References
- Abdollahi, M., et al., 2004. Pesticides and oxidative stress: a review. Medical Science Monitor : international Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research, 10 (6), RA141–RA147.
- Abdollahzadeh Estakhri, M., et al., 2019. Organ toxicity attenuation by nanomicelles containing curcuminoids: Comparing the protective effects on tissues oxidative damage induced by diazinon. Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences, 22 (1), 17–24.
- Ashani, Y., et al., 2003. Inhibition of cholinesterases with cationic phosphonyl oximes highlights distinctive properties of the charged pyridine groups of quaternary oxime reactivators. Biochemical Pharmacology, 66 (2), 191–202.
- Ashari, S., et al., 2020. The implication of mitochondrial dysfunction and mitochondrial oxidative damage in di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate induced nephrotoxicity in both in vivo and in vitro models. Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods, 30 (6), 427–437.
- Avramović, N., et al., 2020. Polymeric nanocarriers of drug delivery systems in cancer therapy. Pharmaceutics, 12 (4), 298.
- Bakhtiarian, A. et al.; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2015. ATP depletion and oxidative damage of hepatic cells following acute exposure to malathion in rat: beneficial role of porphyrin–fullerene nanoparticles carrying magnetic magnesium. Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research, 1 (2), 10–19.
- Bameri, B., et al., 2018. Evidence for the involvement of the dopaminergic system in seizure and oxidative damage induced by tramadol. International Journal of Toxicology, 37 (2), 164–170.
- Boussabbeh, M., et al., 2016. Diazinon, an organophosphate pesticide, induces oxidative stress and genotoxicity in cells deriving from large intestine. Environmental Science and Pollution Research International, 23 (3), 2882–2889.
- Cannon, J., Tang, S., and Choi, S.K., 2022. Caged Oxime Reactivators Designed for the Light Control of Acetylcholinesterase Reactivation. Photochemistry and Photobiology, 98 (2), 334–346.
- Casettari, L., et al., 2012. PEGylated chitosan derivatives: Synthesis, characterizations and pharmaceutical applications. Progress in Polymer Science, 37 (5), 659–685.
- Chambers, J.E., and Oppenheimer, S.F., 2004. Organophosphates, serine esterase inhibition, and modeling of organophosphate toxicity. Toxicological Sciences : An Official Journal of the Society of Toxicology, 77 (2), 185–187.
- Chan, J.Y., et al., 2006. Cholinergic receptor-independent dysfunction of mitochondrial respiratory chain enzymes, reduced mitochondrial transmembrane potential and ATP depletion underlie necrotic cell death induced by the organophosphate poison mevinphos. Neuropharmacology, 51 (7-8), 1109–1119.
- Čolović, M.B., et al., 2015. In vitro evaluation of neurotoxicity potential and oxidative stress responses of diazinon and its degradation products in rat brain synaptosomes. Toxicology Letters, 233 (1), 29–37.
- Dai, L., et al., 2014. Novel multiarm polyethylene glycol-dihydroartemisinin conjugates enhancing therapeutic efficacy in non-small-cell lung cancer. Scientific Reports, 4, 5871.
- de Koning, M.C., et al., 2018. Discovery of a potent non-oxime reactivator of nerve agent inhibited human acetylcholinesterase. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 157, 151–160.
- Diether, S., et al., 2007. Effects of intravitreally and intraperitonally injected atropine on two types of experimental myopia in chicken. Experimental Eye Research, 84 (2), 266–274.
- Dos Santos, A.A., et al., 2016. Long-term and low-dose malathion exposure causes cognitive impairment in adult mice: evidence of hippocampal mitochondrial dysfunction, astrogliosis and apoptotic events. Archives of Toxicology, 90 (3), 647–660.
- Eddleston, M., 2019. Novel clinical toxicology and pharmacology of organophosphorus insecticide self-poisoning. Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 59 (1), 341–360.
- Eddleston, M., et al., 2008. Management of acute organophosphorus pesticide poisoning. The Lancet, 371 (9612), 597–607.
- Ellman, G.L., et al., 1961. A new and rapid colorimetric determination of acetylcholinesterase activity. Biochemical Pharmacology, 7 (2), 88–95.
- Eyer, P., 2003. The role of oximes in the management of organophosphorus pesticide poisoning. Toxicological Reviews, 22 (3), 165–190.
- Farkhondeh, T., et al., 2020. Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in organophosphate pesticide-induced neurotoxicity and its amelioration: a review. Environmental Science and Pollution Research International, 27 (20), 24799–24814.
- Fathi, H., et al., 2015. Oxidative damage induced by retching; antiemetic and neuroprotective role of Sambucus ebulus L. Cell Biology and Toxicology, 31 (4-5), 231–239.
- Hadichegeni, S., et al., 2018. Characterization of the interaction between human serum albumin and diazinon via spectroscopic and molecular docking methods. Human & Experimental Toxicology, 37 (9), 959–971.
- Harris, J.M., and Chess, R.B., 2003. Effect of pegylation on pharmaceuticals. Nature Reviews. Drug Discovery, 2 (3), 214–221.
- Hu, J., and Sebald, W., 2011. N-terminal specificity of PEGylation of human bone morphogenetic protein-2 at acidic pH. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 413 (1-2), 140–146.
- Jung, Y.H., et al., 2020. Effects of Different Doses of Pralidoxime Administered During Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and the Role of α‐Adrenergic Receptors in Its Pressor Action. Journal of the American Heart Association, 9 (5), e015076.
- Karami-Mohajeri, S., and Abdollahi, M., 2013. Mitochondrial dysfunction and organophosphorus compounds. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 270 (1), 39–44.
- Karasova, J.Z., et al., 2017. Pharmacokinetic profile of promising acetylcholinesterase reactivators K027 and K203 in experimental pigs. Toxicology Letters, 273, 20–25.
- Kaur, A., et al., 2019. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors: a milestone to treat neurological disorders. Plant Arch, 19, 1347–1359.
- Kose, A., et al., 2010. Effects of atropine and pralidoxime pretreatment on serum and cardiac oxidative stress parameters in acute dichlorvos toxicity in rats. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 97 (3), 249–255.
- Kronman, C., et al., 2007. Polyethylene-glycol conjugated recombinant human acetylcholinesterase serves as an efficacious bioscavenger against soman intoxication. Toxicology, 233 (1-3), 40–46.
- Mali, H., et al., 2022. Organophosphate pesticides an emerging environmental contaminant: Pollution, toxicity, bioremediation progress, and remaining challenges. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 127, 234–250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2022.04.023
- Mohamed, R.A., et al., 2021. Transitioning from Oxime to the Next Potential Organophosphorus Poisoning Therapy Using Enzymes. Journal of Chemistry, 2021, 1–16.
- Mohammadi, H., et al., 2011. Benefit of nanocarrier of magnetic magnesium in rat malathion-induced toxicity and cardiac failure using non-invasive monitoring of electrocardiogram and blood pressure. Toxicology and Industrial Health, 27 (5), 417–429.
- Mohammadi, H., et al., 2017. In vitro cysteine reactivates organophosphate insecticide dichlorvos-inhibited human cholinesterases. Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal, 17 (3), e293–e300.
- Mohammadnejad, L., et al., 2021. Evaluation of mitochondrial dysfunction due to oxidative stress in therapeutic, toxic and lethal concentrations of tramadol. Toxicology Research, 10 (6), 1162–1170.
- Nachon, F., et al., 2013. Progress in the development of enzyme-based nerve agent bioscavengers. Chemico-Biological Interactions, 206 (3), 536–544.
- Navaei-Nigjeh, M., et al., 2017. Evaluation of oxidative stress biomarkers in rat brain exposed to diazinon and yttrium oxide nanoparticles. Toxicology Letters, 280, S189.
- Naz, A., et al., 2017. PLGA-PEG nano-delivery system for epigenetic therapy. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & Pharmacotherapie, 90, 586–597.
- Pang, Z., et al., 2015. Detoxification of organophosphate poisoning using nanoparticle bioscavengers. ACS Nano, 9 (6), 6450–6458.
- Pearson, J.N., and Patel, M., 2016. The role of oxidative stress in organophosphate and nerve agent toxicity. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1378 (1), 17–24.
- Phan, Q.T., et al., 2016. Characteristics and cytotoxicity of folate-modified curcumin-loaded PLA-PEG micellar nano systems with various PLA: PEG ratios. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 507 (1-2), 32–40.
- Randhawa, M.A., 2009. Calculation of LD50 values from the method of Miller and Tainter, 1944. Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC, 21 (3), 184–185.
- Ranjan, A., and Jindal, T., 2022. Enzymatic Targets of Organophosphates. In: Toxicology of Organophosphate Poisoning. Cham: Springer, 45–66. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79128-5_3
- Raveh, L., et al., 1993. Human butyrylcholinesterase as a general prophylactic antidote for nerve agent toxicity: in vitro and in vivo quantitative characterization. Biochemical Pharmacology, 45 (12), 2465–2474.
- Rochu, D., Chabrière, E., and Masson, P., 2007. Human paraoxonase: a promising approach for pre-treatment and therapy of organophosphorus poisoning. Toxicology, 233 (1-3), 47–59.
- Sadeghi-Ghadi, Z., et al., 2021. Improved oral delivery of quercetin with hyaluronic acid containing niosomes as a promising formulation. Journal of Drug Targeting, 29 (2), 225–234.
- Satar, D., et al., 2008. Ultrastructural changes in rat thyroid tissue after acute organophosphate poisoning and effects of antidotal therapy with atropine and pralidoxime: A single-blind, ex vivo study. Current Therapeutic Research, 69 (4), 334–342.
- Shafiee, H., et al., 2010. Prevention of malathion-induced depletion of cardiac cells mitochondrial energy and free radical damage by a magnetic magnesium-carrying nanoparticle. Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods, 20 (9), 538–543.
- Siqueira, A.A., et al., 2019. Atropine counteracts the depressive-like behaviour elicited by acute exposure to commercial chlorpyrifos in rats. Neurotoxicology and Teratology, 71, 6–15.
- Soltaninejad, K., and Abdollahi, M., 2009. Current opinion on the science of organophosphate pesticides and toxic stress: a systematic review. Medical Science Monitor : international Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research, 15 (3), RA75–RA90.
- Valiyaveettil, M., et al., 2011. Protective efficacy of catalytic bioscavenger, paraoxonase 1 against sarin and soman exposure in guinea pigs. Biochemical Pharmacology, 81 (6), 800–809.
- Valiyaveettil, M., et al., 2012. Crossroads in the evaluation of paraoxonase 1 for protection against nerve agent and organophosphate toxicity. Toxicology Letters, 210 (1), 87–94.
- Vyas, S., and Hadad, C.M., 2008. Reactivation of model cholinesterases by oximes and intermediate phosphyloximes: A computational study. Chemico-Biological Interactions, 175 (1-3), 187–191.
- Worek, F., and Thiermann, H., 2013. The value of novel oximes for treatment of poisoning by organophosphorus compounds. Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 139 (2), 249–259.
- Worek, F., Thiermann, H., and Wille, T., 2016. Oximes in organophosphate poisoning: 60 years of hope and despair. Chemico-Biological Interactions, 259 (Pt B), 93–98.
- Worek, F., Thiermann, H., and Wille, T., 2020. Organophosphorus compounds and oximes: a critical review. Archives of Toxicology, 94 (7), 2275–2292.
- Zhang, Y., et al., 2021. Brain-targeted delivery of obidoxime, using aptamer-modified liposomes, for detoxification of organophosphorus compounds. Journal of Controlled Release : official Journal of the Controlled Release Society, 329, 1117–1128.