, influence, and communication in small groups . In J. Harwood & H. Giles (Eds.), Intergroup communication: Multiple perspectives (pp. 141 – 164 ). New York , NY : Peter Lang .
  • Hudson , W. , & Ricketts , W. ( 1980 ). A strategy for the measurement of homophobia . Journal of Homosexuality , 5 , 357 – 372 . doi: 10.1300/J082v05n04_02
  • Hunter , J. E. , & Gerbing , D. W. ( 1982 ). Unidimensional measurement, second-order factor analysis, and causal models . Research in Organizational Behavior , 4 , 267 – 320 .
  • Hunter , J. E. , & Hamilton , M. A. ( 1995 ). A least squares path analysis program . East Lansing , MI : Michigan State University, Department of Psychology .
  • Kimmel , M. S. ( 2003 ). Masculinity as homophobia . In M. S. Kimmel & A. L. Ferber (Eds.), Privilege: A reader (pp. 51 – 74 ). Boulder , CO : Westview .
  • MacDonald , A. P. ( 1976 ). Homophobia: Its roots and meanings . Homosexual Counsel , 3 , 23 – 33 .
  • Messner , M. A. (2002). Taking the field: Women, men, and sports . Minneapolis , MN : University of Minnesota Press.
  • Moradi , B. , van den Berg , J. J. , & Epting , F. R. ( 2006 ). Intrapersonal and interpersonal manifestations of antilesbian and gay prejudice: An application of personal construct theory . Journal of Counseling Psychology , 53 , 57 – 66 . doi: 10.1037/0022-0167.53.1.57
  • Morman , M. T. , & Floyd , K. ( 1998 ). “I love you, man”: Overt expressions of affection in male–male interaction . Sex Roles , 38 , 871 – 881 .
  • Noel , J. G. , Wann , D. L. , & Branscombe , N. R. ( 1995 ). Peripheral ingroup membership status and public negativity toward outgroups . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 68 , 127 – 137 . doi: 10.1037/0022–3514.68.1.127
  • Pascoe , C. J. ( 2007 ). Dude, you're a fag . Berkeley , CA : University of California Press .
  • Plummer , D. C. ( 2001 ). The quest for modern manhood: Masculine stereotypes, peer culture and the social significance of homophobia . Journal of Adolescence , 24 , 15 – 23 . doi: 10.1006/jado.2000.0370
  • Reid , S. A. , Giles , H. , & Harwood , J. ( 2005 ). A prospectus for the study of communication and intergroup relations . In J. Harwood & H. Giles (Eds.), Intergroup communication: Multiple perspectives (pp. 241 – 263 ). New York , NY : Peter Lang .
  • Schmitt , M. T. , & Branscombe , N. R. ( 2001 ). The good, the bad, and the manly: Threats to one's prototpyicality and evaluations of fellow in-group members . Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , 37 , 510 – 517 . doi: 10.1006/jesp.2001.1476
  • Schmitt , M. T. , Lehmiller , J. J. , & Walsh , A. L. ( 2007 ). The role of heterosexual identity threat in differential support for same-sex “civil unions” versus “marriages.” Group Processes & Intergroup Relations , 10 , 443 – 454 . doi: 10.1177/1368430207081534
  • Shuntich , R. J. , & Shapiro , R. M. ( 1991 ). Explorations of verbal affection and aggression . Journal of Social Behavior and Personality , 6 , 283 – 300 .
  • Spitzack , C. ( 1998 ). The production of masculinity in interpersonal communication . Communication Theory , 8 , 143 – 164 . doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2885.1998.tb00215.x
  • Tajfel , H. , & Turner , J. C. ( 1979 ). An integrative theory of intergroup conflict . In W. G. Austin & S. Worchel (Eds.), The social psychology of intergroup relations (pp. 33 – 47 ). Monterey , CA : Brooks/Cole .
  • Terry , D. J. , & Hogg , M. A. ( 1996 ). Group norms and the attitude–behavior relationship: A role for group identity . Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , 22 , 776 – 793 . doi: 10.1177/0146167296228002
  • Terry , D. J. , & Hogg , M. A. ( 2001 ). Attitudes, behavior, and social context: The role of norms and group membership in social influence processes . In J. P. Forgas & K. D. Williams (Eds.), Social influence: Direct and indirect processes (pp. 253 – 270 ). Philadelphia , PA : Psychology Press .
  • Turner , J. C. ( 1987 ). A self-categorization theory . In J. C. Turner , M. A. Hogg , P. J. Oakes , S. D. Reicher & M. S. Wetherell (Eds.), Rediscovering the social group: A self-categorization theory (pp. 42 – 67 ). Oxford , England : Basil Blackwell .
  • Turner , J. C. , & Reynolds , K. J. ( 2001 ). The social identity perspective in intergroup relations: Theories, themes, and controversies . In R. Brown & S. L. Gaertner (Eds.), Intergroup processes (pp. 133 – 152 ). Malden , MA : Blackwell .
  • White , K. M. , Terry , D. J. , & Hogg , M. A. ( 1994 ). Safer sex behavior: The role of attitudes, norms, and control factors . Journal of Applied Social Psychology , 24 , 2164 – 2192 .
  • Wood , W. , & Eagly , A. H. ( 2009 ). Gender identity . In M. R. Leary & R. H. Hoyle (Eds.), Handbook of individual differences in social behavior (pp. 109 – 125 ). New York , NY : Guilford .
  • Yang , A. S. ( 1997 ). The polls-trends: Attitudes toward homosexuality . Public Opinion Quarterly , 61 , 477 – 507 . doi: 10.1086/297810
  • Yep , G. A. ( 1997 ). Changing homophobic and heterosexist attitudes: An overview of persuasive communication approaches . In L. Faderman & L. Gross (Eds.), Overcoming heterosexism and homophobia (pp. 49 – 64 ). New York , NY : Columbia University Press .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.