1,681
Views
19
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

The Communicative and Physiological Manifestations of Relational Turbulence During the Empty-Nest Phase of Marital Relationships

&

References

  • Aardal, E., & Holm, A. (1995). Cortisol in saliva—Reference ranges and relation to cortisol in serum. Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, 33, 927–932. doi:10.1515/cclm.1995.33.12.927
  • Baker, B., Paquette, M., Szalai, J. P., Driver, H., Perger, T., Helmers, K.,…Tobe, S. (2000). The influence of marital adjustment on 3-year left ventricular mass and ambulatory Blood pressure in mild hypertension. Archives of Internal Medicine, 160, 3453–3458. doi:10.1001/archinte.160.22.3453
  • Berscheid, E. (1983). Emotion. In H. H. Kelley, E. Berscheid, A. Christensen, J. Harvey, T. L. Huston, & G. Levinger et al. (Eds.), Close relationships (pp. 110–168). San Francisco, CA: Freeman.
  • Burman, B., & Margolin, G. (1992). Analysis of the association between marital relationships and health problems: An interactional perspective. Psychological Bulletin, 112, 39–63. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.112.1.39
  • Caughlin, J. P., & Vangelisti, A. L. (1999). Desire for change in one’s partner as a predictor of the demand/withdraw pattern of marital communication. Communication Monographs, 66, 66–89. doi:10.1080/03637759909376463
  • Christensen, A., & Shenk, J. L. (1991). Communication, conflict, and psychological distance in nondistressed, clinic, and divorcing couples. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 59, 458–463. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.59.3.458
  • Cloven, D. H., & Roloff, M. E. (1991). Sense-making activities and interpersonal conflict: Communicative cures for the mulling blues. Western Journal of Speech Communication, 55, 134–158. doi:10.1080/10570319109374376
  • Cloven, D. H., & Roloff, M. E. (1993). The chilling effect of aggressive potential on the expression of complaints in intimate relationships. Communication Monographs, 60, 199–219. doi:10.1080/03637759309376309
  • Cloven, D. H., & Roloff, M. E. (1994). A developmental model of decisions to withhold relational irritations in romantic relationships. Personal Relationships, 1, 143–164. doi:10.1111/j.1475-6811.1994.tb00059.x
  • Floyd, K., Mikkelson, A. C., Tafoya, M. A., Farinelli, L., La Valley, A. G., Judd, J.,…Wilson, J. (2007). Human affection exchange: XIII. Affectionate communication accelerates neuroendocrine stress recovery. Human Communication, 22, 123–132. doi:10.1080/10410230701454015
  • Floyd, K., & Riforgiate, S. (2008). Affectionate communication received from spouses predicts stress hormone levels in healthy adults. Communication Monographs, 75, 351–368. doi:10.1080/03637750802512371
  • Gallo, L. C., Troxel, W. M., Kuller, L. H., Sutton-Tyrrell, K., Edmundowicz, D., & Matthews, K. A. (2003). Marital status, marital quality, and atherosclerotic burden in postmenopausal women. Psychosomatic Medicine, 65, 952–962. doi:10.1097/01.PSY.0000097350.95305.FE
  • Gottman, J. M. (1993). The roles of conflict engagement, escalation, and avoidance in marital interaction: A longitudinal view of five types of couples. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 61, 6–15. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.61.1.6
  • Gottman, J. M. (1994). What predicts divorce? The relationship between marital processes and marital outcomes. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Heffner, K. L., Loving, T. J., Kiecolt-Glaser, J. K., Himawan, L. K., Glaser, R., & Malarkey, W. B. (2006). Older spouses’ cortisol responses to marital conflict: Associations with demand/withdraw communication patterns. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 29, 317–325. doi:10.1007/s10865-006-9058-3
  • Holtgraves, T. (1997). Styles of language use: Individual and cultural variability in conversational indirectness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, 624–637. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.73.3.624
  • Kahana, B., & Kahana, E. (1982). Clinical issues of middle age and life. In F. M. Berardo (Ed.), The annals of the American academy of political and social science: Middle and late life transitions (pp. 140–161). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage. doi:10.1177/0002716282464001013
  • Kiecolt-Glaser, J. K., Newton, T. L., Cacioppo, J. T., MacCullum, R. C., Glaser, R., & Malarkey, W. B. (1996). Marital conflict and endocrine function: Are men really more physiologically affected than women? Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 64, 324–332. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.64.2.324
  • Kline, R. B. (2011). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (3rd ed.). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
  • Knobloch, L. K. (2006). Relational uncertainty and message production within courtship: Features of date request messages. Human Communication Research, 32, 244–273. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2958.2006.00275.x
  • Knobloch, L. K. (2008). The content of relational uncertainty within marriage. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 25, 467–495. doi:10.1177/0265407508090869
  • Knobloch, L. K., & Carpenter-Theune, K. E. (2004). Topic avoidance in developing romantic relationships: Associations with intimacy and relational uncertainty. Communication Research, 31, 173–205. doi:10.1177/0093650203261516
  • Knobloch, L. K., & Solomon, D. H. (1999). Measuring the sources and content of relational uncertainty. Communication Studies, 50, 261–278. doi:10.1080/10510979909388499
  • Knobloch, L. K., & Theiss, J. A. (2010). An actor-partner interdependence model of relational turbulence: Cognitions and emotions. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 27, 595–619. doi:10.1177/0265407510368967
  • Knobloch, L. K., & Theiss, J. A. (2011). Relational uncertainty and relationship talk within courtship: A longitudinal actor-partner interdependence model. Communication Monographs, 78, 3–26. doi:10.1080/03637751.2010.542471
  • Kreider, R. M. (2005). Number timing, and duration of marriages and divorces: 2001. Current Population Reports, P70–97. U.S. Census Bureau, Washington, D.C
  • Malis, R. S., & Roloff, M. E. (2006a). Demand/withdraw patterns in serial arguments: Implications for well-being. Human Communication Research, 32, 198–216. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2958.2006.00009.x
  • Malis, R. S., & Roloff, M. E. (2006b). Features of serial arguing and coping strategies: Links with stress and well-being. In R. M. Dailey & B. A. LePoire (Eds.), Applied interpersonal communication matters: Family, health, and community relations (pp. 39–65). New York, NY: Peter Lang.
  • Matthews, K., & Gump, B. B. (2002). Chronic work stress and marital dissolution increase risk of posttrial mortality in men from the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Archives of Internal Medicine, 162, 309–315. doi:10.1001/archinte.162.3.309
  • Miller, G. E., & Bradbury, T. N. (1995). Refining the association between attributions and behavior in marital interaction. Journal of Family Psychology, 9, 196–208. doi:10.1037/0893-3200.9.2.196
  • Notarius, C. I., & Vanzetti, N. (1983). Marital agendas protocol. In E. Filsinger (Ed.), Sourcebook of marriage and family assessment (pp. 209–277). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
  • Priem, J. S., & Solomon, D. H. (2011). Relational uncertainty and cortisol responses to hurtful and supportive messages from a dating partner. Personal Relationships, 18, 198–223. doi:10.1111/j.1475-6811.2011.01353.x
  • Raudenbush, S. W., & Bryk, A. S. (2002). Hierarchal linear models (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Raup, J. L., & Meyers, J. E. (1989). The empty-nest syndrome: Myth or reality? Journal of Counseling & Development, 68, 180–183. doi:10.1002/j.1556-6676.1989.tb01353.x
  • Roloff, M. E., & Ifert, D. E. (2000). Conflict management through avoidance: Withholding complaints, suppressing arguments, and declaring topics taboo. In S. Petronio (Ed.), Balancing the secrets of private disclosures (pp. 151–163). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
  • Roloff, M. E., & Solomon, D. H. (2002). Conditions under which relational commitment leads to expressing or withholding relational complaints. International Journal of Conflict Management, 13, 276–391. doi:10.1108/eb022877
  • Selye, H. (1975). Confusion and controversy in the stress field. Journal of Human Stress, 1, 37–44. doi:10.1080/0097840X.1975.9940406
  • Solomon, D. H., & Knobloch, L. K. (2001). Relationships uncertainty, partner interference, and intimacy within dating relationships. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 18, 804–820. doi:10.1177/0265407501186004
  • Solomon, D. H., & Knobloch, L. K. (2004). A model of relational turbulence: The role of intimacy, relational uncertainty, and interference from partners in appraisals of irritations. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 21, 795–781. doi:10.1177/0265407504047838
  • Solomon, D. H., Weber, K. M., & Steuber, K. R. (2010). Turbulence in relationship transitions. In S. W. Smith & S. R. Wilson (Eds.), New directions in interpersonal communication research (pp. 115–134). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Steuber, K. R., & Solomon, D. H. (2008). Relational uncertainty, partner interference, and infertility: A qualitative study of discourse within online forums. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 25, 831–855. doi:10.1177/0265407508096698
  • Theiss, J. A. (2011). Modeling dyadic effects in the associations between relational uncertainty, sexual communication, and sexual satisfaction for husbands and wives. Communication Research, 38, 565–584. doi:10.1177/0093650211402186
  • Theiss, J. A., Estlein, R., & Weber, K. M. (2013). A longitudinal assessment of relationship characteristics that predict new parents’ relationship satisfaction. Personal Relationships, 20, 216–235. doi:10.1111/j.1475-6811.2012.01406.x
  • Theiss, J. A., & Knobloch, L. K. (2013). A relational turbulence model of military service members’ relational communication during reintegration. Journal of Communication, 63, 1109–1129. doi:10.1111/jcom.12059
  • Theiss, J. A., & Knobloch, L. K. (2014). Relational turbulence and the post-deployment transition: Self, partner, and relationship focused turbulence. Communication Research, 41, 27–51. doi:10.1177/0093650211429285
  • Theiss, J. A., Knobloch, L. K., Checton, M., & Magsamen-Conrad, K. (2009). Relationship characteristics associated with the experience of hurt in romantic relationships: A test of the relational turbulence model. Human Communication Research, 35, 588–615. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2958.2009.01364.x
  • Theiss, J. A., & Nagy, M. E. (2012). A cross-cultural test of the relational turbulence model: Relationship characteristics that predict turmoil and topic avoidance for Koreans and Americans. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 29, 545–565. doi:10.1177/0265407512443450
  • Theiss, J. A., & Solomon, D. H. (2006a). Coupling longitudinal data and multilevel modeling to examine the antecedents and consequences of jealousy experiences in romantic relationships: A test of the relational turbulence model. Human Communication Research, 32, 469–503. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2958.2006.00284.x
  • Theiss, J. A., & Solomon, D. H. (2006b). A relational turbulence model of communication about irritations in romantic relationships. Communication Research, 33, 391–418. doi:10.1177/0093650206291482
  • Verhofstadt, L. L., Buysse, A., de Clercq, A., & Goodwin, R. (2005). Emotional arousal and negative affect in marital conflict: The influence of gender, conflict structure, and demand-withdrawal. European Journal of Social Psychology, 35, 449–467. doi:10.1002/ejsp.262
  • White, L., & Edwards, J. N. (1990). Emptying the nest and parental well-being: An analysis of national panel data. American Sociological Review, 55, 235–242. doi:10.2307/2095629

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.