Questioning conceptualizations of openness in family sex communication: Exploring associations between family communication patterns and family sex communication quotient

References

• Aiken, L. S., West, S. G., & Reno, R. R. (1991). Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions. SAGE.
   Google Scholar
• Baxter, L. A., & Akkoor, C. (2011). Topic expansiveness and family communication patterns. Journal of Family Communication, 11(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/15267431003773523
   Google Scholar
• Bostwick, E. N., & Johnson, A. J. (2018). Family secrets: The roles of family communication patterns and conflict styles between young adults. Communication Reports, 31(2), 91–102. https://doi.org/10.1080/08934215.2017.1380209
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Browning, D. M., Meyer, E. C., Truog, R. D., & Solomon, M. Z. (2007). Difficult conversations in health care: Cultivating relational learning to address the hidden curriculum. Academic Medicine, 82(9), 905–913. https://doi.org/10.1097/ACM.0b013e31812f77b9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caughlin, J. P. (2003). Family communication standards: What counts as excellent family communication and how are such standards associated with family satisfaction? Human Communication Research, 29(1), 5–40. https://doi.org/10.1093/hcr/29.1.5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coffelt, T. A. (2010). Is sexual communication challenging between mothers and daughters? Journal of Family Communication, 10(2), 116–130. https://doi.org/10.1080/15267431003595496
   Google Scholar
• Colaner, C. W. (2009). Exploring the communication of evangelical families: The association between evangelical gender role ideology and family communication patterns. Communication Studies, 60(2), 97–113. https://doi.org/10.1080/10510970902834833
   Google Scholar
• Dorrance-Hall, E., & Scharp, K. (2019). Communication in family contexts [ VitalSource Bookshelf]. https://bookshelf.vitalsource.com/#/books/9781119477426/
   Google Scholar
• Edwards, R., Watkins Allen, M., & Hayhoe, C. R. (2007). Financial attitudes and family communication about students’ finances: The role of sex differences. Communication Reports, 20(2), 90–100. https://doi.org/10.1080/08934210701643719
   Google Scholar
• Grossman, J. M., Lynch, A. D., Richer, A. M., DeSouza, L. M., & Ceder, I. (2019). Extended-family talk about sex and teen sexual behavior. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(3), 480–492. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16030480
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grossman, J. M., & Richer, A. M. (2022). A longitudinal look at family communication about sexual issues. Sexes, 3(1), 164–177. https://doi.org/10.3390/sexes3010013
   Google Scholar
• Grossman, J. M., Richer, A. M., Charmaraman, L., Ceder, I., & Erkut, S. (2018). Youth perspectives on sexuality communication with parents and extended family. Family Relations, 67(3), 368–380. https://doi.org/10.1111/fare.12313
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heisler, J. M. (2014). They need to sow their wild oats: Mothers’ recalled memorable messages to their emerging adult children regarding sexuality and dating. Emerging Adulthood, 2(4), 280–293. https://doi.org/10.1177/2167696814550196
   Google Scholar
• Holman, A., & Koenig Kellas, J. (2015). High school adolescents’ perceptions of the parent–child sex talk: How communication, relational, and family factors relate to sexual health. Southern Communication Journal, 80(5), 388–403. https://doi.org/10.1080/1041794X.2015.1081976
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horan, S. M., Morgan, T., & Burke, T. J. (2018). Sex and risk: Parental messages and associated safety/risk behavior of adult children. Communication Quarterly, 66(4), 403–422. https://doi.org/10.1080/01463373.2017.1418404
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horstman, H. K., Schrodt, P., Warner, B., Koerner, A., Maliski, R., Hays, A., & Colaner, C. W. (2018). Expanding the conceptual and empirical boundaries of family communication patterns: The development and validation of an expanded conformity orientation scale. Communication Monographs, 85(2), 157–180. https://doi.org/10.1080/03637751.2018.1428354
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hurst, J. L., Widman, L., Maheux, A. J., Evans-Paulson, R., Brasileiro, J., & Lipsey, N. (2021). Parent–child communication and adolescent sexual decision making: An application of family communication patterns theory. Journal of Family Psychology, 36(3), 449–457. https://doi.org/10.1037/fam0000916
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keating, D. M., Russell, J. C., Cornacchione, J., & Smith, S. W. (2013). Family communication patterns and difficult family conversations. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 41(2), 160–180. https://doi.org/10.1080/00909882.2013.781659
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirkman, M., Rosenthal, D., & Feldman, S. (2005). Being open with your mouth shut: The meaning of ‘openness’ in family communication about sexuality. Sex Education, 5(1), 49–66. https://doi.org/10.1080/1468181042000301885
   Google Scholar
• Koerner, A. F., & Fitzpatrick, M. A. (2002a). Toward a theory of family communication. Communication Theory, 12(1), 70–91. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2885.2002.tb00260.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koerner, A. F., & Fitzpatrick, M. A. (2002b). Understanding family communication patterns and family functioning: The role of conversation orientation and conformity orientation. In W. B. Gudykunst (Ed.), Communication Yearbook 26 (pp. 37–69). Erlbaum.
   Google Scholar
• Koerner, A. F., & Fitzpatrick, M. A. (2006). Family conflict communication. In J. Oetzel & S. Ting-Toomey (Eds.), The SAGE handbook of conflict communication: Integrating theory, research, and practice (pp. 159–184). Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Koerner, A. F., Schrodt, P., & Fitzpatrick, M. A. (2018). Family communication patterns theory: A grand theory of family communication. In D. O. Braithwaite, E. A. Suter, & K. Floyd (Eds.), Engaging theories in family communication: Multiple perspectives (2nd ed., pp. 142–153). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315204321-13
   Google Scholar
• Koesten, J., & Anderson, K. (2004). Exploring the influence of family communication patterns, cognitive complexity, and interpersonal competence on adolescent risk behaviors. Journal of Family Communication, 4(2), 99–121. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327698jfc0402_2
   Google Scholar
• Kozak, M., & Piepho, H.-P. (2018). What’s normal anyway? Residual plots are more telling than significance tests when checking ANOVA assumptions. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 204(1), 86–98. https://doi.org/10.1111/jac.12220
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Little, T. D., Card, N. A., Bovaird, J. A., Preacher, K. J., & Crandall, C. S. (2007). Structural equation modeling of mediation and moderation with contextual factors. In J. A. Bovaird, N. A. Card, & T. D. Little (Eds.), Modeling contextual effects in longitudinal studies (pp. 207–230). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Machette, A. T., Morrissey, B. S., & Cionea, I. A. (2022). The sexual communication discrepancy index: A multidimensional self-report instrument for the assessment of sexual communication discrepancies. Journal of Sex and Marital Therapy, 48(4), 376–391. https://doi.org/10.1080/0092623X.2021.1998272
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manago, A. M., Ward, L. M., & Aldana, A. (2015). The sexual experience of Latino young adults in college and their perceptions of values about sex communicated by their parents and friends. Emerging Adulthood, 3(1), 14–23. https://doi.org/10.1177/2167696814536165
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McLeod, J. M., & Chaffee, S. H. (1972). The construction of social reality. In J. Tedeschi (Ed.), The social influence process (pp. 50–59). Aldine-Atherton.
   Google Scholar
• Meenakumari, N., Warren, C., & Depew, C. M. (2016). Gender differences in family sex communication quotient. International Journal of Scientific & Research Publications, 6(2), 271–276. http://www.ijsrp.org/research-paper-0216.php?rp=P505106
   Google Scholar
• Morgan, E. M., Thorne, A., & Zurbriggen, E. L. (2010). A longitudinal study of conversations with parents about sex and dating during college. Developmental Psychology, 46(1), 139–150. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016931
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Newcomb, M. E., Feinstein, B. A., Matson, M., Macapagal, K., & Mustanski, B. (2018). “I have no idea what’s going on out there:” Parents’ perspectives on promoting sexual health in lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender adolescents. Sexuality Research and Social Policy, 15(2), 111–122. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13178-018-0326-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Newcomb, M. E., LaSala, M. C., Bouris, A., Mustanski, B., Prado, G., Schrager, S. M., & Huebner, D. M. (2019). The influence of families on LGBTQ youth health: A call to action for innovation in research and intervention development. LGBT Health, 6(4), 139–145. https://doi.org/10.1089/lgbt.2018.0157
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phillips, K. E., Ledbetter, A. M., Soliz, J., & Bergquist, G. (2018). Investigating the interplay between identity gaps and communication patterns in predicting relational intentions in Families in the United States. Journal of Communication, 68(3), 590–611. https://doi.org/10.1093/joc/jqy016
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pluhar, E. I., & Kuriloff, P. (2004). What really matters in family communication about sexuality? A qualitative analysis of affect and style among African American mothers and adolescent daughters. Sex Education, 4(3), 303–321. https://doi.org/10.1080/1468181042000243376
   Google Scholar
• Ritchie, L. D., & Fitzpatrick, M. A. (1990). Family communication patterns: Measuring intrapersonal perceptions of interpersonal relationships. Communication Research, 17(4), 523–544. https://doi.org/10.1177/009365090017004007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rubinsky, V., & Cooke-Jackson, A. (2017). “Tell me something other than to use a condom and sex is scary”: Memorable messages women and gender minorities wish for and recall about sexual health. Women’s Studies in Communication, 40(4), 379–400. https://doi.org/10.1080/07491409.2017.1368761
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schrodt, P. (2009). Family strength and satisfaction as functions of family communication environments. Communication Quarterly, 57(2), 171–186. https://doi.org/10.1080/01463370902881650
   Google Scholar
• Schrodt, P. (2020). Emotion labor with parents as a mediator of family communication patterns and young adult children’s mental well-being. Journal of Family Communication, 20(1), 66–81. https://doi.org/10.1080/15267431.2019.1661250
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schrodt, P., Witt, P. L., & Messersmith, A. (2008). A meta-analytical review of family communication patterns and their associations with information processing, behavioral, and psychosocial outcomes. Communication Monographs, 75(3), 248–269. https://doi.org/10.1080/03637750802256318
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scruggs, X., & Schrodt, P. (2021). The frequency and comfort of political conversations with parents as mediators of family communication patterns and relational quality in parent-child relationships. Journal of Family Communication, 21(1), 17–33. https://doi.org/10.1080/15267431.2020.1860053
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thorson, A. R., & Horstman, H. A. K. (2014). Buy now, pay later: Family communication patterns theory, parental financial support, and emerging adults’ openness about credit card behaviors. Journal of Family Communication, 14(1), 53–71. https://doi.org/10.1080/15267431.2013.857324
   Google Scholar
• Warren, C. (2019). Family sex communication quotient. In R. R. Milhausen, J. K. Sakaluk, T. D. Fisher, C. M. Davis, & W. L. Yarber (Eds.), Handbook of sexuality-related measures (pp. 248–252). Taylor & Francis.
   Google Scholar
• Warren, C., & Neer, M. (1986). Family sex communication orientation. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 14(2), 86–107. https://doi.org/10.1080/00909888609360307
   Google Scholar
• Warren, C., & Warren, L. K. (2015). Family and partner communication about sex. In L. H. Turner & R. West (Eds.), The SAGE handbook of family communication (pp. 184–202). SAGE Publications, Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Westbrook, L., & Schilt, K. (2014). Doing gender, determining gender: Transgender people, gender panics, and the maintenance of the sex/gender/sexuality system. Gender & Society, 28(1), 32–57. https://doi.org/10.1177/0891243213503203
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams, L. J., & Abdi, H. (2010). Fisher’s least significant difference (LSD) test. In N. Salkind (Eds.), Encyclopedia of research design (Vol. 218, pp. 840–853). Sage. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412961288.n154
   Google Scholar
• Young, J., & Schrodt, P. (2016). Family communication patterns, parental modeling, and confirmation in romantic relationships. Communication Quarterly, 64(4), 454–475. https://doi.org/10.1080/01463373.2015.1103297
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zamboni, B. D., & Silver, R. (2009). Family sex communication and the sexual desire, attitudes, and behavior of late adolescents. American Journal of Sexuality Education, 4(1), 58–78. https://doi.org/10.1080/15546120902733257
   Google Scholar