285
Views
43
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

A “feminine style”; in women's political discourse: An exploratory essay

&
Pages 353-366 | Published online: 21 May 2009

References

  • Arliss , L. P. 1991 . Gender communication. , Englewood Cliffs : Prentice Hall .
  • Bem , S. L. 1993 . The lenses of gender: Transforming the debate on sexual inequality. , New Haven : Yale University Press .
  • Bem , S. L. 1974 . The measurement of psychological androgyny. . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 42 : 155 – 162 .
  • Blankenship , J. 1974 . The influence of mode, sub‐mode, and speaker predilection on style. . Speech Monographs , 41 : 85 – 118 .
  • Blankenship , J. 1976 . “ The search for the 1972 Democratic nomination: A metaphorical perspective. ” . In Studies in rhetoric and communication , Edited by: Blankenship , J. and Stelzner , H. 236 – 260 . Urbana : University of Illinois Press .
  • Blankenship , J. and Kang , J. G. 1991 . The 1984 presidential and vice presidential debates: The printed press and “construction” by metaphor. . Presidential Studies Quarterly , 21 : 307 – 318 .
  • Blankenship , J. , Robson , D. and Karjane , H. . "Domestic” issues in the absence of women: The 1992 presidential and vice‐presidential debates. . Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Eastern Communication Association . New Haven, CT. April ,
  • Blankenship , J. and White , C. L. . Coming to terms with terms: The 1984 vice‐presidential campaign of Geraldine Ferraro. . Paper presented at the convention of the Speech Communication Association . Chicago, IL. November ,
  • Blankenship , J. and Williams , M. . Metaphors in the discourse of women campaigning for governorships in 1990. . Paper presented at the convention of the Speech Communication Association . Atlanta, GA. November ,
  • Boxer , B. 1994 . Strangers in the Senate: Politics and the new revolution of women in America. , Washington, DC : National Press Books .
  • Burke , K. 1969 . A rhetoric of motives. , Berkeley : University of California Press .
  • Campbell , K. K. 1989 . Man cannot speak for her: A critical study of early feminist rhetoric , Vol. 1 , New York : Greenwood .
  • Campbell , K. K. , ed. 1994 . Women speakers in the United States, 1925–1993. , Westport, CT : Greenwood .
  • Cantor , D. W. and Bernay , T. 1992 . Women in power: The secrets of leadership. , Boston : Houghton Mifflin .
  • Carroll , S. J. 1985 . Women as candidates in American politics. , Bloomington : Indiana University Press .
  • Clinton , B. 1992 . “Acceptance address: Democratic nominee for president.” . Vital Speeches of the Day , 58 August 15 : 642 – 645 .
  • Coates , J. 1986 . Women, men and language. , London : Longman .
  • Cohen , R. 1984 . “Feminization” personified. . Washington Post , July 15 : B8
  • Cohn , C. 1993 . “ Wars, wimps, and women: Talking gender and thinking war. ” . In Gendering war talk , Edited by: Cooke , M. and Woollacott , A. 225 – 246 . Princeton : Princeton University Press .
  • 1991 . Congressional Record. , January 11 : H358
  • 1993 . Congressional Record. , July 22 : S9251 Amendment 610
  • 1990 . Cosmo talks to Ann Richards, Governor of Texas. . Cosmo , April : 124 – 125 .
  • Dewar , H. 1993 . Sen. Feinstein gives Idaho colleague a barrelful. . Washington Post , November 11 : 16
  • Dodson , D. L. and Carroll , S. J. 1991 . Reshaping the agenda: Women in state legislatures. , New Brunswick, NJ : Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Center for the American Woman and Politics, Eagleton Institute of Politics .
  • Dow , B. J. and Tonn , M. B. 1993 . “Feminine style” and political judgment in the rhetoric of Ann Richards. . Quarterly Journal of Speech , 79 : 286 – 302 .
  • EMILY's List Majority Council Conference . 1994 . “ Response by Congresswoman Eva Clayton to question posed by Jane Blankenship. ” . Washington D. C.
  • Foss , K. A. and Foss , S. K. 1991 . Women speaking. , Prospect Heights, IL : Waveland .
  • Fraser , N. 1992 . Sex, lies, and the public sphere: Some reflections on the confirmation of Clarence Thomas. . Critical inquiry , 18 : 595 – 612 .
  • Gertzog , I. N. 1984 . Congressional women: Their recruitment, treatment, and behavior. , New York : Praeger .
  • Gilligan , C. 1982 . In a different voice: Psychological theory and women's development. , Cambridge : Harvard University Press .
  • Ginsberg , R. B. 1993 . By Judge Ginsberg. . New York Times , June 15 : A22
  • Goodman , E. 1988 . After ERA. . Washington Post , January 30 : A18
  • Goodman , E. 1993 . Value judgments. , New York : Farrar, Strauss, Giroux .
  • Greenberg‐Lake: The Analysis Group. Credibility and message: Where small differences mean a lot. , Washington, DC : EMILY's List . (n.d.)
  • Greenberg‐Lake: The Analysis Group . Women's voices project. , Washington, DC : Center for Policy Alternatives . (n.d.)
  • Gregg , N. 1991 . Women telling stories about reality: Subjectivity, the generation of meaning and the organizing of a union at Yale. . Dissertation Abstracts International , 53 : 4494
  • Huddy , L. and Terkildsen , N. 1993 . The consequences of gender stereotypes for women candidates at different levels and types of office. . Political Research Quarterly , 46 : 503 – 525 .
  • Hymes , D. H. 1960 . “ Phonological aspects of style: Some English sonnets. ” . In Style in language , Edited by: Sebeok , T. A. 109 – 131 . Cambridge : MIT Press .
  • Hymes , D. H. 1961 . On typology of cognitive styles in language. . Anthropological Linguistics , 3 (1) : 22 – 54 .
  • Jamieson , K. H. 1988 . Eloquence in an electronic age: The transformation of political speechmaking. , New York : Oxford University Press .
  • Kathlene , L. 1991 . “ Ways women politicians are making a difference. ” . In Gender and policymaking: Studies of women in office , Edited by: Dodson , D. L. 31 – 38 . New Brunswick, NJ : Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Center for the American Woman and Politics, Eagleton Institute of Politics .
  • Kathlene , L. 1992 . Studying the new voice of women in politics. . Chronicle of Higher Education , 39 (13) : B1 – B2 .
  • Kramarae , C. , Schulz , M. and O'Barr , W. M. 1984 . Language and power. , Beverly Hills : Sage .
  • Kunin , M. 1991 . Transcription of testimony before Senate Judiciary Committee. . September 19
  • Kurtz , H. 1992 . Capitol gains. . Working woman , February : 66 – 69 .
  • Lake , C. 1989 . Campaigning in a different voice: The views of candidates and their managers. , Washington, DC : EMILY's List .
  • Lee , J. 1993 . Perspectives on issues now being sought. . USA Today , May 4 : 1A – 2A .
  • McCabe , B. 1984 . The priority of NOW. . Boston Globe , July 6 : 57
  • Margolies‐Mezvinsky , M. 1994 . A woman's place . . . The freshmen women who changed the face of Congress. , New York : Crown Books .
  • Michelman , K. 1991 . Transcription of testimony before Senate Judiciary Committee. . September 19
  • Mikulski , B. 1989 . Life and career of Barbara Mikulski. . An American profile interview. , December
  • Mikulski , B. 1992 . Transcription of senatorial debate between Barbara A. Mikulski and Alan L. Keyes. . October 19
  • Miller , J. B. Connections, disconnections and violations. , Work in progress No. 33 Wellesley, MA : Stone Center for Developmental Services and Studies, Wellesley College . (n.d.)
  • Morrison , T. , ed. 1992 . Race‐ing justice, en‐gendering power. , New York : Pantheon Books .
  • Ohmann , R. 1962 . Shaw: Style and the man. , Middletown, CT : Wesleyan University .
  • Pateman , C. and Hirschmann , N. 1992 . Political obligation, freedom and feminism. . American Political Science Review , 86 : 179 – 188 .
  • Robson , D. C. . "To make the world look better up close”: Congresswomen and the Gulf War debate. . Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Eastern Communication Association . Portland, ME. May ,
  • Romney , R. and Harrison , B. 1988 . Momentum: Women in American politics now. , New York : Crown .
  • Slater , W. 1991 . Richards makes mark on office. . Dallas Morning News , April 21 : 1A
  • Spender , D. 1980 . Man made language. , London : Pandora .
  • Sprague , J. 1988 . “ The other side of the banner: Toward a feminization of politics. ” . In Seeing female: Social roles and personal lives , Edited by: Brehm , S. S. 159 – 172 . New York : Greenwood .
  • Sullivan , P. A. 1989 . The 1984 vice‐presidential debate: A case study of female and male framing in political campaigns. . Communication Quarterly , 37 : 329 – 343 .
  • Thaemert , R. 1994 . Twenty percent and climbing. . State Legislatures , 20 (1) : 28 – 32 .
  • Wattleton , F. 1991 . Transcription of testimony before Senate Judiciary Committee. . September 19
  • Weick , A. 1988 . “ Other ways of seeing: The female vision. ” . In Seeing female: Social roles and personal lives , Edited by: Brehm , S. S. 185 – 194 . New York : Greenwood .
  • Witt , L. , Paget , K. M. and Matthews , G. 1994 . Running as a woman: Gender and power in American politics. , New York : Macmillan .
  • 1993 . Working Woman [Television program] , November

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.