Publication Cover
Leisure Sciences
An Interdisciplinary Journal
Volume 26, 2004 - Issue 2
722
Views
41
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Skill Level and Recreation Conflict among Skiers and Snowboarders

, &
Pages 215-225 | Accepted 01 Jul 2003, Published online: 12 Aug 2010

References

  • Adelman , B. J. , Heberlein , T. A. and Bonnicksen , T. M. 1982 . Social psychological explanations for the persistence of a conflict between paddling canoeists and motor craft users in the Boundary Waters Canoe Area . Leisure Sciences , 5 : 45 – 62 .
  • Aitkens , M. 1990 . Have snowboard will soar . The Physician and Sports Medicine , 18 : 114 – 120 .
  • Asher , W. and Markels , A. 1992 . When snowboards and skis collide . Snow Country , 5 : 22 – 3 .
  • Blahna , J. B. , Smith , K. S. and Anderson , J. A. 1995 . Backcountry llama packing: Visitor perceptions of acceptability and conflict . Leisure Sciences , 17 : 185 – 204 .
  • Bruyere , B. , Rodriguez , D. A. and Vaske , J. J. 2002 . Importance-performance and segmentation: Providing insight into diverse users of gateway communities . Journal of Travel and Tourism Research , 12 ( 1 ) : 81 – 95 .
  • Bryan , H. 1979 . Conflict in the Great Outdoors: Toward Understanding and Managing for Diverse User Preferences , 99 pp Tuscaloosa : University of Alabama . Bureau of Public Administration. Sociological Studies No. 4
  • Carothers , P. , Vaske , J. J. and Donnelly , M. P. 2001 . Social values versus interpersonal conflict among hikers and mountain bikers . Leisure Sciences , 23 : 47 – 61 .
  • Donnelly , M. P. , Vaske , J. J. and Graefe , A. R. 1986 . Degree and range of recreation specialization: Toward a typology of boating related activities . Journal of Leisure Research , 18 : 81 – 95 .
  • Finley , B. October 21, 1990 . Snowboarding in safety fight . Denver Post , : P – 1 .
  • Gibbons , S. and Ruddell , E. J. 1995 . The effect of goal orientation and place dependence on select goal interference among winter backcountry users . Leisure Sciences , 17 : 171 – 183 .
  • Graefe , A. R. , Donnelly , M. P. and Vaske , J. J. Crowding and specialization: A reexamination of crowding model . Paper presented at the National Wilderness Conference . Fort Collins, CO.
  • Gramann , J. H. and Burdge , R. J. 1981 . The effect of recreational goals on conflict perceptions: An evaluation and synthesis of research . Journal of Leisure Research , 13 : 15 – 27 .
  • Jackson , E. L. and Wong , R. 1982 . Perceived conflict between urban cross-country skiers and snowmobilers in Alberta . Journal of Leisure Research , 14 : 47 – 62 .
  • Jacob , G. and Schreyer , R. 1980 . Conflict in outdoor Recreation: A theoretical perspective . Journal of Leisure Research , 12 : 368 – 380 .
  • Kauffman , R. B. and Graefe , A. R. 1984 . “ Canoeing specialization, expected rewards and resource related attitudes ” . In Proceedings of the National River Recreation Symposium , Edited by: Popadic , J. S. , Butterfield , D. I. , Anderson , D. H. and Popadic , M. R. Baton Rouge, LA : Louisiana State University .
  • Knopp , T. B. and Tyger , J. D. 1973 . A study of conflict in recreational land use: Snowmobiling versus ski touring . Journal of Leisure Research , 5 : 6 – 17 .
  • Lime , D. W. 1975 . Backcountry river recreation: Problems and opportunities . Naturalist , 26 : 1 – 6 .
  • Lindberg , K. , Denstadli , J. M. , Fredman , P. , Heldt , T. and Vuorio , T. 2001 . Skiers and snowboarders in Södra Jämtlandsfjällen: Are there recreation conflicts? , Technical report. Gold Coast, Qld, Australia : Griffith University .
  • Lloyd , G. 1993 . An examination of the relationship between angler specialization and constraints to trout fishing , University Park, PA : The Pennsylvania State University . Unpublished masters thesis
  • Lucas , R. C. 1964a . The recreational capacity of the Quetico-Superior Area , St. Paul, Minnesota : US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Lake States Forest Experiment Station . (Res. Pap. LS-15)
  • Lucas , R. C. 1964b . Wilderness perception and use: The example of the Boundary Waters Canoe Area . Natural Resources Journal , 3 : 394 – 411 .
  • McCay , R. and Moeller , G. 1976 . Compatibility of Ohio trail users , Upper Darby, PA : US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station . (Res. Note NE-225)
  • Miller , C. A. and Graefe , A. R. 2000 . Degree and range of specialization across related hunting activities . Leisure Sciences , 22 : 195 – 204 .
  • Moore , R. L. , Scott , D. and Graefe , A. R. 1998 . The effects of activity differences on recreation experiences along a suburban greenway trail . Journal of Park and Recreation Administration , 16 : 35 – 53 .
  • Meyers , C. January 23, 1991 . All Aboard? The battle over down time mounts between skiers and snowboarders . Denver Post , : D – 1 .
  • Nielsen , J. M. and Shelby , B. 1977 . “ River running in the Grand Canyon: How much and what kind of use ” . In Proceedings: River Recreation Management and Research Symposium , 168 – 177 . St. Paul, MN : USDA Forest Service . (Gen. Tech. Rep. NC-28)
  • Ramthun , R. 1995 . Factors in user group conflict between hikers and mountain bikers . Leisure Sciences , 17 : 159 – 169 .
  • Ruddell , E. J. and Gramann , J. H. 1994 . Goal orientations, norms, and noise-induced conflict among recreation area users . Leisure Sciences , 16 : 93 – 104 .
  • Schneider , I. E. 2000 . Revisiting and revising recreation conflict research . Journal of Leisure Research , 32 : 129 – 132 .
  • Schreyer , R. and Lime , D. W. 1984 . A novice isn't necessarily a novice—The influence of experience use history on subjective perceptions of recreation participation . Leisure Sciences , 6 : 131 – 149 .
  • Schreyer , R. and Nielsen , M. L. 1978 . Westwater and Desolation Canyons: Whitewater river recreation , Logan, Utah : Utah State University . Institute for the Study of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism
  • Schreyer , R. , Lime , D. W. and Williams , D. R. 1984 . Characterizing the influence of past experience on recreation behavior . Journal of Leisure Research , 16 : 34 – 50 .
  • Shelby , B. 1980 . Contrasting recreational experiences: Motors and oars in the Grand Canyon . Journal of Soil and Water Conservation , 35 : 129 – 131 .
  • Shelby , B. , Vaske , J. J. and Donnelly , M. P. 1996 . Norms, standards, and natural resources . Leisure Sciences , 18 : 103 – 123 .
  • Stankey , G. H. 1973 . Visitor perception of wilderness recreation carrying capacity , Ogden, Utah : US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station . (Res. Pap. INT-142)
  • Thapa , B. 1996 . The role of tolerance in recreational conflict: The case of adult skiers and snowboarders , University Park, PA : The Pennsylvania State University . Unpublished masters thesis
  • Thapa , B. Trends and issues in selected winter recreation activities: Alpine skiing and snowboarding . Paper presented at the 5th Outdoor Recreation & Tourism Trends Symposium . September 17–20 . Lansing, MI : Michigan State University .
  • Thapa , B. and Graefe , A. R. Level of skill and its relationship to conflict and tolerance among adult skiers and snowboarders . Paper presented at the National Recreation and Park Association Leisure Research Symposium . Miami Beach, Florida.
  • Thapa , B. and Graefe , A. R. Between- and within-activity conflict and tolerance among adult skiers and snowboarders . Paper presented at the 7th International Symposium on Society and Resource Management . May 27–31 . Columbia, MO : University of Missouri—Columbia .
  • Thapa , B. and Graefe , A. R. 1999b . “ Gender and age group differences in recreational conflict and tolerance among adult skiers and snowboarders ” . In Proceedings of the 1998 Northeastern Recreation Research Symposium , 219 – 226 . Radnor, PA : U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station . (Tech. Rep. NE-255)
  • Todd , S. L. 1987 . Level of experience and perception of conflict among canoeist on the Delaware River , University Park, PA : The Pennsylvania State University . Unpublished masters thesis
  • Todd , S. L. and Graefe , A. R. 1989 . “ Level of experience and perception of conflict among canoeists on the Delaware River ” . In Proceedings of the 1989 Northeastern Recreation Research Symposium , 147 – 156 . Burlington, VT : USDA Forest Service . Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-132
  • Vaske , J. J. , Donnelly , M. P. and Tweed , D. L. 1983 . Recreationist-defined versus researcher-defined similarity judgments in substitutability research . Journal of Leisure Research , 15 : 251 – 262 .
  • Vaske , J. J. , Gliner , J. A. and Morgan , G. A. 2002 . Communicating judgments about practical significance: Effect size, confidence intervals and odds ratios . Human Dimensions of Wildlife , 7 : 287 – 300 .
  • Vaske , J. J. , Beaman , J. , Stanley , R. and Grenier , M. 1996 . Importance performance and segmentation: Where do we go from here? . Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing , 5 ( 3 ) : 225 – 240 .
  • Vaske , J. J. , Carothers , P. , Donnelly , M. P. and Baird , B. 2000 . Recreation conflict among skiers and snowboarders . Leisure Sciences , 22 : 297 – 313 .
  • Vaske , J. J. , Donnelly , M. P. , Wittmann , K. and Laidlaw , S. 1995 . Interpersonal versus social values conflict . Leisure Sciences , 17 : 205 – 222 .
  • Vaske , J. J. , Shelby , B. , Graefe , A. R. and Heberlein , T. A. 1986 . Backcountry encounter norms: Theory, method, and empirical evidence . Journal of Leisure Research , 18 : 137 – 153 .
  • Virden , R. J. and Schreyer , R. 1988 . Recreation specialization as an indicator of environmental preference . Environment and Behavior , 20 : 721 – 739 .
  • Watson , A. E. 1995 . An analysis of recent progress in recreation conflict research and perceptions of future challenges and opportunities . Leisure Sciences , 17 : 235 – 238 .
  • Watson , A. E. , Niccolucci , M. J. and Williams , D. R. 1994 . The nature of conflict between hikers and recreational stock users in the John Muir Wilderness . Journal of Leisure Research , 26 : 372 – 385 .
  • Watson , A. E. , Williams , D. R. and Daigle , J. J. 1991 . Sources of conflict between hikers and mountain bike riders in the Rattlesnake NRA . Journal of Park and Recreation Administration , 9 : 59 – 71 .
  • Wellman , J. D. , Roggenbuck , J. W. and Smith , A. C. 1982 . Recreation specialization and norms of depreciative behavior among canoeists . Journal of Leisure Research , 14 : 323 – 340 .
  • Whittaker , D. , Anderson , L. and Mosby , J. 1990 . Susitna Basin recreation user survey results , Anchorage, Alaska : Alaska Department of Natural Resources . Report to Alaska Department of Natural Resources
  • Williams , P. W. , Dossa , K. B. and Fulton , A. 1994 . Tension on the slopes: Managing conflict between skiers and snowboarders . Journal of Applied Recreation Research , 19 : 191 – 213 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.