87
Views
9
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Communicative outcomes of stereotype‐based expectancies: An observational study of cross‐cultural dyads

&
Pages 338-354 | Published online: 22 May 2009

References

  • Addington , D. 1968 . Voice and the perception of personality: An experimental study , Stillwater, OK : Oklahoma State University Monographs .
  • Andersen , P. 1985 . “ Nonverbal immediacy in interpersonal communication ” . In Multichannel integrations of nonverbal behavior , Edited by: Siegman , A. W. and Feldstein , S. 1 – 36 . Hillsdale, NJ : Erlbaum .
  • Bassok , M. and Trope , Y. 1984 . People's strategies for testing hypotheses about another's personality: Confirmatory or diagnostic? . Social Cognition , 2 : 199 – 216 .
  • Berger , C. R. 1986 . “ Social cognition and intergroup communication ” . In Intergroup communication , Edited by: Gudykunst , W. 51 – 61 . Baltimore : Edward Arnold .
  • Bodenhausen , G. V. 1988 . Stereotype biases in social decision making and memory: Testing process models of stereotype use . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 55 : 726 – 737 .
  • Boski , P. 1988 . Cross‐cultural studies of person perception: Effects of ingroup/outgroup membership and ethnic schemata . Journal of Cross‐Cultural Psychology , 19 : 287 – 328 .
  • Brewer , M. B. 1988 . “ A dual process model of impression formation ” . In Advances in social cognition , Edited by: Srull , T. K. and Wyer , R. S. vol. 1 , 1 – 36 . Hillsdale, NJ : Erlbaum .
  • Burgoon , J. K. 1985 . “ Nonverbal signals ” . In Handbook of interpersonal communication , Edited by: Knapp , M. L. and Miller , G. R. 344 – 390 . Beverly Hills, CA : Sage .
  • Burgoon , J. K. and Le Poire , B. A. . Effects of communication expectancies, actual communication, and expectancy disconfirmation on evaluations of communicators and their communication behavior . Paper presented to the Speech Communication Association . Atlanta. November ,
  • Burgoon , J. K. and Newton , D. A. 1991 . Applying a social meaning model to relational message interpretations of conversational involvement: Comparing observer and participant perspectives . The Southern Communication Journal , 56 : 96 – 113 .
  • Casmir , F. L. 1985 . “ Stereotypes and schemata ” . In Communication, culture, and organizational processes , Edited by: Gudykunst , W. B. , Stewart , L. P. and Ting‐Toomey , S. 48 – 70 . Beverly Hills, CA : Sage .
  • Cegala , D. J. 1981 . Interaction involvement: A cognitive dimension of communicative competence . Communication Education , 30 : 109 – 121 .
  • Cegala , D. J. 1989 . A study of selected linguistic components of involvement in interaction . Western Journal of Speech Communication , 53 : 311 – 326 .
  • Cushner , K. 1989 . Assessing the impact of a culture‐general assimilator . International Journal of Intercultural Relations , 13 : 125 – 146 .
  • Davidson , A. R. and Thompson , E. 1980 . “ Cross‐cultural studies of attitudes and beliefs ” . In Handbook of cross‐cultural psychology , Edited by: Triandis , H. C. and Brislin , R. W. vol. 5 , 25 – 71 . Boston : Allyn & Bacon .
  • Detweiler , R. 1986 . “ Categorization, attribution and intergroup communication ” . In Intergroup communication , Edited by: Gudykunst , W. 62 – 73 . Baltimore : Edward Arnold .
  • Ehrenhaus , P. 1983 . “ Culture and the attribution process: Barriers to effective communication ” . In Intercultural communication theory , Edited by: Gudykunst , W. B. 259 – 270 . Beverly Hills : Sage .
  • Fiedler , K. , Semin , G. R. and Bolten , S. 1989 . Language use and reification of social information processing: Top‐down and bottom‐up processing in person perception . European Journal of Social Psychology , 19 : 271 – 295 .
  • Fiske , S. T. and Neuberg , S. 1990 . “ A continuum model of impression formation: From category‐based to individuating processes as a function of information, motivation, and attention ” . In Advances in experimental social psychology , Edited by: Zanna , M. P. vol. 2 , 1 – 74 . New York : Academic Press .
  • Gudykunst , W. B. 1989 . “ Culture and the development of interpersonal relationships ” . In Communication yearbook , Edited by: Anderson , J. A. Vol. 12 , 315 – 354 . Newbury Park, CA : Sage .
  • Gudykunst , W. B. and Ting‐Toomey , S. 1988 . Culture and interpersonal communication , Newbury Park, CA : Sage .
  • Hamilton , D. 1979 . “ A cognitive‐attributional analysis of stereotyping ” . In Advances in experimental social psychology , Edited by: Berkowitz , L. vol. 12 , New York : Academic Press .
  • Hamilton , D. L. , Sherman , S. J. and Ruvolo , C. M. 1990 . Stereotype based expectancies: Effects on information processing and social behavior . Journal of Social Issues , 46 : 35 – 60 .
  • Hewstone , M. and Giles , H. 1986 . “ Social groups and social stereotypes in intergroup communication: A review and model of intergroup communication breakdown ” . In Intergroup communication , Edited by: Gudykunst , W. 10 – 26 . Baltimore : Edward Arnold .
  • Hill , T. , Lewicki , P. , Czyzewski , M. and Boss , A. 1989 . Self‐perpetuating development of encoding biases in person perception . Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , 57 : 373 – 387 .
  • Hilton , J. L. and Darley , J. M. 1985 . Constructing other persons: A limit on the effect . Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , 21 : 1 – 18 .
  • Honeycutt , J. M. 1989 . Effects of preinteraction expectancies on interaction involvement and behavioral responses in initial interaction . Journal of Nonverbal Behavior , 13 : 25 – 36 .
  • Ickes , W. , Patterson , M. L. , Rajecki , D. W. and Tanford , S. 1982 . Behavioral and cognitive consequences of reciprocal versus compensatory responses to preinteraction expectancies . Social Cognition , 1 : 160 – 190 .
  • Judd , C. M. and Lusk , C. M. 1984 . Knowledge structures and evaluative judgments: Effects of structural variables on judgmental extremity . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 46 : 1193 – 1207 .
  • Kellermann , K. 1984 . The negativity effect and its implications for initial interaction . Communication Monographs , 51 : 37 – 55 .
  • Klayman , J. and Ha , Y. W. 1987 . Confirmation, disconfirmation, and information in hypothesis‐testing . Psychological Review , 94 : 211 – 228 .
  • Krueger , J. and Rothbart , M. 1988 . The use of categorical and individuating information in making inferences about personality . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 55 : 187 – 195 .
  • Lieberson , S. 1985 . Stereotypes: Their consequences for race and ethnic interaction . Research in Race and Ethnic Relations , 4 : 113 – 137 .
  • Locksley , A. , Hepburn , C. and Ortiz , V. 1982 . Social stereotypes and judgments of individuals: An instance of the base‐rate fallacy . Journal of Experimental and Social Psychology , 18 : 23 – 42 .
  • Manusov , V. 1993 . “It depends on your perspective”;: Effects of stance and beliefs about intent on person perception . Western journal of Communication , 57 : 27 – 41 .
  • McNabb , S. L. 1986 . “ Stereotypes and interaction conventions of Eskimos and non‐Eskimos ” . In Interethnic communication: Current research , Edited by: Kim , Y. Y. 21 – 41 . Newbury Park, CA : Sage .
  • Park , B. and Rothbart , M. 1982 . Perception of out‐group homogeneity and levels of social categorization . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 36 : 1202 – 1212 .
  • Rosenthal , R. and Rubin , D. B. 1978 . Interpersonal expectancy effects: The first 345 studies . Behavioral and Brain Sciences , 3 : 377 – 415 .
  • Rothbart , M. 1981 . “ Memory processes and social beliefs ” . In Cognitive processes in stereotyping and intergroup behavior , Edited by: Hamilton , D. L. Hillsdale, NJ : Erlbaum .
  • Shrout , P. E. and Fiske , D. W. 1981 . Nonverbal behaviors and social evaluation . Journal of Personality , 49 : 115 – 128 .
  • Snyder , M. and Swann , W. B. 1978 . Hypothesis‐testing processes in social interaction . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 36 : 1202 – 1212 .
  • Snyder , M. , Tanke , E. D. and Berscheid , E. 1977 . Social perception and interpersonal behavior: On the self‐fulfilling nature of social stereotypes . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 35 : 656 – 666 .
  • Srull , T. K. and Wyer , R. S. 1989 . Person memory and judgment . Psychological Review , 96 : 58 – 83 .
  • Stangor , C. and Ruble , D. N. 1989 . Strength of expectancies and memory for social information: What we remember depends on how much we know . Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , 25 : 18 – 35 .
  • Stephan , W. G. and Stephan , C. W. 1985 . Intergroup anxiety . Journal of Social Issues , 41 : 157 – 175 .
  • Swann , W. B. 1984 . Quest for accuracy in person perception: A matter of pragmatics . Psychological Review , 91 : 457 – 477 .
  • Swann , W. B. and Snyder , M. 1980 . On translating beliefs into action: Theories of ability and their application in an instructional setting . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 46 : 1287 – 1302 .
  • Tabachnick , B. G. and Fidell , L. S. 1989 . Using multivariate statistics , New York : Harper Collins .
  • Tajfel , H. 1981 . “ Social stereotypes and social groups ” . In Intergroup behavior , Edited by: Turner , J. C. and Giles , H. 144 – 167 . Chicago : The University of Chicago Press .
  • Tesser , A. 1978 . “ Self‐generated attitude change ” . In Advances in experimental social psychology , Edited by: Berkowitz , L. Vol. 11 , 290 – 338 . New York : Academic Press .
  • Triandis , H. 1977 . Interpersonal behavior , Monterrey, CA : Brooks/Cole .
  • Weitz , S. 1972 . Attitude, voice, and behavior: A repressed affect model of interracial interaction . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 24 : 14 – 21 .
  • Wilder , D. A. 1986 . “ Social categorization: Implications for creation and reduction of intergroup bias ” . In Advances in experimental social psychology , Edited by: Berkowitz , L. vol. 19 , 291 – 355 . New York : Academic Press .
  • Williams , R. N. , de la Cruz , X. and Hintze , W. J. 1989 . The stereotypical nature of stereotyping . The Journal of Social Psychology , 129 : 397 – 411 .
  • Word , C. O. , Zanna , M. P. and Cooper , J. 1974 . The nonverbal mediation of self‐fulfilling prophecies in interracial interaction . Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , 10 : 109 – 120 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.