Assessment of the phenolic content, mutagenicity and genotoxicity of ethanolic extracts of stem bark and leaves from Strychnos pseudoquina A. St.-hil

References

• Arora, S., et al., 2005. Evaluation or DNA-damaging of medicinal plant extracts by the comet and Vitotox® tests. Journal of Environmental Pathology, Toxicology, and Oncology, 24 (3), 193–200.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhattacharyya, A., et al., 2014. Oxidative stress: an essential factor in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal mucosal diseases. Physiological Reviews, 94 (2), 329–354.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boff, L., et al., 2016. Strychnos pseudoquina A. St. Hil.: a Brazilian medicinal plant with promising in vitro antiherpes activity. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 121 (6), 1519–1529.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Botsaris, A.S., 2007. Plants used traditionally to treat malaria in Brazil: the archives of Flora Medicinal. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, 3 (1), 18–18.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Correa, P. M., 1926. Dicionário das Plantas Uteis do Brasil e das Exóticas Cultivadas. (1st ed.). Rio de Janeiro: Imprensa Oficial.
   Google Scholar
• Cosenza, G.P., et al., 2013. Bitter plants used as substitute of Cinchona spp. (quina) in Brazilian traditional medicine. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 149 (3), 790–796.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cragg, G.M., and Newman, D.J., 2013. Natural products: a continuing source of novel drug leads. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 1830 (6), 3670–3695.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cruz, G. L., 1982. Dicionário de Plantas Usuais do Brasil. Rio de Janeiro: Civilização Brasileira.
   Google Scholar
• Dantas, F.J.S., et al., 1999. Stannous chloride mediates single strand breaks in plasmid DNA through reactive oxygen species formation. Toxicology Letters, 110 (3), 129–136.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Mattos, J.C.P., et al., 2000. Damage induced by stannous chloride in plasmid DNA. Toxicology Letters, 116 (1–2), 159–163.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diouf, P.N., Stevanovic, T., and Cloutier, A., 2009. Study on chemical composition, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of hot water extract from Picea mariana bark and its proanthocyanidin-rich fractions. Food Chemistry, 113 (4), 897–902.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EFSA, European Food Safety Authority, 2009. Guidance on safety assessment of botanicals and botanical preparations intended for use as ingredients in food supplements. Efsa Journal, 7 (9), 1249.
   Google Scholar
• Gontijo, D.C., et al., 2012. Evaluation of the genotoxic potential of ethanolic extracts of stem bark and leaves of Bathysa cuspidata (A.St.-Hil.) Hook. Journal of Basic and Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences, 33, 355–359.
   Google Scholar
• Gontijo, D.C., et al., 2017. Identification of phenolics compounds and biologically related activities from Ocotea odorifera aqueous extract leaves. Food Chemistry, 230, 618–626.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson, J.J., Bailey, H.H., and Mukhtar, H., 2010. Green tea polyphenols for prostate cancer chemoprevention: a translational perspective. Phytomedicine, 17 (1), 3–13.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jordan, S.A., Cunningham, D.G., and Marles, R.J., 2010. Assessment of herbal medicinal products: Challenges, and opportunities to increase the knowledge base for safety assessment. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 243 (2), 198–216.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khazir, J., et al., 2014. Role of plants in anticancer drug discovery. Phytochemistry Letters, 7, 173–181.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lage, P.S., et al., 2013. Strychnos pseudoquina and its purifiec compounds present an effective in vitro antileishmanial activity. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2013, 1.
   Google Scholar
• Lamaison, J.L.C., and Carnet, A., 1990. Teneurs en principaux flavonoides des fleurs de Crataegus monogyna Jacq et de Crataegus laevigata (Poiret D.C.) en fonction de la vegetation. Pharmaceutica Acta Helvetiae, 65, 315–320.
   Google Scholar
• Liu, X., et al., 2013. Pharmacological tools for the development of traditional Chinese medicine. Trends in Pharmacological Sciences, 34 (11), 620–628.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maron, D.M., and Ames, B.N., 1983. Revised methods for the Salmonella mutagenicity test. Mutation Research, 113 (3–4), 173–215.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mortelmans, K., and Zeiger, E., 2000. The Ames Salmonella/microsome mutagenicity assay. Mutation Research, 455 (1–2), 29–60.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mosihuzzaman, M., and Choudhary, M.I., 2008. Protocols on safety, efficacy, standardization, and documentation of herbal medicine (IUPAC technical report). Pure and Applied Chemistry, 80 (10), 2195–2230.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nicoletti, M., et al., 1984. Flavonoids and alkaloids from Strychnos pseudoquina. Journal of Natural Products, 47 (6), 953–957.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nunes, L.G., et al., 2012. The mutagenic, DNA-damaging and antioxidative properties of bark and leaf extracts from Coutarea hexandra (Jacq.) K. Schum. Environmental Toxicology and Phamacology, 33 (2), 297–303.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Price, M.L., Hagerman, A.E., and Butler, L.G., 1980. Tannin content of cowpeas, chickpeas, pigeon peas, and mung beans. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 28 (2), 459–461.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reiniger, I.W., et al., 1999. Boldine action against the stannous chloride effect. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 68 (1–3), 345–348.,
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robinson, M. M., and Zhang, X., 2011. Traditional medicines: global situation, issues and challenges. The world medicines situation. (3rd ed). Geneva: WHO.
   Google Scholar
• Santos, F.V., et al., 2006. Assessment of DNA damage by extracts and fractions of Strychnos pseudoquina, a Brazilian medicinal plant with antiulcerogenic activity. Food and Chemistry Toxicology, 44 (9), 1585–1589.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Santos, F.V., et al., 2010. Mutagenicity of two species of the genus Alchornea measured by Salmonella microsome assay and micronucleus test. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia, 20 (3), 382–389.
   Google Scholar
• Sarandy, M.M., et al., 2017. Hydroethanolic Extract of Strychnos pseudoquina Accelerates Skin Wound Healing by Modulating the Oxidative Status and Microstructural Reorganization of Scar Tissue in Experimental Type I Diabetes. BioMed Research International, 2017, 1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sarandy, M.M., et al., 2018. Strychnos pseudoquina modulates the morphological reorganization of the scar tissue of second intention cutaneous wounds in rats. Plos One, 13 (4), e0195786.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silva, M.A., et al., 2005. Evaluation for Strychnos pseudoquina St. Hil. leaves extract on gastrointestinal activity in mice. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 53, 881–885.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verza, S.G., et al., 2007. Evaluation of analytical variables of the Folin-Ciocalteu method for the quantitation of the total tannins content using a Psidium guajava L. leaves aqueous extract as a model. Química Nova, 30 (4), 815–820.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wagner, H., Bland, S., and Zgainski, E. M., 1984. Plant drug analysis. (1st ed.). Berlim: Springer-Verlag.
   Google Scholar
• Wu, C.R., et al., 2011. Evaluation of the antioxidant activity of five endemic Ligustrum species leaves from Taiwan flora in vitro. Food Chemistry, 127 (2), 564–571.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar