Undignified Dignity: Using Humor to Manage the Stigma of Mental Illness and Homelessness

References

• Baillie, L. (2009). Patient dignity in an acute hospital studying: A case study. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 46, 23–27. doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2008.08.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bassuk, E. (1984, July). The homeless problem. The Scientific American, 251, 40–45. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0784-40
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Becker, H. S. (2001). Labeling theory. In A. Thio & T. C. Calhoun (Eds.), Readings in deviant behavior (pp. 57–59). Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
   Google Scholar
• Booth-Butterfield, M., Wanzer, M. B., Weil, N., & Krezmien, E. (2014). Communication of humor during bereavement: Intrapersonal and interpersonal emotion management strategies. Communication Quarterly, 62, 436–454. doi:10.1080/01463373.2014.922487
   Google Scholar
• Charmaz, K. (2006). Constructing grounded theory: A practical guide through qualitative analysis. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Conquergood, D. (1991). Rethinking ethnography: Towards a critical cultural politics. Communication Monographs, 58(2), 179–194. doi:10.1080/03637759109376222
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conquergood, D. (2002). Performance studies: Interventions and radical research. TDR: The Drama Review, 46(2), 145–156. doi:10.1162/105420402320980550
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corbin, J., & Strauss, A. (2007). Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory (3rd ed.). Los Angeles, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Corrigan, P. W., Powell, K. J., Fokuo, J. K., & Kosyluk, K. A. (2014). Does humor influence the stigma of mental illnesses? Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease, 202(5), 397–401. doi:10.1097/NMD.0000000000000138
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Creswell, J. W. (2007). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five traditions (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Eisenberg, L., & Guttmacher, L. B. (2010). Were we all asleep at the switch? A personal reminiscence of psychiatry from 1940 to 2010. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 122(2), 89–102. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2010.01544.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Estroff, S. E., Penn, D. L., & Toporek, J. R. (2004). From stigma to discrimination: An analysis of community efforts to reduce the negative consequences of having a psychiatric disorder and label. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 30(3), 493–509. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a007097
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Falk, G. (2001). Stigma: How we treat outsiders. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books.
   Google Scholar
• Farrugia, D. (2011). The symbolic burden of homelessness: Towards a theory of youth homelessness as embodied subjectivity. Journal of Sociology, 47(1), 71–87. doi:10.1177/1440783310380989
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forest, J. (n.d.). Catholic worker movement: A history. Retrieved from http://www.catholicworker.org/historytext.cfm?Number=78
   Google Scholar
• Foster, A., Gable, J., & Buckley, J. (2012). Homelessness in schizophrenia. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 35(3), 717–734. doi:10.1016/j.psc.2012.06.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gieryn, T. F. (2000). A space for place in sociology. Annual Review of Sociology, 26, 463–496. doi:10.1146/annurev.soc.26.1.463
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goffman, E. (1963). Stigma: Notes on the management of spoiled identity. London, UK: Penguin Books.
   Google Scholar
• Gowan, T. (2010). Hobos, hustlers, and backsliders: Homeless in San Francisco. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
   Google Scholar
• Griffin-Heslin, V. L. (2005). An analysis of the concept of dignity. Accident and Emergency Nursing, 13, 251–257. doi:10.1016/j.aaen.2005.09.003
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Harter, L. M., Edwards, A., McClanahan, A., Hopson, M. C., & Carson-Stern, E. (2004). Organizing for survival and social change: The case of streetwise. Communication Studies, 55(2), 407–424. doi:10.1080/10510970409388627
   Google Scholar
• Hauser, G. A. (2012). Prisoners of conscience: Moral vernaculars of human agency. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hombs, M. E. (2001). American homelessness: A reference handbook. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO.
   Google Scholar
• Jenkins, J. H., & Carpenter-Song, E. A. (2008). Stigma despite recovery: Strategies for living in the aftermath of psychosis. Medical Anthropology Quarterly, 22(4), 381–409. doi:10.1111/j.1548-1387.2008.00038.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jensen, P. R. (2017). “People can”t believe we exist!’: Social sustainability and alternative nonprofit organizing. Critical Sociology, 089692051769110. Advance online publication. doi:10.1177/0896920517691106
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jensen, P. R., & Meisenbach, R. J. (2015). Alternative organizing and (in)visibility: Managing tensions of transparency and autonomy in a nonprofit organization. Management Communication Quarterly, 29, 564–589. doi:10.1177/0893318915600577
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lankenau, S. E. (1999). Stronger than dirt: Public humiliation and status enhancement among panhandlers. Journal of Contemporary Ethnography, 28(3), 288–318. doi:10.1177/089124199129023451
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Linz, S. J., & Sturm, B. A. (2013). The phenomenon of social isolation in the severely mentally ill. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 49(4), 243–254. doi:10.1111/ppc.12010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lucas, K. (2011). Blue-collar discourses of workplace dignity: Using outgroup comparisons to construct positive identities. Management Communication Quarterly, 25, 353–374. doi:10.1177/0893318910386445
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lynch, O. H. (2002). Humorous communication: Finding a place for humor in communication research. Communication Theory, 12(4), 423–445. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2885.2002.tb00277.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lynch, O. H. (2010). Cooking with humor: In-group humor as social organization. International Journal of Humor Research, 23, 127–159. doi:10.1515/humr.2010.007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McQuistion, H. L., Finnerty, M., Hirschowitz, J., & Susser, E. S. (2003). Challenges for psychiatry in serving homeless people with psychiatric disorders. Psychiatric Services, 54(5), 669–676. doi:10.1176/appi.ps.54.5.669
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meisenbach, R. J. (2010). Stigma management communication: A theory and agenda for applied research on how individuals manage moments of stigmatized identity. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 38(3), 268–292. doi:10.1080/00909882.2010.490841
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyer, J. C. (1997). Humor in member narratives: Uniting and dividing at work. Western Journal of Communication, 61(2), 188–208. doi:10.1080/10570319709374571
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murman, N. M., Buckingham, K. C. E., Fontilea, P., Villanueva, R., Leventhal, B., & Hinshaw, S. P. (2014). Let’s Erase the Stigma (LETS): A quasi-experimental evaluation of adolescent-led school groups intended to reduce mental illness stigma. Child & Youth Care Forum, 43(5), 621–637. doi:10.1007/s10566-014-9257-y
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Coalition for the Homeless. (2009, July). Mentall illness and homelessness. Retrieved from http://www.nationalhomeless.org/factsheets/Mental_Illness.html
   Google Scholar
• Pescosolido, B. A., Martin, J. K., Lang, A., & Olafsdottir, S. (2008). Rethinking theoretical approaches to stigma: A framework integrating normative influences on stigma (FINIS). Social Science & Medicine, 67, 431–440. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2008.03.018
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phelan, J., Link, B. G., Moore, R. E., & Stueve, A. (1997). The stigma of homelessness: The impact of the label “homeless” on attitudes toward poor persons. Social Psychology Quarterly, 60(4), 323–337. doi:10.2307/2787093
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piven, F. F., & Cloward, R. A. (1993). Regulating the poor: The functions of public welfare. New York, NY: Vintage Books. å.
   Google Scholar
• Reinke, R. R., Corrigan, P. W., Leonhard, C., Lundin, R. K., & Kubiak, M. A. (2004). Examining two aspects of contact on the stigma of mental illness. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 23(3), 377–389. doi:10.1521/jscp.23.3.377.35457
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robertson, D. (2013). Knowing your place: The formation and sustenance of class-based place identity. Housing, Theory & Society, 30(4), 368–383. doi:10.1080/14036096.2012.755472
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rokach, A. (2005). Private lives in public places: Loneliness of the homeless. Social Indicators Research, 72(1), 99–114. doi:10.1007/s11205-004-4590-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosen, M. (2012). Dignity: Its history and meaning. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Schneider, B., & Remillard, C. (2013). Caring about homelessness: How identity work maintains the stigma of homelessness. Text & Talk, 33(1), 95–112. doi:10.1515/text-2013-0005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, R. A. (2007). Language of the lost: An explication of stigma communication. Communication Theory, 17(4), 462–485. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2885.2007.00307.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stebbins, R. A. (1996). Defusing awkward situations: Comic relief as an interactive strategy for people with disabilities. Journal of Leisurability, 23(4), 3–38.
   Google Scholar
• Stroman, D. (2003). The disability rights movement: From deinstitutionalizaiton to self-determination. Lanham, MD: University Press of America.
   Google Scholar
• Tracy, S. J. (2013). Qualitative research methods: Collecting evidence, crafting analysis, communicating impact. Chichester, West Sussex, UK: Wiley-Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• Tracy, S. J., Meyers, K. W., & Scott, C. W. (2006). Cracking jokes and crafting selves: Sensemaking and identity management among human service workers. Communication Monographs, 73, 283–308. doi:10.1080/03637750600889500
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wacquant, L. (2009). Punishing the poor: The neoliberal government of social insecurity. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
   Google Scholar