230
Views
2
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Articles

Genotoxic effects of drospirenone and ethinylestradiol in human breast cells (in vitro) and bone marrow cells of female mice (in vivo)

, , &
Pages 1493-1499 | Received 26 May 2020, Accepted 20 Oct 2020, Published online: 04 Nov 2020

References

  • Ali, E.H., 2008. Protective effects of Echinacea on cyproterone acetate induced liver damage in male rats. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences : PJBS, 11 (21), 2464–2471.
  • Al-Juraisy, Y.H., 2016. Modulatory effects of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera l.) pits extract against ethinylestradiol induced genotoxic damage in cultured human lymphocytes. Iraqi Journal of Science, 57, 576–582.
  • Anderson, E., 2002. The role of oestrogen and progesterone receptors in human mammary development and tumorigenesis. Breast Cancer Research : BCR, 4 (5), 197–201.
  • Azqueta, A. and Collins, A.R., 2013. The essential comet assay: a comprehensive guide to measuring DNA damage and repair. Archives of Toxicology, 87 (6), 949–968.
  • Bellanti, F., et al., 2013. Sex hormones modulate circulating antioxidant enzymes: impact of estrogen therapy. Redox Biology, 1 (1), 340–346.
  • Blode, H., et al., 2012. Pharmacokinetics of drospirenone and ethinylestradiol in Caucasian and Japanese women. The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care : The Official Journal of the European Society of Contraception, 17 (4), 284–297.
  • Brambilla, G. and Martelli, A., 2004. Failure of the standard battery of short-term tests in detecting some rodent and human genotoxic carcinogens. Toxicology, 196 (1-2), 1–19.
  • Brisken, C., 2013. Progesterone signalling in breast cancer: a neglected hormone coming into the limelight. Nature Reviews. Cancer, 13 (6), 385–396.
  • Burcham, P.C., 1998. Genotoxic lipid peroxidation products: their DNA damaging properties and role in formation of endogenous DNA adducts. Mutagenesis, 13 (3), 287–305.
  • Capel, I.D. and Smallwood, A.E., 1983. Sex differences in the glutathione peroxidase activity of various tissues of the rat. Research Communications in Chemical Pathology and Pharmacology, 40 (3), 367–378.
  • Cavalieri, E., et al., 2000. Estrogens as endogenous genotoxic agents—DNA adducts and mutations. JNCI Monographs, 2000 (27), 75–93.
  • Cavalieri, E. and Rogan, E., 2014. The molecular etiology and prevention of estrogen-initiated cancers: Ockham’s Razor: Pluralitas non est ponenda sine necessitate. Plurality should not be posited without necessity. Molecular Aspects of Medicine, 36, 1–55.
  • Chlebowski, R.T., et al., 2013. Estrogen plus progestin and breast cancer incidence and mortality in the women’s health initiative observational study. JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 105 (8), 526–535.
  • Daradka, H.M. and Alshibly, N.M.Y., 2012. Effect of Artemisia alba L. extract against ethinylestradiol induced genotoxic damage in cultured human lymphocytes. African Journal of Biotechnology, 11 (86), 15246–15250.
  • Fernandez, S.V. and Russo, J., 2010. Estrogen and xenoestrogens in breast cancer. Toxicologic Pathology, 38 (1), 110–122.
  • Grujičić, D., et al., 2016. Cytogenetic biomarkers in detection of genotoxic effects of gestagens in peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro and in vivo. European Journal of Medical Genetics, 59 (12), 624–633.
  • Hilton, H.N., et al., 2015. Minireview: progesterone regulation of proliferation in the normal human breast and in breast cancer: a tale of two scenarios? Molecular Endocrinology (Baltimore, Md.), 29 (9), 1230–1242.
  • Hilton, H.N., et al., 2014. Acquired convergence of hormone signaling in breast cancer: ER and PR transition from functionally distinct in normal breast to predictors of metastatic disease. Oncotarget, 5 (18), 8651–8664.
  • Hunter, D.J., et al., 2010. Oral contraceptive use and breast cancer: a prospective study of young women. Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention, 19 (10), 2496–2502.
  • International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2012. Monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans, hormonal contraception and post-menopausal hormonal therapy, Vols. 72, 91, 100A. Lyon, France: IARC.
  • International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1987. IARC monographs on the evaluation of the carcinogenic risks to humans, supplement 7: overall evaluations of carcinogenicity: an updating of IARC monographs. Vols. 1–42. Lyon, France: IARC, 96–97, 273–310.
  • Johnson, T.M., et al., 1996. Reactive oxygen species are downstream mediators of p53-dependent apoptosis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 93 (21), 11848–11852.
  • Kawai, Y. and Nuka, E., 2018. Abundance of DNA adducts of 4-oxo-2-alkenals, lipid peroxidation-derived highly reactive genotoxins. Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition, 62 (1), 3–10.
  • Kerdar, R.S., et al., 1995. Identification of 3 alpha-hydroxy-cyproterone acetate as a metabolite of cyproterone acetate in the bile of female rats and the potential of this and other already known or putative metabolites to form DNA adducts in vitro. Carcinogenesis, 16 (8), 1835–1841.
  • Kowalska, K. and Milnerowicz, H., 2016. Pro/antioxidant status in young healthy women using oral contraceptives. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, 43, 1–6.
  • Krattenmacher, R., 2000. Drospirenone: pharmacology and pharmacokinetics of a unique progestogen. Contraception, 62 (1), 29–38.
  • Lang, R. and Redmann, U., 1979. Non-mutagenicity of some sex hormones in the Ames Salmonella microsome mutagenicity test. Mutation Research, 67 (4), 361–365.
  • Lang, R. and Reimann, R., 1993. Studies for a genotoxic potential of some endogenous and exogenous sex steroids. I. Communication: examination for the induction of gene mutations using the Ames Salmonella/microsome test and the HGPRT test in V79 cells. Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis, 21 (3), 272–304.
  • Liao, W., et al., 2009. The comet assay: a sensitive method for detecting DNA damage in individual cells. Methods (San Diego, Calif.), 48 (1), 46–53.
  • Liehr, J.G., 1997. Hormone-associated cancer: mechanistic similarities between human breast cancer and estrogen-induced kidney carcinogenesis in hamsters. Environmental Health Perspective, 105 (3), 565–569.
  • Lieselot, Y., et al., 2016. Diet-related DNA adduct formation in relation to carcinogenesis. Nutrition Reviews, 74, 475–489.
  • Lovett, J.L., et al., 2017. Oral contraceptives cause evolutionarily novel increases in hormone exposure: a risk factor for breast cancer. Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health, 2017 (1), 97–108.
  • Lydon, J.P., et al., 1999. Murine mammary gland carcinogenesis is critically dependent on progesterone receptor function. Cancer Research, 59 (17), 4276–4284.
  • Marnett, L.J., 1999. Lipid peroxidation – DNA damage by malondialdehyde. Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis, 424 (1-2), 83–95.
  • Marnett, L.J., 2002. Oxyradicals, lipid peroxidation and DNA damage. Toxicology, 181-182, 219–222.
  • Marnett, L.J., et al., 2003. Endogenous generation of reactive oxidants and electrophiles and their reactions with DNA and protein. The Journal of Clinical Investigation, 111 (5), 583–593.
  • Martelli, A., et al., 2003. Species, sex and inter-individual differences in DNA repair induced by nine sex steroids in primary cultures of rat and human hepatocytes. Mutation Research, 536 (1-2), 69–78.
  • Masengu, C., et al., 2014. Inhibitory activity of Combretumzeyheri and its S9 metabolites against Escherchia coli, Bacilus subtulis, and Candida albicans. Journal of Microbiology and Biochemical Technology, 6 (4), 228–235.
  • Nair, U., et al., 2007. Lipid peroxidation-induced DNA damage in cancer-prone inflammatory diseases: a review of published adduct types and levels in humans. Free Radical Biology & Medicine, 43 (8), 1109–1120.
  • Nutter, M., et al., 1994. An o-quinone form of estrogen produces free radicals in human breast cancer cells: correlation with DNA damage . Chemical Research in Toxicology, 7 (1), 23–28.
  • Orozco-Hernández, L., et al., 2018. 17β-Estradiol induces cyto-genotoxicity on blood cells of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Chemosphere, 191, 118–127.
  • Osman, A.G., 2014. Genotoxicity tests and their contributions in aquatic environmental research. Journal of Environmental Protection, 05 (14), 1391–1399.
  • Pajovic, S.B. and Saicic, Z.S., 2008. Modulation of antioxidant enzyme activities by sexual steroid hormones. Physiological Research, 57 (6), 801–811.
  • Poirier, M.C., 2004. Chemical-induced DNA damage and human cancer risk. Nature Reviews. Cancer, 4 (8), 630–637.
  • Reimann, R., Kalweit, S., and Lang, R., 1996. Studies for a genotoxic potential of some endogenous and exogenous sex steroids. II. Communication: examination for the induction of cytogenetic damage using the chromosomal aberration assay on human lymphocytes in vitro and the mouse bone marrow micronucleus test in vivo. Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis, 28 (2), 133–144.
  • Russo, J. and Russo, I.H., 2006. The role of estrogen in the initiation of breast cancer. The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 102 (1-5), 89–96.
  • Schulte-Hermann, R., et al., 1981. Enhanced proliferation of putative preneoplastic cells in rat liver following treatment with the tumor promoters phenobarbital, hexachlorocyclohexane, steroid compounds, and nafenopin. Cancer Research, 41, 2256–2262.
  • Schulte-Hermann, R., et al., 1988. Quantitative structure-activity studies on effects of sixteen different steroids on growth and monooxygenases of rat liver. Cancer Research, 48, 2462–2468.
  • Siddique, Y.H., et al., 2005. Genotoxic potential of ethinylestradiol in cultured mammalian cells. Chemico-Biological Interactions, 151 (2), 133–141.
  • Siddque, Y.H., et al., 2011. Protective role of Eclipta alba L. extract against ethinylestradiol induced genotoxic damage in cultured human lymphocytes. Alternative Medicine Studies, 1, e4.
  • Singh, N.P., et al., 1988. A simple technique for quantitation of low levels of DNA damage in individual cells. Experimental Cell Research, 175 (1), 184–191.
  • Stack, D.E., et al., 1996. Molecular characteristics of catechol estrogen quinones in reactions with deoxyribonucleosides. Chemical Research in Toxicology, 9 (5), 851–859.
  • Stiborová, M., 2018. Exposure to endocrine disruptors 17alpha-ethinylestradiol and estradiol influences cytochrome P450 1A1-mediated genotoxicity of benzo[a]pyrene and expression of this enzyme in rats. Toxicology, 400–401, 48–56.
  • Topinka, J., et al., 1993. Cyproterone acetate generates DNA adducts in rat liver and in primary rat hepatocyte cultures. Carcinogenesis, 14 (3), 423–427.
  • U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER), 2005. Estimating the maximum safe starting dose in initial clinical trials for therapeutics in adult healthy volunteers. Guidance for Industry. Available from: http://www.fda.gov/cder/guidance/index.htm
  • Wang, H.-C. and Lee, W.-S., 2016. Molecular mechanisms underlying progesterone-enhanced breast cancer cell migration. Scientific Reports, 6, 31509.
  • Werner, S., et al., 1997. Formation of DNA adducts by cyproterone acetate and some structural analogues in primary cultures of human hepatocytes. Mutation Research, 395 (2-3), 179–189.
  • Yager, J.D. and Liehr, J.G., 1996. Molecular mechanisms of estrogen carcinogenesis. Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 36, 203–232.
  • Yu, H.-S., et al., 2010. Formation of acetaldehyde-derived DNA adducts due to alcohol exposure. Chemico-Biological Interactions, 188 (3), 367–375.
  • Zhu, B.T. and Conney, A.H., 1998. Functional role of estrogen metabolism in target cells: review and perspectives. Carcinogenesis, 19 (1), 1–27.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.