Mutagenic and teratogenic toxicity evaluation of Forsythia suspensa leaves aqueous extract

References

• Bao, J., et al., 2016. Forsythiae Fructus inhibits B16 melanoma growth involving MAPKs/Nrf2/HO-1 mediated anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation. The American Journal of Chinese Medicine, 44 (5), 1043–1061.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Byass, P., 2020. Eco-epidemiological assessment of the COVID-19 epidemic in China, January-February 2020. Global Health Action, 13 (1), 1760490.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, L., et al., 2018. Comparison of neuroprotective effect of Forsythia suspensa leaf extract and forsythiaside, one of its metabolites. Natural Product Research, 32 (22), 2705–2708.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fan, T., et al., 2020. [Analysis of medication characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine in treating COVID-19 based on data mining]. Zhejiang da Xue Xue Bao. Yi Xue Ban = Journal of Zhejiang University. Medical Sciences, 49 (2), 260–269.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fang, X., et al., 2018. Optimization of ultrasonic-assisted simultaneous extraction of three active compounds from the fruits of Forsythia suspensa and comparison with conventional extraction methods. Molecules, 23 (9), 2115.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ge, Y., et al., 2016. Polyhydroxytriterpenoids and phenolic constituents from Forsythia suspensa (Thunb.) Vahl leaves. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 64 (1), 125–131.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guo, N., et al., 2016. Antibacterial activity of Fructus forsythia essential oil and the application of EO-loaded nanoparticles to food-borne pathogens. Foods, 5 (4), 73.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han, Z., et al., 2017. Evaluating the safety of forsythin from Forsythia suspensa leaves by acute and sub-chronic oral administration in rodent models. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine, 10 (1), 47–51.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hwang, Y.-H., et al., 2017. Anti-inflammatory effects of Forsythia suspensa in dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 206, 73–77.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jia, W., et al., 2015. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the major constituents in Chinese medical preparation Lianhua-Qingwen capsule by UPLC-DAD-QTOF-MS. TheScientificWorldJournal, 2015, 731765.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kang, W. and Wang, J., 2010. In vitro antioxidant properties and in vivo lowering blood lipid of Forsythia suspense leaves. Medicinal Chemistry Research, 19 (7), 617–628.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ke, Q., Fulmer, P., and Mizutani, A., 2018. Toxicological evaluation of β-Galactosidase enzyme produced by Papiliotrema terrestris . Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology : RTP, 92, 213–219.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, T.W., et al., 2019. Anti-inflammatory mechanisms of Koreanaside A, a lignan isolated from the flower of Forsythia koreana, against LPS-induced macrophage activation and DSS-induced colitis mice: the crucial role of AP-1, NF-κB, and JAK/STAT signaling. Cells, 8 (10), 1163.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuo, P.C., et al., 2017. Chemical constituents and anti-inflammatory principles from the fruits of Forsythia suspensa. Journal of Natural Products, 80 (4), 1055–1064.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, S.-E., et al., 2017. A study of the anti-cancer effects of the hexane fraction of the methanol extract of Forsythiae Fructus. Pharmacognosy Magazine, 13 (52), 719–724.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, C., et al., 2019. A lignan and a lignan derivative from the fruit of Forsythia suspensa. Phytochemistry Letters, 32, 115–118.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, R., et al., 2020. Lianhuaqingwen exerts anti-viral and anti-inflammatory activity against novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). Pharmacological Research, 156, 104761.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, M., et al., 2020. Efficacy and safety of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine for corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pharmacological Research, 158, 104896.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morimoto, K. and Satake, H., 2013. Seasonal alteration in amounts of lignans and their glucosides and gene expression of the relevant biosynthetic enzymes in the Forsythia suspense leaf. Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 36 (9), 1519–1523.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shin, S., et al., 2020. Aqueous extract of Forsythia viridissima fruits: acute oral toxicity and genotoxicity studies. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 249, 112381.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vieira, P.M., et al., 2012. Detection of genotoxic, cytotoxic, and protective activities of Eugenia dysenterica DC. (Myrtaceae) in mice. Journal of Medicinal Food, 15 (6), 563–567.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, J. and Qi, F., 2020. Traditional Chinese medicine to treat COVID-19: the importance of evidence-based research. Drug Discoveries & Therapeutics, 14 (3), 149–150.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, Z., et al., 2018. Phytochemistry, pharmacology, quality control and future research of Forsythia suspensa (Thunb.) Vahl: a review. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 210, 318–339.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wei, Q., et al., 2020. Two new furofuran lignan glycoside derivatives from the fruit of Forsythia suspensa. Journal of Asian Natural Products Research, 22 (9), 803–809.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiang, K.-L., et al., 2020. Labdane diterpenoids from Forsythia suspensa with anti-inflammatory and anti-viral activities. Phytochemistry, 173, 112298.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu, X., et al., 2019. The mechanism of phillyrin from the leaves of Forsythia suspensa for improving insulin resistance. Biomed Research International, 2019, 3176483.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, P.H. and Wang, X.L., 2020. COVID-19: a new challenge for human beings. Cellular & Molecular Immunology, 17 (5), 555–557.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yi, J.-M., et al., 2019. Neuroprotective effects of an aqueous extract of Forsythia viridissima and its major constituents on oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy. Molecules, 24 (6), 1177.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yuan, J.-F., et al., 2014. Forsythia suspense leaves, a plant: extraction, purification and antioxidant activity of main active compounds. European Food Research and Technology, 238 (4), 527–533.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yuan, R., et al., 2020. [Treatment of COVID-19 guided by holistic view of traditional Chinese medicine-therapy aimed at both viral and host]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao za Zhi = Zhongguo Zhongyao Zazhi = China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica, 45 (7), 1521–1525.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zhao, L., et al., 2020. Anti-inflammatory and anti-viral labdane diterpenoids from the fruits of Forsythia suspensa. Bioorganic Chemistry, 96, 103651.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao, P., et al., 2017. Forsythia suspensa extract attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory liver injury in rats via promoting antioxidant defense mechanisms. Animal Science Journal = Nihon Chikusan Gakkaiho, 88 (6), 873–881.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zheng, X., et al., 2019. Effect of forsythiaside A on the RLRs signaling pathway in the lungs of mice infected with the influenza A virus FM1 strain. Molecules, 24 (23), 4219.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar