A review of smoking behavior and smokers evidence (chemical modification, inducing nicotine metbolism, and individual variations by genotype: dopaminergic function and personality traits)

References

• Ariyoshi, N., Takahashi, Y., Miyamoto, M., Umetsu, Y., Daigo, S., Tateishi, T., et al. (2000). Structural characterization of a new variant of the CYP2A6 gene (CYP2A6*1B) apparently diagnosed as heterozygotes of CYP2A6*1A and CYP2A6*4C. Pharmacogenetics 10:687–693.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Benowitz, N. L., Jacob, P., 3rd, Sachs, D. P. (1995). Deficient C-oxidation of nicotine. Clin Pharmacol Ther 57:590–594.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benowitz, N. L., Swan, G. E., Jacob, P., 3rd, Lessov-Schlaggar, C. N., Tyndale, R. F. (2006). CYP2A6 genotype and the metabolism and disposition kinetics of nicotine. Clin Pharmacol Ther 80:457–467.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caporaso, N. E., Lerman, C., Audrain, J., Boyd, N. R., Main, D., Issaq, H. J., et al. (2001). Nicotine metabolism and CYP2D6 phenotype in smokers. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 10:261–263.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campo-Arias, A., Diaz-Martinez, L. A., Rueda-Jaimes, G. E., Rueda-Sanchez, M., Farelo-Palacin, D., Diaz, F. J., et al. (2006). Smoking is associated with schizophrenia, but not with mood disorders, within a population with low smoking rates: a matched case-control study in Bucaramanga, Colombia. Schizophr Res 83(2–3):269–276.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Costa, P. T. J., McCrae, R. R. (1992). Revised NEO personality inventory (NEO-PI-R) and NEO five-factor inventory (NEO-FFI) professional manual. Odessa, Florida, USA: Psychological Assessment Resources.
   Google Scholar
• Crawley, J. N., Corwin, R. L. (1994). Biological actions of cholecystokinin. Peptides 15:731–755.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Erblich, J., Lerman, C., Self, D. W., Diaz, G. A., Bovbjerg, D. H. (2004). Stress-induced cigarette craving: effects of the DRD2 TaqI RFLP and SLC6A3 VNTR polymorphisms. Pharmacogenomics J 4:102–109.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Erblich, J., Lerman, C., Self, D. W., Diaz, G. A., Bovbjerg, D. H. (2005). Effects of dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) and transporter (SLC6A3) polymorphisms on smoking cue-induced cigarette craving among African-American smokers. Mol Psychiatry 10:407–414.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fagerstrom, K., Balfour, D. J. (2006). Neuropharmacology and potential efficacy of new treatments for tobacco dependence. Exp Opin Investig Drugs 15:107–116.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferrier, I. N., Crow, T. J., Farmery, S. M., Roberts, G. W., Owen, F., Adrian, T. E., et al. (1985). Reduced cholecystokinin levels in the limbic lobe in schizophrenia. A marker for pathology underlying the defect state? Annu N Y Acad Sci 448:495–506.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fujii, C., Harada, S., Ohkoshi, N., Hayashi, A., Yoshizawa, K., Ishizuka, C., et al. (1999). Association between polymorphism of the cholecystokinin gene and idiopathic Parkinson’s disease. Clin Genet 56:394–399.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gelernter, J., Kranzler, H. R., Satel, S. L., Rao, P. A. (1994). Genetic association between dopamine transporter protein alleles and cocaine-induced paranoia. Neuropsychopharmacology 11:195–200.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerra, G., Ceresini, S., Esposito, A., Zaimovic, A., Moi, G., Bussandri, M., et al. (2003). Neuroendocrine and behavioral responses to opioid receptor-antagonist during heroin detoxification: relationship with personality traits. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 18:261–269.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Inoue, K., Yamazaki, H., Shimada, T. (2000). CYP2A6 genetic polymorphisms and liver microsomal coumarin and nicotine oxidation activities in Japanese and Caucasians. Arch Toxicol 73:532–539.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iwahashi, K., Matsuo, Y., Suwaki, H., Nakamura, K., Ichikawa, Y. (1995). CYP2E1 and ALDH2 genotypes and alcohol dependence in Japanese. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 19:564–566.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iwahashi K, Waga C, Takimoto T. (2004). Whole deletion of CYP2A6 gene (CYP2A6A*4C) and smoking behavior. Neuropsychobiology 49:101–104.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelley, A. E. (2002). Nicotinic receptors: addiction’s smoking gun?Nat Med 8:447–449.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lerman, C., Caporaso, N. E., Audrain, J., Main, D., Bowman, E. D., Lockshin, B, et al. (1999). Evidence suggesting the role of specific genetic factors in cigarette smoking. Health Psychol 18:14–20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lerman, C., Caparaso, N. E., Audrain, J., Main, D., Boyd, N. R., Shields, P. G. (2000). Interacting effect of the serotonin transporter gene and neuroticism in smoking practices and ­nicotine dependence. Mol Psychiatr 5:189–182.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marshall, F. H., Barnes, S., Hughes, J., Woodruff, G. N., Hunter, J. C. (1991). Cholecystokinin modulates the release of dopamine from the anterior and posterior nucleus accumbens by two different mechanisms. J Neurochem 56:917–922.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miyasato, K. (2001). Recent advances in research on nicotine dependence and reward mechanism. Folica Pharmacol Jap 117:27–34.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nakajima, M., Kwon, J. T., Tanaka, N., Zenta, T., Yamamoto, Y., Yamamoto, H., et al. (2001). Relationship between interindividual differences in nicotine metabolism and CYP2A6 genetic polymorphism in humans. Clin Pharmacol Ther 69:72–78.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oscarson, M. (2001). Genetic polymorphisms in the cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) gene: implications for interindividual differences in nicotine metabolism. Drug Metab Dispos 29:91–95.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patersom, D., Nordberg, A. (2000). Neuronal nicotinic receptors in human brain. Prog Neurobiol 61:75–111.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pollock, B. G., Ferrell, R. E., Mulsant, B. H., Mazumdar, S., Miller, M., Sweet, R. A., et al. (2000). Allelic variation in the serotonin transporter promoter affect onset of paroxetine treatment response in late-life depression. Neuropsychopharmacology 23:587–590.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rahman, S., Zhang, J., Corrigall, W. A. (2003). Effects of acute and chronic nicotine on somatodendritic dopamine release of the rat ventral tegmental area: in vivo microdialysis study. Neurosci Lett 348:61–64.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rasmusssen, K., Czachura, J. F., Kallman, M. J., Helton, D. R. (1996). The CCK-B antagonist, LY288513, blocks the effects of nicotine withdrawal on auditory startle. Neuroreport 7:1050–1052.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seto, M., Uesato, I. (2002). The relationship among personality, behavior pattern, and smoking behavior. Brain Science Jap 22:969–974.
   Google Scholar
• Tachikawa, H., Harada, S., Kawanishi, Y., Okubo, T., Suzuki, T. (2001).Linked polymorphisms (–333G>T and–286A>G) in the promoter region of the CCK-A receptor gene may be associated with schizophrenia. Psychiatr Res 103(2–3):147–155.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takimoto, T., Terayama, H., Waga, C., Okayama, T., Ikeda, K., Fukunishi, I., et al. (2005). Cholecystokinin (CCK) and the CCKA receptor gene polymorphism, and smoking behavior. Psychiatry Res 133(2–3):123–128.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tyndale, R. F., Sellers, E. M. (2002). Genetic variation in CYP2A6-mediated nicotine metabolism alters smoking behavior. Ther Drug Monit 24:167–171.
   Google Scholar
• Waga, C., Iwahashi, K. (2007). CYP2A6 gene polymorphism and pesonality traits for NEO-FFI on the smoking behavior of youths. Drug Chem Toxicol 30:343–349.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wei, J., Hemmings, G. P. (1999). The CCK-A receptor gene ­possibly associated with auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia. Eur Psychiatr 14:67–70.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamazaki, H., Inoue, K., Hashimoto, M., Shimada, T. (1999). Roles of CYP2A6 and CYP2B6 in nicotine C-oxidation by human liver microsomes. Arch Toxicol 73(10–11):65–70.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, X. Y., Zhou, D. F., Zhang, P. Y., Wei, J. (2000). The CCK-A receptor gene possibly associated with positive symptoms of schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatr 5:239–240.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar