Examining the Relationship Between Motivation, Enduring Involvement and Volunteer Experience: The Case of Outdoor Recreation Voluntary Associations

References

• Anderson , J. and Gerbing , D. 1988 . Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach . Psychological Bulletin , 103 ( 3 ) : 411 – 423 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anheier , H. and Kendall , J. 2003 . Interpersonal trust and voluntary associations: Examining three approaches . The British Journal of Sociology , 53 ( 3 ) : 343 – 362 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arai , S. and Pedlar , A. 2003 . Moving beyond individualism in leisure theory: A critical analysis of concepts of community and social engagement . Leisure Studies , 22 ( 3 ) : 185 – 202 .
   Google Scholar
• Bagozzi , R. and Kimmel , S. 1995 . A comparison of leading theories for the prediction of goal-directed behaviors . British Journal of Social Psychology , 34 : 437 – 462 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bloemer , J. and Ruyter , K. D. 1999 . Customer loyalty in high and low involvement service settings: The moderating impact of positive emotions . Journal of Marketing Management , 15 ( 4 ) : 315 – 330 .
   Google Scholar
• Bruyere , B. and Rappe , S. 2007 . Identifying the motivations of environmental volunteers . Journal of Environmental Planning and Management , 50 ( 4 ) : 503 – 516 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bryan , H. 1977 . Leisure value systems and recreation specialization: The case of trout fishermen . Journal of Leisure Research , 9 : 174 – 187 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burkes , P. J. and Stets , J. E. 1999 . Trust and commitment in an identity verification context . Social Psychology Quarterly , 62 : 347 – 366 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caldwell , L. L. and Andereck , K. L. 1994 . Motives for initiating and continuing membership in a recreation-related voluntary association . Leisure Sciences , 16 ( 1 ) : 33 – 44 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen , C.-F. and Tsai , M.-H. 2008 . Perceived value, satisfaction, and loyalty of TV travel product shopping: Involvement as a moderator . Tourism Management , 29 : 1166 – 1171 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clark , P. and Wilson , J. 1961 . Incentive systems: A theory of organizations . Administrative Science Quarterly , 6 ( 2 ) : 129 – 166 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clary , E. G. and Snyder , M. 1991 . “ A functional analysis of altruism and prosocial behavior: The case of volunteerism ” . In Review of personality and social psychology , Edited by: Clark , M. Vol. 12 , 119 – 148 . Newbury Park , CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Clary , E. G. , Snyder , M. , Ridge , R. D. , Copeland , J. , Stukas , A. A. , Haugen , J. and Miene , P. 1998 . Understanding and assessing the motivations of volunteers: A functional approach . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 74 : 1516 – 1530 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Curtis , J. E. , Baer , D. E. and Grabb , E. G. 2001 . Nations of joiners: Explaining voluntary association membership in democratic societies . American Sociological Review , 66 ( 6 ) : 783 – 805 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dennis , S. and Zube , E. H. 1988 . Voluntary association membership of outdoor recreationists: An exploratory study . Leisure Sciences , 10 ( 4 ) : 229 – 245 .
   Google Scholar
• Dillman , D. A. 2007 . Mail and internet surveys: The tailored design method (2nd ed.) , Hoboken , NJ : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Fishbein , M. and Ajzen , I. 1975 . Belief, attitude, intention and behavior: An introduction to theory and research , Reading , MA : Addison-Wesley .
   Google Scholar
• Fornell , C. and Larcker , D. 1981 . Structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error: Algebra and statistics . Journal of Marketing Research , 18 ( 3 ) : 382 – 388 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Funk , D. C. , Ridinger , L. and Moorman , A. 2004 . Exploring origins of involvement: Understanding the relationship between consumer motives and involvement with professional sport teams . Leisure Sciences , 26 ( 1 ) : 35 – 61 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Funk , D. C. , Toohey , K. and Bruun , T. 2007 . International sport event participation: Prior sport involvement; destination image; and travel motives . European Sport Management Quarterly , 7 ( 3 ) : 227 – 248 .
   Google Scholar
• Gahwiler , P. and Havitz , M. 1998 . Toward a relational understanding of leisure social worlds, involvement, psychological commitment, and behavioral loyalty . Leisure Sciences , 20 : 1 – 23 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glover , T. D. and Hemingway , J. L. 2005 . Locating leisure in the social capital literature . Journal of Leisure Research , 37 ( 4 ) : 387 – 401 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glover , T. , Shinew , K. and Parry , D. 2005 . Association, sociability, and civic culture: The democratic effect of community gardening . Leisure Sciences , 27 : 75 – 92 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grese , R. E. , Kaplan , R. , Ryan , R. L. and Buxton , J. 2000 . “ Psychological benefits of volunteering in stewardship programs ” . In Restoring nature: Perspectives from the social sciences and humanities. , Edited by: Gobster , P. H. and Hall , R. B. Washington , DC : Island Press .
   Google Scholar
• Griffis , S. E. , Goldsby , T. J. and Cooper , M. 2011 . Web-based and mail surveys: A comparison of response, data, and cost . Journal of Business Logistics , 24 ( 2 ) : 237 – 258 .
   Google Scholar
• Guiney , M. S. and Oberhauser , K. S. 2009 . Conservation volunteers’ connection to nature . Ecopsychology , 1 ( 4 ) : 187 – 197 .
   Google Scholar
• Hammitt , W. , Kyle , G. and Oh , C. 2009 . Comparison of place bonding models in recreation resource management . Journal of Leisure Research , 41 ( 1 ) : 57 – 72 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Havitz , M. E. and Howard , D. R. 1995 . How enduring is enduring involvement? A seasonal examination of three recreational activities . Journal of Consumer Psychology , 4 ( 3 ) : 255 – 276 .
   Google Scholar
• Havitz , M. E. and Dimanche , F. 1999 . Leisure involvement revisited: Drive properties and paradoxes . Journal of Leisure Research , 31 ( 2 ) : 122 – 124 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Havitz , M. E. and Mannell , R. C. 2005 . Enduring involvement, situational involvement, and flow in leisure and non-leisure activities . Journal of Leisure Research , 37 ( 2 ) : 152 – 178 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hardcastle , D. A. 2011 . Community practice: Theories and skills for social workers , New York , NY : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Henderson , K. A. 1981 . Motivations and perceptions of volunteerism as a leisure activity . Journal of Leisure Research , 13 : 208 – 218 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henderson , K. A. 1984 . Volunteerism as leisure . Journal of Voluntary Action Research , 13 : 55 – 63 .
   Google Scholar
• Hirsch , E. L. 1990 . Sacrifice for the cause: Group processes, recruitment, and commitment in a student social movement . American Sociological Review , : 243 – 254 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu , L. T. and Bentler , P. M. 1998 . Fit indices in covariance structure modeling: Sensitivity to underparameterized model misspecification . Psychological Methods , 3 ( 4 ) : 424
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Howard , M. M. and Gilbert , L. 2008 . A cross-national comparison of the internal effects of participation in voluntary associations . Political Studies , 56 : 12 – 32 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hwang , S.-N. , Lee , C. and Chen , H. J. 2005 . The relationship among tourists’ involvement, place attachment and interpretation satisfaction in Taiwan's national parks . Tourism Management , 26 : 143 – 156 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iwasaki , Y. and Havitz , M. E. 2004 . Examining relationships between leisure involvement, psychological commitment and loyalty to a recreation agency . Journal of Leisure Research , 36 ( 1 ) : 45 – 73 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jackson , D. L. , Gillaspy , J. A. and Purc-Stephenson , R. 2009 . Reporting practices in confirmatory factor analysis: An overview and some recommendations . Psychological Methods , 14 ( 1 ) : 6 – 23 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacobsen , S. K. , Carlton , J. S. and Monroe , M. C. 2012 . Motivation and satisfaction of volunteers at a Florida natural resource agency . Journal of Park and Recreation Administration , 30 ( 1 ) : 51 – 67 .
   Google Scholar
• Jacoby , A. P. and Babchuk , N. 1963 . Instrumental and expressive voluntary associations . Sociology and Social Research , 47 ( 4 ) : 461 – 471 .
   Google Scholar
• Jang , H. , Lee , B. , Park , M. and Stokowski , P. 2000 . Measuring underlying meanings of gambling from the perspective of enduring involvement . Journal of Travel Research , 38 ( 3 ) : 230 – 238 .
   Google Scholar
• Jun , J. , Kyle , G. T. , Vlachopoulos , S. P. , Theodorakis , N. D. , Absher , J. D. and Hammitt , W. E. 2012 . Reassessing the structure of enduring leisure involvement . Leisure Sciences , 34 ( 1 ) : 1 – 18 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kleinginna , P. R. and Kleinginna , A. M. 1981 . A categorized list of emotion definitions, with suggestions for a consensual definition . Motivation and Emotion , 5 ( 4 ) : 345 – 379 .
   Google Scholar
• Klyza , C. M. G. , Isham , J. and Savage , A. 2006 . Local environmental groups and the creation of social capital: Evidence from Vermont . Society & Natural Resources , 19 ( 10 ) : 905 – 919 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kyle , G. T. , Absher , J. , Hammitt , W. and Cavin , J. 2006 . An examination of the motivation involvement relationship . Leisure Sciences , 28 ( 5 ) : 467 – 485 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kyle , G. T. , Absher , J. , Norman , W. , Hammitt , W. and Jodice , L. 2007 . A modified involvement scale . Leisure Studies , 26 ( 4 ) : 399 – 427 .
   Google Scholar
• Kyle , G. T. , Graefe , A. , Manning , R. and Bacon , J. 2003 . An examination of the relationship between leisure activity involvement and place attachment among hikers along the Appalachian Trail . Journal of Leisure Research , 35 ( 3 ) : 249 – 274 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kyle , G. T. and Mowen , A. J. 2005 . An examination of the leisure involvement-agency commitment relationship . Journal of Leisure Research , 37 ( 3 ) : 342 – 364 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee , S. and Scott , D. 2009 . The process of celebrity fans’ constraint negotiation . Journal of Leisure Research , 41 ( 2 ) : 137 – 156 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leslie , L. L. , Velez , C. and Bonar , S. 2004 . Utilizing volunteers on fisheries projects . Fisheries , 29 : 10 – 14 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leung , X. Y. and Bai , B. 2013 . How motivation, opportunity, and ability impact travelers' social media involvement and revisit intention . Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing , 30 ( 1–2 ) : 58 – 77 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lohmann , R. A. 1992 . The commons: A multidisciplinary approach to nonprofit organization, voluntary action, and philanthropy . Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly , 21 ( 3 ) : 309 – 324 .
   Google Scholar
• Lu , J. and Schuett , M. A. 2010, April . Exploring the antecedents of place attachment: The role of motivation and involvement for Texas anglers Presented at the Northeastern Recreation Research Conference, Bolton Landing, NY
   Google Scholar
• McCarthy , J. D. and Zald , M. N. 1977 . Resource mobilization and social movements: A partial theory . American Journal of Sociology , 82 ( 6 ) : 1212 – 1241 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martinez , T. A. and McMullin , S. L. 2004 . Factors affecting decisions to volunteer in nongovernmental organizations . Environment and Behavior , 36 ( 1 ) : 112 – 126 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McIntyre , N. 1989 . The personal meaning of participation: Enduring involvement . Journal of Leisure Research , 21 ( 2 ) : 167 – 179 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McIntyre , N. and Pigram , J. J. 1992 . Recreation specialization reexamined: The case of vehicle-based campers . Leisure Sciences , 14 ( 1 ) : 3 – 15 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Measham , T. G. and Barnett , G. B. 2009 . Environmental volunteering: Motives, modes and outcomes . Australian Geographer , 39 ( 4 ) : 537 – 552 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mellor , D. , Hayashi , Y. , Stokes , M. , Firth , L. , Lake , L. , Staples , M. and Cummins , R. 2009 . Volunteering and its relationship with personal and neighborhood well-being . Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly , 38 ( 1 ) : 144 – 159 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitchell , R. C. , Mertig , A. G. and Dunlap , R. E. 1991 . Twenty years of environmental mobilization: Trends among national environmental organizations . Society & Natural Resources , 4 ( 3 ) : 219 – 234 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Needham , M. D. and Rollins , R. B. 2005 . Interest group standards for recreation and tourism impacts at ski areas in the summer . Tourism Management , 26 ( 1 ) : 1 – 13 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Netemeyer , R. , Bearden , W. and Sharma , S. 2003 . Scaling procedures: Issues and applications , Thousand Oaks , CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Oliver , P. 1984 . If you don't do it, nobody else will”: Active and token contributors to local collective action . American Sociological Review , 49 ( 5 ) : 601 – 610 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Painter , M. and Paxton , P. 2011, August . Checkbooks in the Heartland: Change Over Time in Voluntary Association Membership Presented at the annual meeting of the American Sociological Association, Las Vegas, NV
   Google Scholar
• Propst , D. B. , Jackson , D. L. and McDonough . 2003 . Public participation, volunteerism, and resource-based recreation management in the U.S.: What do citizens expect? . Society and Leisure , 26 ( 2 ) : 389 – 415 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richins , M. L. and Bloch , P. H. 1986 . After the new wears off: The temporal context of product involvement . Journal of Consumer Research , 13 : 280 – 285 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rotter , J. B. 1966 . Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement . Psychological Monographs , 80 ( 1 ) : 1 – 28 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ryan , R. L. , Kaplan , R. and Grese , R. E. 2001 . Predicting volunteer active participation in environmental stewardship programs . Journal of Environmental Planning and Management , 44 ( 5 ) : 629 – 648 .
   Google Scholar
• Schuett , M. A. , Hollenhorst , S. and Chavez , D. J. 1997 . Profiling members of the International Mountain Bicycling Associations . Trends , 34 ( 3 ) : 48 – 51 .
   Google Scholar
• Selin , S. W. and Howard , D. R. 1988 . Ego involvement and leisure behavior: A conceptual specification . Journal of Leisure Research , 20 ( 3 ) : 237 – 244 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shelby , B. and Shindler , B. 1992 . Interest group standards for ecological impacts at wilderness campsites . Leisure Sciences , 14 ( 1 ) : 17 – 27 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stebbins , R. A. 1996 . Volunteering: A serious leisure perspective . Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly , 25 ( 2 ) : 211 – 224 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stukas , A. A. , Worth , K. A. , Clary , E. G. and Snyder , M. 2009 . The matching of motivation to affordances in volunteer environment: An index for assessing the impact of multiple matches on volunteer outcomes . Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly , 38 ( 1 ) : 5 – 28 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang , C-Y. and Wu , L-Y. 2011 . Reference effects on revisit intention: Involvement as a moderator . Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing , 28 ( 8 ) : 817 – 827 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wollebæk , D. and Selle , P. 2003 . Participation and social capital formation: Norway in a comparative perspective . Scandinavian Political Studies , 26 ( 1 ) : 67 – 91 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zaichkowsky , J. L. 1986 . Conceptualizing involvement . Journal of Advertising , 15 ( 2 ) : 4 – 14 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar