Understanding the Role of Identity in the Constraint Negotiation Process

References

• Barnett , R. C. 1998 . Toward a review and reconceptualization of the work/family literature . Social & General Psychology Monographs , 124 : 125 – 182 .
   Google Scholar
• Barrell , G. , Chamberlain , A. , Evans , J. , Holt , T. and Mackean , J. 1989 . Ideology and commitment in family life: A case study of runners . Leisure Studies , 8 : 249 – 262 .
   Google Scholar
• Baruch , G. K. and Barnett , R. C. 1986 . Role quality, multiple role involvement and psychological well-being in midlife women . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 51 : 578 – 585 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bollen , K. A. 1989 . Structural equations with latent variables , New York , NY : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Buchanan , T. 1985 . Commitment and leisure behavior: A theoretical perspective . Leisure Sciences , 7 ( 4 ) : 401 – 420 .
   Google Scholar
• Burke , P. J. 1989a . Academic identity and race differences in educational aspirations . Social Science Research , 18 : 136 – 150 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burke , P. J. 1989b . Gender identity, sex, and school performance . Social Psychology Quarterly , 52 : 159 – 169 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burke , P. J. 1991 . Identity process and social stress . American Sociological Review , 56 ( 6 ) : 836 – 849 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burke , P. J. 1996 . “ Social identities and psychosocial stress ” . In Psychological stress: Perspectives on structure, theory, life course, and methods , Edited by: Kaplan , H. B. 141 – 174 . Orlando , FL : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Burke , P. J. 2003 . “ Introduction ” . In Advances in identity theory and research , Edited by: Burke , P. J. , Owens , T. J. , Serpe , R. T. and Thoits , P. A. 1 – 7 . New York , NY : Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Burke , P. J. and Stets , J. E. 1999 . Trust and commitment through self-verification . Social Psychology Quarterly , 62 : 347 – 366 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burke , P. J. and Hoetler , J. W. 1988 . Identity and sex-race differences in educational and occupational aspirations formation . Social Science Research , 17 : 29 – 47 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burke , P. J. and Reitzes , D. C. 1981 . The link between identity and role performance . Social Psychology Quarterly , 44 ( 2 ) : 83 – 92 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burke , P. J. and Reitzes , D. C. 1991 . An identity theory approach to commitment . Social Psychology Quarterly , 54 ( 3 ) : 239 – 251 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burke , P. J. , Stets , J. E. and Pirog-Good , M. A. 1988 . Gender identity, self esteem, and physical and sexual abuse in dating relationships . Social Psychology Quarterly , 51 : 272 – 285 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Callero , P. L. 1985 . Role-identity salience . Social Psychology Quarterly , 48 : 203 – 215 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Charng , H. , Piliavin , J. A. and Callero , P. L. 1988 . Role identity and reasoned action in the prediction of repeated behavior . Social Psychology Quarterly , 51 ( 4 ) : 330 – 317 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cieslak , T. J. , Fink , J. S. and Pastore , D. L. 2005 . Measuring the athletic identity construct: Scale development and validation . Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology , 27 ( Suppl. ) : S48
   Google Scholar
• Creswell , J. W. 2003 . Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches , Newbury Park , CA : Sage Publications, Inc .
   Google Scholar
• Edwards , J. R. and Rothbard , N. 2000 . Mechanisms linking work and family: Specifying the relationships between work and family constructs . Academy of Management Review , 25 : 178 – 199 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ellestad , J. and Stets , J. E. 1998 . Jealousy and parenting: Predicting emotions from identity theory . Sociological Perspectives , 41 ( 3 ) : 639 – 668 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frijda , N. H. 1996 . “ Passions: Emotion and socially consequential behavior ” . In Emotion: Interdisciplinary perspectives , Edited by: Robert , D. K. , Zimmerberg , B. and Fein , S. Mahwah , NJ : Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Frone , M. R. 2003 . “ Work-family balance ” . In Handbook of occupational health psychology , Edited by: Quick , J. C. and Tetrick , L. E. Washington , DC : American Psychological Association .
   Google Scholar
• Gahwiler , P. and Havitz , M. E. 1998 . Toward a relational understanding of leisure social worlds, involvement, psychological commitment, and behavioral loyalty . Leisure Sciences , 20 : 1 – 23 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gergen , K. J. 1971 . The concept of self , New York , NY : Holt, Rinehart & Winston .
   Google Scholar
• Goff , S. J. and Fick , D. S. 1997 . Training levels and perceived benefits of running among runners committed to both running and family versus runners committed exclusively to running . Journal of Sport Behavior , 20 ( 4 ) : 387 – 397 .
   Google Scholar
• Goode , W. J. 1960 . A theory of role strain . American Sociological Review , 25 : 483 – 496 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Green , E. , Hebron , S. and Woodward , D. 1987 . “ Women, leisure and social control ” . In Women, violence and social control , Edited by: Hanmer , J. and Maynard , M. 75 – 92 . London , , England : Macmillan .
   Google Scholar
• Hall , R. J. , Snell , A. F. and Foust , M. S. 1999 . Item parceling strategies in SEM: Investigating the subtle effects of unmodeled secondary constructs . Organizational Research Methods , 2 ( 3 ) : 233 – 256 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hau , K. T. and Marsh , H. W. 2004 . The use of item parcels in structural equation modeling: Nonnormal data and small sample sizes . British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology , 57 ( 2 ) : 327 – 351 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Havitz , M. E. and Dimanche , F. 1990 . Proposition for guiding the empirical test of the involvement construct in recreational and tourist contexts . Leisure Sciences , 12 ( 2 ) : 179 – 196 .
   Google Scholar
• Henderson , K. A. and Bialeschki , M. D. 1993 . Exploring an expanded model of women's leisure constraints . Journal of Applied Recreation Research , 18 : 229 – 252 .
   Google Scholar
• Henderson , K. A. , Hodges , S. and Kivel , B. D. 2002 . Context and dialogue in research on women and leisure . Journal of Leisure Research , 34 ( 3 ) : 253 – 271 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herridge , K. L. , Shaw , S. M. and Mannell , R. C. 2003 . An exploration of women's leisure within heterosexual romantic relationships . Journal of Leisure Research , 35 ( 3 ) : 274 – 291 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hochschild , A. 1989 . The second shift , New York , NY : Avon .
   Google Scholar
• Hubbard , J. and Mannell , R. C. 2001 . Testing competing models of the leisure constraint negotiation process in a corporate employee recreation setting . Leisure Sciences , 23 : 145 – 163 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iwasaki , Y. and Havitz , M. 2004 . Examining relationships between leisure involvement, psychological commitment and loyalty to a recreation agency . Journal of Leisure Research , 36 ( 1 ) : 45 – 72 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jackson , E. L. and Henderson , K. A. 1995 . Gender-based analysis of leisure constraints . Leisure Sciences , 17 : 31 – 51 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jackson , E. L. and Rucks , V. 1995 . Negotiation of leisure constraints by junior-high and high-school students: An exploratory study . Journal of Leisure Research , 23 : 301 – 313 .
   Google Scholar
• Jackson , E. L. , Crawford , D. W. and Godbey , G. 1993 . Negotiation of leisure constraints . Leisure Sciences , 15 : 1 – 11 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• James , W. 1890 . Principles of psychology , New York , NY : Holt Rinehart and Winston .
   Google Scholar
• Kahn , R. L. , Wolfe , D. M. , Quinn , R. P. , Snoek , J. D. and Rosenthal , R. A. 1964 . Organizational stress , New York , NY : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Kelly , J. R. 1983 . Leisure identities and interaction , London , , England : George Allen & Unwin Ltd .
   Google Scholar
• Kyle , G. T. and Chick , G. 2002 . The social nature of leisure involvement . Journal of Leisure Research , 34 ( 4 ) : 426 – 448 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kyle , G. T. and Chick , G. 2004 . Enduring leisure involvement: The importance of personal relationships . Leisure Studies , 23 ( 3 ) : 243 – 266 .
   Google Scholar
• Kyle , G. T. , Absher , J. D. , Norman , W. C. , Hammitt , W. E. and Jodice , L. 2007 . A modified involvement scale . Leisure Studies , 26 ( 4 ) : 399 – 427 .
   Google Scholar
• Kyle , G. T. , Graefe , A. , Manning , R. and Bacon , J. 2004 . Effect of activity involvement and place attachment on recreationists’ perceptions of setting density . Journal of Leisure Research , 36 ( 2 ) : 209 – 231 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loucks-Atkinson , A. and Mannell , R. C. 2007 . Role of self-efficacy in the constraints negotiation process: The case of individuals with Fibromyalgia syndrome . Leisure Sciences , 29 : 19 – 36 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mannell , R. C. and Iwasaki , Y. 2005 . “ Advancing quantitative research on social cognitive theories of the constraint-negotiation process ” . In Constraints to leisure , Edited by: Jackson , E. L. 261 – 275 . State College , PA : Venture Publishing .
   Google Scholar
• Markus , H. and Nurius , P. 1986 . Possible selves . American Psychologist , 41 : 954 – 969 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marsh , H. W. , Hau , K. , Balla , J. R. and Grayson , D. 1998 . Is more ever too much? The number of indicators per factor in confirmatory factor analysis . Multivariate Behavioral Research , 33 ( 2 ) : 181 – 220 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maruyama , G. M. 1998 . Basic of structural equation modeling , Thousand Oaks , CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• McCall , G. J. and Simmons , J. L. 1978 . Identities and interactions , New York , NY : Free Press .
   Google Scholar
• Menaghan , E. G. 1989 . Role changes and psychological well-being: Variations in effects by gender and role repertoire . Social Forces , 67 : 693 – 714 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Sporting Goods Association . 2007 . Market research result: Golf Retrieved from http://www.sbrnet.com
   Google Scholar
• Outdoor Foundation . 2009 . 2010 outdoor recreation participation report , Boulder , CO : Outdoor Foundation .
   Google Scholar
• Pritchard , M. P. , Howard , D. R. and Havitz , M. E. 1992 . Loyalty measurement: A critical examination and theoretical extension . Leisure Sciences , 14 ( 2 ) : 155 – 164 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rothbard , N. P. 2001 . Enriching or depleting: The dynamics of engagement in work and family roles . Administrative Science Quarterly , 46 : 655 – 684 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sarbin , T. R. and Allen , V. L. 1968 . “ Role theory ” . Boston , MA : Addison-Wesley . In G. Lindzey & E. Aronson (Eds.) Handbook of social psychology (Vol. 1).
   Google Scholar
• Samdahl , D. M. 2005 . “ Making room for “silly” debate: Critical reflections on leisure constraints research ” . In Constraints to leisure , Edited by: Jackson , E. L. State College , PA : Venture Publishing .
   Google Scholar
• Schafer , J. 1997 . Analysis of incomplete multivariate data , London , UK : Chapman & Hall .
   Google Scholar
• Scott , D. and Shafer , C. S. 2001 . Recreational specialization: A critical look at the construct . Journal of Leisure Research , 33 ( 3 ) : 319 – 343 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scott , D. and Godbey , G. 1992 . An analysis of adult playgroups: Social versus serious participation in contract bridge . Leisure Sciences , 14 : 47 – 67 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Serpe , R. T. 1987 . Stability and change in self: A structural symbolic interactionist explanation . Social Psychology Quarterly , 50 : 44 – 55 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Serpe , R. T. and Stryker , S. 1987 . “ The construction of self and the reconstruction of social relationships ” . In Advances in group processes , Edited by: Lawler , E. J. and Markovsky , B. 41 – 66 . Greenwich , CT : JAI .
   Google Scholar
• Serpe , R. T. and Stryker , S. 1993 . “ Prior social ties and movement into new social relationships ” . New York , NY : Kluwer . In E. J. Lawler, B. Markovsky, J. O'Brien, & K. Heimer (Eds.), Advances in group processes
   Google Scholar
• Settles , I. , Sellers , R. and Damas , A. 2002 . One role or two? The function of psychological separation in role conflict . Journal of Applied Psychology , 87 ( 3 ) : 574 – 582 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shamir , B. 1988 . Commitment and leisure . Sociological Perspectives , 31 ( 2 ) : 238 – 258 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shaw , S. M. 1994 . Gender, leisure and constraint: Towards a framework for the analysis of women's leisure . Journal of Leisure Research , 26 ( 1 ) : 8 – 22 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shaw , S. M. and Henderson , K. A. 2005 . “ Gender analysis and leisure constraints: An uneasy alliance ” . In Constraints to leisure , Edited by: Jackson , E. L. 23 – 34 . State College , PA : Venture Publishing .
   Google Scholar
• Simon , R. W. 1992 . Parental role strains, salience of parental identity and gender differences in psychological distress . Journal of Health and Social Behavior , 33 : 25 – 35 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Son , J. S. , Mowen , A. J. and Kerstetter , D. L. 2008 . Testing alternative leisure constraint negotiation models: An extension of Hubbard and Mannell's study . Leisure Sciences , 30 : 198 – 216 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stebbins , R. A. 1979 . Amateurs: On the margin between work and leisure , Beverly Hills , CA : Sage Publications .
   Google Scholar
• Stets , J. E. 1997 . Status and identity in marital interaction . Social Psychology Quarterly , 60 : 185 – 217 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stets , J. E. 2003 . “ Justice, emotion, and identity theory ” . In Advances in identity theory and research , Edited by: Burke , P. J. , Owens , T. J. , Serpe , R. T. and Thoits , P. A. 105 – 122 . New York , NY : Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Stets , J. E. and Burke , P. J. 1996 . Gender, control and interaction . Social Psychology Quarterly , 59 ( 3 ) : 193 – 220 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stets , J. E. and Burke , P. J. 2000 . Identity theory and social identity theory . Social Psychology Quarterly , 63 ( 3 ) : 224 – 237 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stets , J. E. and Burke , P. J. 2003 . “ A sociological approach to self and identity ” . In Handbook of self and identity , Edited by: Leary , M. R. and Tangney , J. P. New York , NY : Guilford Press .
   Google Scholar
• Stets , J. E. and Tsushima , T. M. 2001 . Negative emotion and coping responses within identity control theory . Social Psychology Quarterly , 64 ( 3 ) : 283 – 295 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stryker , S. 1968 . Identity salience and role performance . Journal of Marriage and the Family , 4 : 558 – 564 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stryker , S. 1980 . Symbolic interactionism: A social structural version , Menlo Park , CA : Benjamin Cummings .
   Google Scholar
• Stryker , S. 1987 . The vitalization of symbolic interactionism . Social Psychology Quarterly , 50 : 83 – 94 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stryker , S. and Serpe , R. T. 1982 . “ Commitment, identity salience, and role behavior: Theory and research example ” . In Personality, roles, and social behavior , Edited by: Ickes , W. and Kidd , R. 199 – 218 . New York , NY : Spring-Verlag .
   Google Scholar
• Stryker , S. and Statham , A. 1985 . “ Symbolic interaction and role theory ” . In Handbook of social psychology , Edited by: Lindzey , G. and Aronson , E. Vol. 3 , 311 – 378 . New York , NY : Random House .
   Google Scholar
• Swann , W. B. Jr. 1987 . Identity negotiation: Where two roads meet . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 53 : 1038 – 1051 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swann , W. B. Jr. and Hill , C. A. 1982 . When our identities are mistaken: Reaffirming self-conceptions through social interaction . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 43 : 59 – 66 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tashakkori , A. and Teddlie , C. B. 1998 . Mixed methodology: Combining qualitative and quantitative approaches , Newbury Park , CA : Sage Publications .
   Google Scholar
• Tashakkori , A. and Teddlie , C. B. 2003 . Handbook of mixed methods in social and behavioral research , Newbury Park , CA : Sage Publications .
   Google Scholar
• Thoits , P. A. 1985 . Self-labeling processes in mental illness: The role of emotional deviance . American Journal of Sociology , 91 ( 2 ) : 221 – 269 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thoits , P. A. 1986 . Multiple identities: Examining gender and marital status differences in distress . American Sociological Review , 51 : 259 – 272 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thoits , P. A. 1991 . On merging identity theory and stress research . Social Psychology Quarterly , 54 ( 2 ) : 101 – 112 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thoits , P. A. 1992 . Identity structures and psychological well-being: Gender and marital status comparisons . Social Psychology Quarterly , 55 ( 3 ) : 236 – 256 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thoits , P. A. 1995, March . Identity-relevant events and psychological symptoms: A cautionary tale . Journal of Health and Social Behavior , 36 : 72 – 82 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thoits , P. A. 2003 . “ Personal agency in the accumulation of multiple role-identities ” . In Advances in identity theory and research , Edited by: Burke , P. J. , Owens , T. J. , Serpe , R. T. and Thoits , P. A. 179 – 194 . New York , NY : Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Tompson , H. B. and Werner , J. M. 1997 . The impact of role conflict/facilitation on core and discretionary behaviors: Testing a mediated model . Journal of Management , 23 ( 4 ) : 583 – 601 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White , D. D. 2008 . A structural model of leisure constraints negotiation in outdoor recreation . Leisure Sciences , 30 : 342 – 359 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams , L. J. and O’Boyle , E. H. Jr. 2008 . Measurement models for linking latent variables and indicators: A review of human resource management research using parcels . Human Resource Management Review , 18 : 233 – 242 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar