The influence of physician use of analogies on patient understanding

References

• Alyami, H., Alawami, M., Lyndon, M., Alyami, M., Coomarasamy, C., Henning, M., … Sundram, F. (2019). Impact of using a 3D visual metaphor serious game to teach history- taking content to medical students: Longitudinal mixed methods pilot study. JMIR Serious Games, 7(3), e13748. doi:10.2196/13748
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Arroliga, A. C., Newman, S., Longworth, D. L., & Stoller, J. K. (2002). Metaphorical medicine: Using metaphors to enhance communication with patients who have pulmonary disease. Annals of Internal Medicine, 137(5), 376–379. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-137-5_Part_1-200209030-00037
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bourquin, C., Stiefel, F., Mast, M. S., Bonvin, R., & Berney, A. (2015). Well, you have hepatic metastases: Use of technical language by medical students in simulated patient interviews. Patient Education and Counseling, 98(3), 323–330. doi:10.1016/j.pec.2014.11.017
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Pragmatics, 3, 77–101. doi:10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
   Google Scholar
• Casarett, D., Pickard, A., Fishman, J. M., Alexander, S. C., Arnold, R. M., Pollak, K., … A, J. (2010). Can metaphors and analogies improve communication with seriously ill patients? Journal of Palliative Medicine, 13(3), 255–260. doi:10.1089/jpm.2009.0221
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castro, C. M., Wilson, C., Wang, F., & Schillinger, D. (2007). Babel babble: Physicians’ use of unclarified medical jargon with patients. American Journal of Health Behavior, 31(1), 85–95. doi:10.5993/AJHB.31.s1.11
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021, May 21). Talking points about health literacy. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/healthliteracy/shareinteract/TellOthers.html
   Google Scholar
• Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. (2020, February 11). HCAHPS: Patients’ perspectives of care survey. Retrieved from https://www.cms.gov/Medicare/Quality-Initiatives-Patient-Assessment-Instruments/HospitalQualityInits/HospitalHCAHPS
   Google Scholar
• Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. (2021, June 2). Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems. Retrieved from https://hcahpsonline.org/en/survey-instruments/
   Google Scholar
• Chesebro, J. L., & McCroskey, J. C. (2001). The relationship of teacher clarity and immediacy with student state receiver apprehension, affect, and cognitive learning. Communication Education, 50(1), 59–68. doi:10.1080/03634520109379232
   Google Scholar
• Committee on Quality of Health Care in America, Institute of Medicine. (2001). Crossing the quality chasm: A new health system for the 21st century. Washington D.C.: National Academy Press. doi:10.17226/10027
   Google Scholar
• Curtis, L. M., Mullen, R. J., Russell, A., Fata, A., Bailey, S. C., Makoul, G., & Wolf, M. S. (2016). An efficacy trial of an electronic health record-based strategy to inform patients on safe medication use: The role of written and spoken communication. Patient Education and Counseling, 99(9), 1489–1495. doi:10.1016/j.pec.2016.07.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Pelsmacker, P., Cauberghe, V., & Dens, N. (2011). Fear appeal effectiveness for familiar and unfamiliar issues. Journal of Social Marketing, 1(3), 171–191. doi:10.1108/20426761111170696
   Google Scholar
• Epstein, R. M., Franks, P., Fiscella, K., Shields, C. G., Meldrum, S. C., Kravitz, R. L., & Duberstein, P. R. (2005). Measuring patient-centered communication in patient-physician consultations: Theoretical and practical issues. Social Science & Medicine, 61(7), 1516–1528. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2005.02.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Epstein, R. M., & Street, R. L., Jr. (2007). Patient-centered communication in cancer care: Promoting healing and reducing suffering. Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute.
   Google Scholar
• Fisher, C. L., Ledford, C. J. W., & Crawford, P. (2019). Explaining acupuncture in family medicine: Patients’ and physicians’ use of metaphor. Journal of Communication in Healthcare, 12(3–4), 180–188. doi:10.1080/17538068.2019.1683366
   Google Scholar
• Galesic, M., & Garcia-Retamero, R. (2013). Using analogies to communicate information about health risks. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 27(1), 33–42. doi:10.1002/acp.2866
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gallagher, L., McAuley, J., & Moseley, G. L. (2013). A randomized-controlled trial of using a book of metaphors to reconceptualize pain and decrease catastrophizing in people with chronic pain. The Clinical Journal of Pain, 29(1), 20–25. doi:10.1097/AJP.0b013e3182465cf7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gasteiger, C., Jones, A. S. K., Kleinstäuber, M., Lobo, M., Horne, R., Dalbeth, N., & Petrie, K. J. (2020). Effects of message framing on patients’ perceptions and willingness to change to a biosimilar in a hypothetical drug switch. Arthritis Care & Research, 72(9), 1323–1330. doi:10.1002/acr.24012
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gazzinelli, M. F., Lobato, L., Matoso, L., Avila, R., de Cassia Marques, R., Shah Brown, A., … Diemert, D. J. (2010). Health education through analogies: Preparation of a community for clinical trials of a vaccine against hookworm in an endemic area of Brazil. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 4(7), e749. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0000749
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanne, M. (2015). Diagnosis and metaphor. Perspectives in Biology and Medicine, 58(1), 35–52. doi:10.1353/pbm.2015.0010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haun, J., Noland-Dodd, N., Varnes, J., Graham-Pole, J., Rienzo, B., & Donaldson, P. (2009). Testing the BRIEF health literacy screening tool. Federal Practitioner, 26(12), 24–31.
   Google Scholar
• Heisler, M., Bouknight, R. R., Hayward, R. A., Smith, D. M., & Kerr, E. A. (2002). The relative importance of physician communication, participatory decision making, and patient understanding in diabetes self-management. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 17(4), 243–252. doi:10.1046/j.1525-1497.2002.10905.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoek, A. E., Anker, S. C., van Beeck, E. F., Burdorf, A., Rood, P. P., & Haagsma, J. A. (2020). Patient discharge instructions in the emergency department and their effects on comprehension and recall of discharge instructions: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Annals of Emergency Medicine, 75(3), 435–444. doi:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2019.06.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horton, R. (1998). The new public health of risk and radical engagement. The Lancet, 352(9124), 251–252. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)60254-1
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Houts, P. S., Doak, C. C., Doak, L. G., & Loscalzo, M. J. (2006). The role of pictures in improving health communication: A review of research on attention, comprehension, recall, and adherence. Patient Education and Counseling, 61(2), 173–190. doi:10.1016/j.pec.2005.05.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iqbal, N., Morgan, C., Maksoud, H., & Idris, I. (2008). Improving patients’ knowledge on the relationship between HbA1c and mean plasma glucose improves glycaemic control among persons with poorly controlled diabetes. Annals of Clinical Biochemistry, 45(5), 504–507. doi:10.1258/acb.2008.008034
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• King, A., & Hoppe, R. B. (2013). “Best practice” for patient-centered communication: A narrative review. Journal of Graduate Medical Education, 5(3), 385–393. doi:10.4300/JGME-D-13-00072.1
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Krieger, J. L., Parrott, R. L., & Nussbaum, J. F. (2011). Metaphor use and health literacy: A pilot study of strategies to explain randomization in cancer clinical trials. Journal of Health Communication, 16(1), 3–16. doi:10.1080/10810730.2010.529494
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krieger, J. L., Neil, J. M., Strekalova, Y. A., & Sarge, M. A. (2017). Linguistic strategies for improving informed consent in clinical trials among low health literacy patients. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 109(3), 1–7. doi:10.1093/jnci/djw233
   Google Scholar
• Lakoff, G., & Johnson, M. (1980). Metaphors we live by. Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Lakoff, G. (1993). The contemporary theory of metaphor. In A. Ortony (Ed.), Metaphor and thought (2nd ed.) (pp. 202–251). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Mayo Clinic. (2018, May 12). High blood pressure (hypertension). Retrieved from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/symptoms-causes/syc-20373410
   Google Scholar
• Mayo Clinic. (2019, February 28). Pneumothorax. Retrieved from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pneumothorax/symptoms-causes/syc-20350367
   Google Scholar
• McCormack, L. A., Treiman, K., Rupert, D., Williams-Piehota, P., Nadler, E., Arora, N. K., … Street, R. L. (2011). Measuring patient-centered communication in cancer care: A literature review and the development of a systematic approach. Social Science & Medicine, 72(7), 1085–1095. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.01.020
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McShane, C. M., Murphy, B., Lim, K. H., & Anderson, L. A. (2018). Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance as viewed by haematology healthcare professionals. European Journal of Haematology, 100(1), 20–26. doi:10.1111/ejh.12962
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Morrow, D. G., Weiner, M., Young, J., Steinley, D., Deer, M., & Murray, M. D. (2005). Improving medication knowledge among older adults with heart failure: A patient-centered approach to instruction design. The Gerontologist, 45(4), 545–552. doi:10.1093/geront/45.4.545
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muthusamy, A. D., Leuthner, S., Gaebler-Uhing, C., Hoffmann, R. G., Li, S. H., & Basir, M. A. (2012). Supplemental written information improves prenatal counseling: A randomized trial. Pediatrics, 129(5), e1269–e1274. doi:10.1542/peds.2011-1702
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naik, A. D., Teal, C. R., Rodriguez, E., & Haidet, P. (2011). Knowing the ABCs: A comparative effectiveness study of two methods of diabetes education. Patient Education and Counseling, 85(3), 383–389. doi:10.1016/j.pec.2011.01.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Center for Health Statistics. (2018). Estimated hypertension prevalence, treatment, and control among U.S. adults. National health and nutrition examination survey, 2013–2016. Retrieved from https://millionhearts.hhs.gov/data-reports/hypertension-prevalence.html
   Google Scholar
• Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (ODPHP) (n.d.) Healthy people 2030: Health communication. https://health.gov/healthypeople/objectives-and-data/browse-objectives/health-communication
   Google Scholar
• Orgill, M., & Bodner, G. (2005). The role of analogies in chemistry teaching. In N. Pienta, M. Cooper, & T. Greenbowe (Eds.), Chemists’ guide to effective teaching (pp. 90–105). Upper Saddle River, NY: Prentice-Hall.
   Google Scholar
• Parrott, R., & Smith, R. A. (2013). Defining genes using “blueprint” versus “instruction” metaphors: Effects for genetic determinism, response efficacy, and perceived control. Health Communication, 29(2), 137–146. doi:10.1080/10410236.2012.729181
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Raimi, K. T., Stern, P. C., & Maki, A. (2017). The promise and limitations of using analogies to improve decision-relevant understanding of climate change. PLOS ONE, 12(1), 1–20. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0171130
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sopory, P., & Dillard, J. P. (2002). The persuasive effects of metaphor: A meta-analysis. Human Communication Research, 28(3), 382–419. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2958.2002.tb00813.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spall, B., Read, S., & Chantry, D. (2001). Metaphor: Exploring its origins and therapeutic use in death, dying and bereavement. International Journal of Palliative Nursing, 7(7), 345–353. doi:10.12968/ijpn.2001.7.7.9019
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stott, N. (2004). Familiarity breeds contempt: Reading texts from learners’ own cultures does not guarantee recall. TESOL Quarterly, 38(2), 345–352. doi:10.2307/3588387
   Google Scholar
• Street, R. L., Jr. (1992). Analyzing communication in medical consultations: Do behavioral measures correspond to patients’ perceptions? Medical Care, 30(11), 976–988. doi:10.1097/00005650-199211000-00002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Street, R. L., Jr., Makoul, G., Arora, N. K., & Epstein, R. M. (2009). How does communication heal? Pathways linking clinician–patient communication to health outcomes. Patient Education and Counseling, 74(3), 295–301. doi:10.1016/j.pec.2008.11.015
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (n.d.) Quick guide to health literacy. Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. https://health.gov/communication/literacy/quickguide/factsbasic.htm
   Google Scholar
• U.S. National Libraries of Medicine. (2019, October 19). Primary spontaneous pneumothorax: Frequency. Genetics Home Reference. Retrieved from https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/primary-spontaneous-pneumothorax#statistics
   Google Scholar
• Wanzer, M. B., Booth-Butterfield, M., & Gruber, K. (2004). Perceptions of health care providers’ communication: Relationships between patient-centered communication and satisfaction. Health Communication, 16(3), 363–384. doi:10.1207/S15327027HC1603_6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Warner, R. M. (2013). Applied statistics: From bivariate through multivariate techniques. Los Angeles, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Watson, P. W. B., & McKinstry, B. (2009). A systematic review of interventions to improve medical advice in health consultations. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 102(6), 235–243. doi:10.1258/jrsm.2009.090013
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar