References
- Antunovic, D. (2014). “A female in a man’s world:” New-media discourse around the first female NFL referee. Journal of Sports Media, 9, 45–71.
- Berg, K., & Harthcock, A. (2012). “Brett Favre is a God”: Sports fans’ perpetuation of mythology on newspaper websites. In A. C. Earnheardt, P. M. Haridakis, & B. S. Hugenberg (Eds), Sports fans, identity, and socialization: Exploring the fandemonium (pp. 137–150). Lanham, MD: Lexington.
- Billings, A. C. (2014). Power in the reverberation: Why Twitter matters, but not the way most believe. Communication & Sport, 2, 107–112.
- Boren, C. (2014, September 15). Charles Barkley on Adrian Peterson: It’s a Southern thing. New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/early-lead/wp/2014/09/14/charles-barkley-on-adrian-peterson-its-a-southern-thing/
- Brock, A. (2012). From the blackhand side: Twitter as a cultural conversation. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 56, 529–549.
- Bruns, A., Weller, K., & Harrington, S. (2014). Twitter and sports: Football fandom in emerging and established markets. In K. Weller, A. Bruns, J. Burgess, M. Mahrt, & C. Puschmann (Eds), Twitter and society (pp. 263–280). New York, NY: Peter Lang.
- Burstyn, V. (1999). The rites of men: Manhood, politics, and the culture of sport. Toronto, Canada: University of Toronto Press.
- Butterworth, M. L. (2011). Saved at home: Christian branding and faith nights in the “church of baseball.”. Quarterly Journal of Speech, 97, 309–333.
- Butterworth, M. L. (2013). Coaches gone wild: Media, masculinity, and morality in big-time college football. In L. A. Wenner (Ed), Fallen sports heroes, media, & celebrity culture (pp. 284–297). New York, NY: Peter Lang.
- Butterworth, M. L. (2014). Public memorializing in the stadium: Mediated sport, the tenth anniversary of 9/11, and the illusion of democracy. Communication & Sport, 2, 203–224.
- Capehart, J. (2014, September 15). Adrian Peterson must beat his upbringing. The Washington Post. Retrieved from http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/post-partisan/wp/2014/09/15/adrian-peterson-must-move-past-his-upbringing/
- Carrigan, T., Connell, B., & Lee, J. (1985). Toward a new sociology of masculinity. Theory and Society, 14, 551–604.
- Coleman, W. (1990). Doing masculinity/Doing theory. In J. Hearn & D. Morgan (Eds), Men, masculinities and social theory (pp. 186–199). London, UK: Unwin Hyman.
- Connell, R. W. (1987). Gender and power: Society, the person, and sexual politics. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
- Connell, R. W. (1990). An iron man: The body and some contradictions of hegemonic masculinity. In M. A. Messner & D. F. Sabo (Eds), Sport, men, and the gender order: Critical feminist perspectives (pp. 83–95). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
- Cote, G. (2014, February 11). Michael Sam challenging NFL to tear down sports’ last wall. Miami Herald. Retrieved from http://www.miamiherald.com/sports/spt-columns-blogs/greg-cote/article1960210.html
- Couch, G. (2014, December 2). Cracked shield: The NFL players’ open revolt against Roger Goodell. Rolling Stone Online. Retrieved from http://www.rollingstone.com/culture/features/the-cracked-shield-the-nfl-players-open-revolt-against-roger-goodell-20141202
- Curtis, B. (2011, September 23). The punisher: NFL stars in the principal’s office. New York Magazine. Retrieved from http://nymag.com/news/intelligencer/roger-goodell-2011-10/
- Davidson, A. (2014, September 15). Adrian Peterson’s intent. The New Yorker. Retrieved from http://www.newyorker.com/news/amy-davidson/adrian-petersons-intent
- Depoe, S. (1994). Arthur Schlesinger, Jr. and the ideological history of American liberalism. Tuscaloosa, AL: University of Alabama Press.
- DiMatteo, S. (2014, September 17). A timeline in the Adrian Peterson child abuse case. Retrieved from http://www.sbnation.com/2014/9/17/6334793/adrian-peterson-child-abuse-statement-vikings-timeline
- Eder, S., & Borzi, P. (2014, September 12). NFL rocked again as Adrian Peterson faces a child abuse charge. New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/13/sports/football/adrian-peterson-indicted-on-child-injury-charge.html
- Enck-Wanzer, S. M. (2009). All’s fair in love and sport: Black masculinity and domestic violence in the news. Communication and Critical/Cultural Studies, 6, 1–18.
- Fainaru-Wada, M., & Fainaru, S. (2013). League of denial: The NFL, concussions and the battle for truth. New York, NY: Crown Archetype.
- Frederick, E. L., Lim, C. H., Clavio, G., & Walsh, P. (2012). Why we follow: An examination of parasocial interaction and fan motivations for following athlete archetypes on Twitter. International Journal of Sport Communication, 5, 481–502.
- Freelon, D. (2014). On the interpretation of digital trace data in communication and social computing research. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 58, 59–75.
- Gems, G. R. (2000). For pride, profit, and patriarchy: Football and the incorporation of American cultural values. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press.
- Gregorian, D. (2014, September 17). Adrian Peterson suffered severe abuse by his father, says it helped in his success. The New York Daily News. Retrieved from http://www.nydailynews.com/sports/football/adrian-peterson-suffered-severe-abuse-father-article-1.1942400
- Gross, D. (2014, February 3). Super bowl sets Twitter records. Retrieved from http://www.cnn.com/2014/02/03/tech/social-media/super-bowl-social-twitter/
- Hambrick, M., Simmons, J., Greenhalgh, G., & Greenwell, C. (2010). Understanding professional athletes’ use of Twitter: A content analysis of athlete tweets. International Journal of Sport Communication, 3, 454–471.
- Hull, K., & Schmittel, A. (2015). A fumbled opportunity? A case study of Twitter’s role in concussion awareness opportunities during the Super Bowl. Journal of Sport & Social Issues, 39, 78–94.
- Hutchins, B. (2011). The acceleration of media sport culture: Twitter, telepresence, and online messaging. Information, Communication, & Society, 14, 237–257.
- Irwin, N. (2014, September 12). What the numbers show about N.F.L. player arrests. The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/13/upshot/what-the-numbers-show-about-nfl-player-arrests.html?_r=0&abt=0002&abg=1
- Ivie, R. L., & Giner, O. (2009). American exceptionalism in a democratic idiom: Transacting the mythos of change in the 2008 presidential campaign. Communication Studies, 60, 359–375.
- Lakoff, G. (2002). Moral politics: How liberals and conservatives think. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
- Lebeau, J. (2014, September 16). The whooping takes a beating: Adrian Peterson and the corporal punishment debate. Boston.com. Retrieved from http://www.boston.com/news/2014/09/16/the-whooping-takes-beating-adrian-peterson-and-the-corporal-punishment-debate/QOZFkhVoSbvfoIECtAtFOO/story.html
- McDonald, S. N. (2014, September 15). Charles Barkley defends it, Cris Carter decries it, but studies can change brain chemistry. The Washington Post. Retrieved from http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2014/09/15/charles-barkley-defends-it-cris-carter-decries-it-but-studies-show-spanking-can-change-brain-chemistry/
- McDonough, K. (2014, January 17). Elisabeth Hasselbeck: Are feminists and wussy men a threat to national security? Salon.com. Retrieved from http://www.salon.com/2014/01/17/elisabeth_hasselbeck_are_feminists_and_wussy_men_a_threat_to_national_security/
- Messner, M. A. (2000). Politics of masculinities: Men in movements. Lanham, MD: AltaMira Press.
- Miller, T. (2001). Sportsex. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press.
- Murphy, B. (2012). Vikings lead the NFL—in trouble. TwinCities.com. Retrieved from http://www.twincities.com/2012/07/13/vikings-lead-the-nfl-in-trouble/
- Neumann, R., & Coe, K. (2011). The rhetoric in the modern presidency: A quantitative assessment. In J. A. Edwards & D. Weiss (Eds), The rhetoric of American exceptionalism: Critical essays (pp. 11–30). Jefferson, NC: McFarland.
- Pelissero, T. (2014, November 18). Adrian Peterson suspended without pay rest of season, loses grievance. USA Today. Retrieved from http://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/nfl/vikings/2014/11/18/adrian-peterson-suspension-season/19212909/
- Reed, S. (2013). American sports writers’ social media use and its influence on professionalism. Journalism Practice, 7, 555–571.
- Sanderson, J. (2013). Facebook, Twitter, and sports fans: Identity protection and social network sites in US sports. In B. Hutchins & D. Rowe (Eds.), Digital media sport: Technology, power, and identity in the network society (pp. 124–138). New York: Routledge.
- Sanderson, J., & Browning, B. (2013). Training versus monitoring: A qualitative examination of athletic department practices regarding student-athletes and Twitter. Qualitative Research Reports in Communication, 14, 105–111.
- Sanderson, J., & Hambrick, M. E. (2012). Covering the scandal in 140 characters: A case study of Twitter’s role in coverage of the Penn State saga. International Journal of Sport Communication, 5, 384–402.
- Sanderson, J., & Truax, C. (2014). “I hate you man!”: Exploring maladaptive parasocial interaction expressions to college athletes via Twitter. Journal of Issues in Intercollegiate Athletics, 7, 333–351.
- Schilken, C. (2014, November 21). Adrian Peterson to Roger Goodell: “Don’t say that I’m not remorseful.” The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved from http://www.latimes.com/sports/sportsnow/la-sp-sn-adrian-peterson-interview-20141121-story.html
- Schmittel, A., & Sanderson, J. (2015). Talking about Trayvon in 140 characters: Exploring NFL players’ tweets about the George Zimmerman verdict. Journal of Sport & Social Issues, 39, 332–345.
- Schrotenboer, B. (2013, October 11). Adrian Peterson’s son, 2, dies; man charged with abuse. USA Today. Retrieved from http://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/nfl/vikings/2013/10/11/adrian-peterson-son-critical-condition/2966015/
- Spielvogel, C. (2005). “You know where I stand”: Moral framing of the war on terrorism and the Iraq war in the 2004 presidential campaign. Rhetoric & Public Affairs, 8, 549–570. doi:10.1353/rap.2006.0015
- Souhan, J. (2014a, September 16). Souhan: Vikings shred their code of conduct with Peterson audible. Star Tribune. Retrieved from http://www.startribune.com/souhan-vikings-shred-their-code-of-conduct-with-peterson-audible/275226611/
- Souhan, J. (2014b, September 17). Souhan: Instant reaction to Vikings news conference. Star Tribune. Retrieved from http://www.startribune.com/souhan-instant-reaction-to-vikings-news-conference/275459061/
- Tomasson, C. (2015, June 2). Upon return, Adrian Peterson expresses remorse, saying Minnesota is where he wants to be. Pioneer Press. Retrieved from http://blogs.twincities.com/vikings/2015/06/02/upon-return-adrian-peterson-expresses-remorse-saying-minnesota-wants/
- Trujillo, N. (1991). Hegemonic masculinity on the mound: Media representations of Nolan Ryan and American sports culture. Critical Studies in Mass Communication, 8, 290–308.
- Trujillo, N. (1995). Machines, missiles, and men: Images of the male body on ABC’s Monday Night Football. Sociology of Sport Journal, 12, 403–423.
- Van Dijck, J. (2013). The culture of connectivity: A critical history of social media. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
- Vann, P. (2014). Changing the game: The role of social media in overcoming old media’s attention deficit toward women’s sport. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 58, 438–455.
- Vensel, M. (2014, September 16). Vikings say they will let legal process play out with Peterson. Star Tribune. Retrieved from http://www.startribune.com/vikings-will-let-legal-process-play-out-with-peterson/275137391/
- Wakefield, W. E. (1997). Playing to win: Sports and the American military, 1898-1945. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.
- Weisberg, J. (2015, August 13). Trump’s alpha-male appeal. Slate.com. Retrieved from http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/politics/2015/08/donald_trump_s_alpha_male_appeal_what_explains_the_loutish_billionaire_s.html
- World Cup was biggest event yet for Twitter with 672m tweets. (2014, July 15). The Guardian. Retrieved from http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/jul/15/twitter-world-cup-tweets-germany-brazil
- Wright, N. (2014, September 12). Exclusive details on Adrian Peterson indictment charges. CBSHouston.com. Retrieved from http://houston.cbslocal.com/2014/09/12/exclusive-details-on-adrian-peterson-indictment-charges/