In vitro cytogenetic analysis of two different anti-phosphates (sevelamer hydrochloride and calcium carbonate) agents used by patients with hyperphosphatemia

References

• Agodoa, L.Y., Jones, C.A., and Held, P.J., 1996. End-stage renal disease in the USA: data from the United States Renal Data System. American Journal of Nephrology, 16 (1), 7–16.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ames, B.N., McCann, J., and Yamasaki, E., 1975. Methods for detecting carcinogens and mutagens with the Salmonella/mammalian-microsome mutagenicity test. Mutation Research, 31 (6), 347–364.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Atalay, H., Çeli̇k, A., and Ayaz, F., 2018. Investigation of genotoxic and apoptotic effects of zirconium oxide nanoparticles (20 nm) on L929 mouse fibroblast cell line. Chemico-Biological Interactions, 296, 98–104.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Behets, G.J., et al., 2004. Lanthanum carbonate: a new phosphate binder. Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension, 13 (4), 403–409.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Block, G.A., et al., 2007. Mortality effect of coronary calcification and phosphate binder choice in incident hemodialysis patients. Kidney International, 71 (5), 438–441.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burke, S.K., Slatopolsky, E.A., and Goldberg, D.I., 1997. RenaGel, a novel calcium- and aluminium-free phosphate binder, inhibits phosphate absorption in normal volunteers. Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation: Official Publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association, 12 (8), 1640–1644.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chutia, R., et al., 2021. Modulation of phosphate deficiency-induced metabolic changes by iron availability in Arabidopsis thaliana. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22 (14), 7609.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CIR, 2016. Safety assessment of carbonate salts as used in cosmetics [online]. Available from: https://www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/carbon122016rep.pdf. [Accessed 05 May 2022].
   Google Scholar
• Damment, S.J., Beevers, C., and Gatehouse, D.G., 2005. Evaluation of the potential genotoxicity of the phosphate binder lanthanum carbonate. Mutagenesis, 20 (1), 29–37.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D'Haese, P.C., et al., 2003. A multicenter study on the effects of lanthanum carbonate (Fosrenol) and calcium carbonate on renal bone disease in dialysis patients. Kidney International, 63 (85), S73–S78.
   Google Scholar
• EFSA, 2011. Scientific opinion on re-evaluation of calcium carbonate (E 170) as a food additive [online]. Available from: https://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/efsajournal/pub/2318. [Accessed 05 May 2022].
   Google Scholar
• EMEA, 2005. Renagel [online]. Available from: (https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/scientific-discussion/renagel-epar-scientific-discussion_en.pdf). [Accessed 05 May 2022].
   Google Scholar
• EMEA, 2009. CHMP ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR Renvela [online]. EMEA. Available from: (http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en…/WC500052615.pdf. [Accessed 05 May 2022].
   Google Scholar
• İla, H.B., et al., 2015. Evaluation of the genotoxic or mutagenic effects of thermal stress on cultured human lymphocytes. Turkish Journal of Biology, 39 (1), 98–103.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kamba, A.S., et al., 2014. Biocompatibility of bio based calcium carbonate nanocrystals aragonite polymorph on NIH 3T3 fibroblast cell line. African Journal of Traditional, Complementary, and Alternative Medicines: AJTCAM, 11 (4), 31–38.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Li, M., et al., 2016. Phosphorus deficiency inhibits cell division but not growth in the dinoflagellate Amphidinium carterae. Frontiers in Microbiology, 7, 826–826.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maron, D.M., and Ames, B.N., 1983. Revised methods for the Salmonella mutagenicity test. Mutation Research, 113 (3-4), 173–215.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NKF, 2003. K/DOQI clinical practice guidelines for bone metabolism and disease in chronic kidney disease. American Journal of Kidney Diseases, 42 (4 Suppl 3), S1–S201.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OECD, 2016. Test no. 473: in vitro mammalian chromosomal aberration test. OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264264649-en.
   Google Scholar
• Pastor, S., et al., 2018. Influence of Carnicor, Venofer, and Sevelamer on the levels of genotoxic damage in end-stage renal disease patients. Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis, 59 (4), 302–311.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peres, A.T., et al., 2009. Effect of phosphate binders on oxidative stress and inflammation markers in hemodialysis patients. Hemodialysis International. International Symposium on Home Hemodialysis, 13 (3), 271–277.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pitarque, M., et al., 1999. Examination of various biomarkers measuring genotoxic endpoints from Barcelona airport personnel. Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, 440 (2), 195–204.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rencüzoğullari, E., Parlak, S., and Ila, H.B., 2008. The effects of food protector biphenyl on sister chromatid exchange, chromosome aberrations, and micronucleus in human lymphocytes. Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 31 (2), 263–274.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodriguez-Ribera, L., 2014. Time in hemodialysis modulates the levels of genetic damage in hemodialysis patients. Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis., 55 (4), 363–368.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rothfuss, A., et al., 2000. Induced micronucleus frequencies in peripheral lymphocytes as a screening test for carriers of a BRCA1 mutation in breast cancer families. Cancer Research, 60 (2), 390–394.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Russo, A., et al., 2000. Bioflavonoids as antiradicals, antioxidants and DNA cleavage protectors. Cell Biology and Toxicology, 16 (2), 91–98.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sandoval, S.B., et al., 2010. Genetic damage in chronic renal failure patients is associated with the glomerular filtration rate index. Mutagenesis, 25 (6), 603–608.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sandoval, S.B., et al., 2012. Genomic instability in chronic renal failure patients. Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis, 53 (5), 343–349.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schucker, J.J., and Ward, K.E., 2005. Hyperphosphatemia and phosphate binders. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy: AJHP: Official Journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, 62 (22), 2355–2361.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh, N.P., et al., 1988. A simple technique for quantitation of low levels of DNA damage in individual cells. Experimental Cell Research, 175 (1), 184–191.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spinelli, R., et al., 2020. Molecular basis of ageing in chronic metabolic diseases. Journal of Endocrinological Investigation, 43 (10), 1373–1389.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stoyanova, E., et al., 2010. Oxidative DNA damage in chronic renal failure patients. Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation: Official Publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association, 25 (3), 879–885.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stoyanova, E., et al., 2014. Base excision repair capacity in chronic renal failure patients undergoing hemodialysis treatment. Cell Biochemistry and Function, 32 (2), 177–182.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TUIK, 2020. Life tables, 2017-2019 [online]. Available from: https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Hayat-Tablolari-2017-2019-33711  [Accessed 05 May 2022].
   Google Scholar
• Wang, M., et al., 2017. Evaluation of the toxicity of nano-calcium carbonates and their effects on anti-heat stress in laying hens.  Journal of the Chinese Society of Animal Science, 46, 223–234.
   Google Scholar
• WHO, 2021. Ageing and health [online]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/ageing-and-health. [Accessed 05 May 2022].
   Google Scholar