Histological and histopathological studies on the protective role of Echinacea purpurea extract after intra-testicular injection of magnetic nanoparticles in male albino rats

References

• Cuenca AG, Jiang H, Hochwald SN, et al. Emerging implications of nanotechnology on cancer diagnostics and therapeutics. Cancer. 2006;107:459–466.10.1002/(ISSN)1097-0142
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shinohara N, Danno N, Ichinose T, et al. Tissue distribution and clearance of intravenously administered titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles. Nanotoxicology. 2014;8:132–141.10.3109/17435390.2012.763001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang JX, Fan YB, Gao Y, et al. TiO2 nanoparticles translocation and potential toxicological effect in rats after intraarticular injection. Biomaterials. 2009;30:4590–4600.10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.05.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Janib SM, Moses AS, MacKay JA. Imaging and drug delivery using theranostic nanoparticles. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2010;62:1052–1063.10.1016/j.addr.2010.08.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lammers T, Aime S, Hennink WE, et al. Theranostic nanomedicine. Acc Chem Res. 2011;44:1029–1038.10.1021/ar200019c
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee DE, Koo H, Sun IC, et al. Multifunctional nanoparticles for multimodal imaging and theragnosis. Chem Soc Rev. 2012;41:2656–2672.10.1039/C2CS15261D
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun C, Lee JS, Zhang M. Magnetic nanoparticles in MR imaging and drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2008;60:1252–1265.10.1016/j.addr.2008.03.018
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoo D, Lee JH, Shin TH, et al. Theranostic magnetic nanoparticles. Acc Chem Res. 2011;44:863–874.10.1021/ar200085c
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahmoudi M, Sant S, Wang B, et al. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs): development, surface modification and applications inchemotherapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2011;63:24–46.10.1016/j.addr.2010.05.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maier-Hauff K, Ulrich F, Nestler D, et al. Efficacy and safety of intratumoral thermotherapy using magnetic iron-oxide nanoparticles combined with external beam radiotherapy on patients with recurrent glioblastoma multiforme. J Neurooncol. 2011;103:317–324.10.1007/s11060-010-0389-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gromadzka-Ostrowska J, Dziendzikowska K, Lankoff A, et al. Silver nanoparticles effects on epididymal sperm in rats. Toxicol Lett. 2012;214:251–258.10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.08.028
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dziendzikowska K, Gromadzka-Ostrowska J, Lankoff A, et al. Time-dependent biodistribution and excretion of silver nanoparticles in male Wistar rats. J Appl Toxicol. 2012;32:920–928.10.1002/jat.v32.11
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim YS, Song MY, Park JD, et al. Subchronic oral toxicity of silver nanoparticles. Part Fibre Toxicol. 2010;7:20.10.1186/1743-8977-7-20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kong L, Tang M, Zhang T, et al. Nickel nanoparticles exposure and reproductive toxicity in healthy adult rats. Int J Mol Sci. 2014;15:21253–21269.10.3390/ijms151121253
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thakur M, Gupta H, Singh D, et al.  Histopathological and ultra structural effects of nanoparticles on rat testis following 90 days (Chronic study) ofrepeated oral administration. J Nanobiotechnology. 2014;12:328.10.1186/s12951-014-0042-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim JS, Yoon TJ, Yu KN, et al. Toxicity and tissue distribution of magnetic nanoparticles in mice. Toxicol Sci. 2006;89:338–347.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Häfeli U, Pauer G. In vitro and in vivo toxicity of magnetic microspheres. J Magn Magn Mater. 1999;194:76–82.10.1016/S0304-8853(98)00560-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garcia MP, Parcaa RM, Chaves SB, et al. Morphological analysis of mouse lungs after treatment with magnetite-based magnetic fluid stabilized with DMSA. J Magn Magn Mater. 2005;293:277–282.10.1016/j.jmmm.2005.02.053
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shubayev VI, Pisanic TR, Jin S. Magnetic nanoparticles for theragnostics. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2009;61:467–477.10.1016/j.addr.2009.03.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Awaad A. Histopathological and immunological changes induced by magnetite nanoparticles in the spleen, liver and genital tract of mice following intravaginal instillation. J Basic Appl Zool. 2015;71:32–47.10.1016/j.jobaz.2015.03.003
   Google Scholar
• Awaad A, Seleem AA. Histochemical changes in neonatal liver caused by vaginal instillation of magnetic nanoparticles in pregnant mice. Biotech Histochem. 2016;91:48–62.10.3109/10520295.2015.1072770
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Noori A, Parivar K, Modaresi M, et al. Effect of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles on pregnancy and testicular development of mice. Afr J Biotechnol. 2011;10:1221–1227.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sundarraj K, Manickam V, Raghunath A, et al. Repeated exposure to iron oxide nanoparticles causes testicular toxicity in mice. Environ Toxicol. 2016;32:594–608.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heidari M, Rezaie A, Broojeni MP, et al. Histopathologic effects of Echinacea purpurea extract on sodium arsenite-induced hepatic disorders. Comp Clin Pathol. 2012;21:1629–1632.10.1007/s00580-011-1338-9
   Google Scholar
• Mrozikiewicz PM, Bogacz A, Karasiewicz M, et al. The effect of standardized Echinacea purpurea extract on rat cytochrome P450 expression level. Phytomedicine. 2010;17:830–833.10.1016/j.phymed.2010.02.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agnew LL, Guffogg SP, Matthias A, et al. Echinacea intake induces an immune response through altered expression of leucocyte hsp70, increasedwhite cell counts and improved erythrocyte antioxidant defences. J Clin Pharm Ther. 2005;30:363–369.10.1111/jcp.2005.30.issue-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aherne SA, Kerry JP, O’Brien NM. Effects of plant extracts on antioxidant status and oxidant-induced stress in Caco-2 cells. Br J Nutr. 2007;97:321–328.10.1017/S0007114507250469
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Masteikova R, Muselik J, Bernatoniene J, et al. Antioxidative activity of Ginkgo Echinacea, and Ginseng tinctures. Medicina (Kaunas). 2007;43:306–309.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barrett B. Medicinal properties of Echinacea: a critical review. Phytomedicine. 2003;10:66–86.10.1078/094471103321648692
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gan XH, Zhang L, Heber D, et al. Mechanism of activation of human peripheral blood NK cells at the single cell level by Echinacea water soluble extracts: recruitment of lymphocyte –target conjugates and killer cells and activation of programming for lysis. Int Immunopharmacol. 2003;3:811–824.10.1016/S1567-5769(02)00298-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steinmüller C, Roesler J, Gröttrup E, et al. Polysaccharides isolated from plant cell cultures of Echinacea purpurea enhance the resistance of immunosuppressed mice against systemic infections with Candida albicans and Listeria monocyto-genes. Int J Immunopharmacol. 1993;15:605–614.10.1016/0192-0561(93)90078-D
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roesler J, Steinmüller C, Kiderlen A, et al. Application of purified polysaccharides from cell cultures of the plant Echinacea purpurea to mice mediatesprotection against systemic infections with Listeria monocytogenes and Candida albicans. Int J Immunopharmacol. 1991;13:27–37.10.1016/0192-0561(91)90022-Y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Snow-Lisy DC, Samplaski MK, Labhasetwar V, et al. Drug delivery to the testis: current status and potential pathways for the development of novel therapeutics. Drug Deliv Transl Res. 2011;1:351–360.10.1007/s13346-011-0039-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayashi K, Ono K, Suzuki H, et al. Synthesis of spinel iron oxide nanoparticle/organic hybrid for hyperthermia. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2010;2:1903–1911.10.1021/am100237p
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jarow JP, Keeney DS, Robaire B, et al. In vivo model for chronic direct intratesticular drug administration. J Androl. 1994;15:456–461.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Segal AW, Gregoriadis G, Black CD. Liposomes as vehicles for the local release of drugs. Clin Sci Mol Med. 1975;49:99–106.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Manke A, Wang L, Rojanasakul Y. Mechanisms of nanoparticle-induced oxidative stress and toxicity. Biomed Res Int. 2013;20:942916.
   Google Scholar
• Li JJ, Muralikrishnan S, Ng CT, et al. Nanoparticle-induced pulmonary toxicity. Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2010;235:1025–1033.10.1258/ebm.2010.010021
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Azad N, Iyer AK, Wang L, et al. Reactive oxygen species-mediated p38 MAPK regulates carbon nanotube-induced fibrogenic and angiogenic responses. Nanotoxicology. 2013;7:157–168.10.3109/17435390.2011.647929
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• He X, Young SH, Fernback JE, et al. Single-walled carbon nanotubes induce fibrogenic effect by disturbing mitochondrial oxidative stress and activating NF-κB signaling. J Clin Toxicol Suppl. 2012;5. doi:10.4172/2161-0495.S5-005.
   Google Scholar
• Goel V, Chang C, Slama J, et al. Echinacea stimulates macrophage function in the lung and spleen of normal rats. J Nutr Biochem. 2002;13:487.10.1016/S0955-2863(02)00190-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen Y, Fu T, Tao T, et al. Macrophage activating effects of new alkamides from the roots of Echinacea species. J Nat Prod. 2005;68:773–776.10.1021/np040245f
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skaudickas D, Kondrotas A, Baltrusaitis K. The effect of Echinacea purpurea extract on sexual glands of male rats. Medicina (Kaunas). 2004;40:1211–1218.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• De Jong WH, Van Der Ven LT, et al. Systemic and immunotoxicity of silver nanoparticles in an intravenous 28 days repeated dose toxicity study in rats. Biomaterials. 2013;34:8333–8343.10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.06.048
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar