Measuring University Students' Regulatory Leisure Coping Styles: Planned Breathers or Avoidance?

REFERENCES

• Amiot , C. E. , Gaudreau , P. and Blanchard , C. M. 2004 . Self-determination, coping, and goal attainment in sport . Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology. , 26 : 396 – 411 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aspinwall , L. G. and Taylor , S. E. 1992 . Modeling cognitive adaptation: A longitudinal investigation of the impact of individual differences and coping on college adjustment and performance . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 63 : 989 – 1003 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baumeister , R. F. , Bratslavsky , E. , Muraven , M. and Tice , D. M. 1998 . Ego depletion: Is the active self a limited resource? . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 74 : 1252 – 1265 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bentler , P. M. 2003 . EQS 6 Structural equation program manual , Encino , CA : Multivariate Software .
   Google Scholar
• Caldwell , L. L. 2005 . Leisure and health: Why is leisure therapeutic? . British Journal of Guidance & Counselling , 33 : 7 – 26 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carver , C. S. and Scheier , M. F. 1994 . Situational coping and coping dispositions in a stressful transaction . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 66 : 184 – 195 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carver , C. S. , Scheier , M. F. and Weintraub , J. K. 1989 . Assessing coping strategies: A theoretically based approach . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 56 : 267 – 283 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen , S. , Kamarck , T. and Mermelstein , R. 1983 . A global measure of perceived stress . Journal of Health and Social Behavior. , 24 : 385 – 396 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coleman , D. and Iso-Ahola , S. 1993 . Leisure and health: The role of social support and self-determination . Journal of Leisure Research , 25 : 111 – 128 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Connor-Smith , J. K. , Compas , B. E. , Wadsworth , M. E. , Thomsen , A. H. and Saltzman , H. 2000 . Responses to stress in adolescence: Measurement of coping and involuntary stress responses . Journal of Counseling and Clinical Psychology. , 68 : 976 – 992 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deci , E. L. and Ryan , R. M. 1985 . Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior , New York : Plenum .
   Google Scholar
• Deci , E. L. , Vallerand , R. J. , Pelletier , L. G. and Ryan , R. M. 1991 . Motivation and education: The self-determination perspective . Educational Psychologist. , 26 : 325 – 346 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elliot , A. E. and McGregor , H. A. 2001 . A 2 × 2 achievement goal framework . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 80 : 501 – 519 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferrari , J. R. 1993 . Christmas and procrastination: Explaining lack of diligence at a “real-world” task deadline . Personality and Individual Differences. , 14 : 25 – 33 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Folkman , S. 1984 . Personal control and stress and coping processes: A theoretical analysis . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. , 46 : 839 – 852 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garner , D. M. and Wooley , S. C. 1991 . Confronting the failure of behavioral and dietary treatments for obesity . Clinical Psychology Review. , 11 : 729 – 780 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gauvin , L. and Rejeski , W. J. 1993 . The Exercise-Induced Feeling Inventory: Development and initial validation . Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology. , 15 : 403 – 423 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gottfredson , M. R. and Hirschi , T. 1990 . A general theory of crime , Standford , CA : Stanford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Grouzet , F. M. E. , Otis , N. and Pelletier , L. G. 2006 . Longitudinal cross-gender factorial invariance of the Academic Motivation Scale . Structural Equation Modeling. , 13 : 73 – 98 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hack , T. F. and Degner , L. F. 2004 . Coping responses following breast cancer diagnosis predict psychological adjustment three years later . Psycho-Oncology. , 13 : 235 – 247 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haycock , L. , McCarthy , P. and Skay , C. 1998 . Procrastination in college students: The role of self-efficacy and anxiety . Journal of Counseling & Development , 76 : 317 – 327 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heintzman , P. and Mannell , R. 2003 . Spiritual functions of leisure and spiritual well-being: Coping with time pressure . Leisure Sciences. , 25 : 207 – 230 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hutchinson , S. L. , Baldwin , C. K. and Oh , S. S. 2006 . Adolescent coping: Exploring adolescents' leisure-based responses to stress . Leisure Sciences. , 28 : 115 – 131 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hutchinson , S. L. and Kleiber , D. A. 2005 . “ Leisure, constraints, and negative life events: Paradox and possibilities ” . In Constraints to Leisure , Edited by: Jackson , E. L. 137 – 150 . State College , PA : Venture Publishing, Inc. .
   Google Scholar
• Hutchinson , S. L. , Loy , D. P. , Kleiber , D. A. and Dattilo , J. 2003 . Leisure as a coping resource: Variations in coping with traumatic injury and illness . Leisure Sciences , 25 : 143 – 161 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iwasaki , Y. 2003 . Roles of leisure in coping with stress among university students: A repeated-assessment field study . Anxiety, Stress, and Coping. , 16 : 31 – 57 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iwasaki , Y. 2006 . Counteracting stress through leisure coping: A prospective health study . Psychology, Health & Medicine , 11 ( 2 ) : 209 – 220 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Iwasaki , Y. , MacKay , K. , Mactavish , J. , Ristock , J. and Bartlett , J. 2006 . Voices from the margins: Stress, active living, and leisure as a contributor to coping with stress . Leisure Sciences , 28 : 163 – 180 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iwasaki , Y. , Mactavish , J. and MacKay , K. 2005 . Building on strengths and resilience: Leisure as a stress survival strategy . British Journal of Guidance & Counselling. , 33 : 81 – 100 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iwasaki , Y. and Mannell , R. C. 2000 . Hierarchical dimensions of leisure stress coping . Leisure Sciences. , 22 : 163 – 181 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iwasaki , Y. and Schneider , I. E. 2003 . Leisure, stress, and coping: An evolving area of inquiry . Leisure Sciences. , 25 : 107 – 113 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Juniper , D. 2005 . Leisure counseling, coping skills and therapeutic applications . British Journal of Guidance & Counselling , 33 : 27 – 36 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kleiber , D. A. , Hutchinson , S. L. and Williams , R. 2002 . Leisure as a resource in transcending negative life events: Self-protection, self-restoration, and personal transformation . Leisure Sciences. , 24 : 219 – 235 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kline , R. B. 1998 . Principles and practice of structural equation modeling , New York : The Guilford Press .
   Google Scholar
• Lay , C. H. 1988 . The relationship of procrastination and optimism to judgments of time to complete an essay and anticipation of setbacks . Journal of Social Behavior and Personality , 3 : 201 – 214 .
   Google Scholar
• Lay , C. H. 1995 . “ Trait procrastination, agitation, dejection and self-discrepancy. ” . In Trait procrastination, and task avoidance: Theory, research and treatment , Edited by: Ferrari , J. R. , Johnson , J. L. and McCown , W. G. 97 – 112 . New York : Plenum Press .
   Google Scholar
• Lazarus , R. S. 2000 . Toward better research on stress and coping . American Psychologist. , 55 : 665 – 673 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lazarus , R. S. and Folkman , S. 1984 . Stress, appraisal, and coping , New York : Springer .
   Google Scholar
• Lazarus , R. S. , Kanner , A. D. and Folkman , S. 1980 . “ Emotions: A cognitive-phenomenological analysis ” . In Theories of emotion , Edited by: Plutchik , R. and Kellerman , H. 189 – 217 . New York : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Leitner , M. J. and Leitner , S. F. 2005 . The use of leisure counselling as a therapeutic technique . British Journal of Guidance & Counselling. , 33 : 37 – 49 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Macan , T. M. , Shahani , C. , Dipboye , R. L. and Phillips , A. P. 1990 . College students' time management: Correlations with academic performance and stress . Journal of Educational Psychology. , 82 : 760 – 768 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ottenbreit , N. D. and Dobson , K. S. 2004 . Avoidance and depression: The construction of the Cognitive-Behavioral Avoidance Scale . Behaviour Research & Therapy. , 42 : 293 – 313 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pelletier , L. G. , Vallerand , R. J. , Green-Demers , I. , Brière , N. M. and Blais , M. R. 1995 . Loisirs et santé mentale: les relations entre la motivation pour la pratique des loisirs et le bien-être psychologique . Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science. , 27 : 140 – 156 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perrez , M. and Reicherts , M. 1992 . Stress, coping, and health: A situation-behavior approach theory, methods, applications , Seattle , WA : Hogrefe & Huber Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Ryan , R. M. and Connell , J. P. 1989 . Perceived locus of causality and internalization. Examining reasons for acting in two domains . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 57 : 749 – 761 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryan , R. M. and Deci , E. L. 2002 . “ Overview of Self-Determination Theory: An organismic dialectical perspective ” . In Handbook of self-determination research , Edited by: Deci , E. L. and Ryan , R. M. 3 – 33 . Rochester , NY : University of Rochester Press .
   Google Scholar
• Ryan , R. M. and Frederick , C. M. 1997 . On energy, personality and health: Subjective vitality as a dynamic reflection of well-being . Journal of Personality , 65 : 529 – 565 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schneider , I. E. and Iwasaki , Y. 2003 . Reflections on leisure, stress, and coping research . Leisure Science. , 25 : 301 – 305 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schouwenburg , H. C. 1995 . “ Academic procrastination: Theoretical notions, measurement, and research ” . In Trait procrastination, and task avoidance: Theory, research and treatment , Edited by: Ferrari , J. R. , Johnson , J. L. and McCown , W. G. 71 – 96 . New York : Plenum Press .
   Google Scholar
• Skinner , E. A. , Edge , K. , Altman , J. and Sherwood , H. 2003 . Searching for the structure of coping: A review and critique of category systems for classifying ways of coping . Psychological Bulletin. , 129 : 216 – 269 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tabachnick , B. G. and Fidell , L. S. 2001 . Using multivariate statistics (Fourth edition) , Needham Heights , MA : Allyn & Bacon .
   Google Scholar
• Tangney , J. P. , Baumeister , R. F. and Boone , A. L. 2004 . High self-control predicts good adjustment, less pathology, better grades, and interpersonal success . Journal of Personality , 72 : 271 – 322 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tice , D. and Baumeister , R. 1997 . Longitudinal study of procrastination, performance, stress, and health: The costs and benefits of dawdling . Psychological Science , 8 : 454 – 458 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trenberth , L. and Dewe , P. 2005 . An exploration of the role of leisure in coping with work related stress using sequential tree analysis . British Journal of Guidance & Counselling. , 33 : 101 – 116 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vallerand , R. J. 1997 . “ Toward a hierarchical model of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation ” . In Advances in experimental social psychology , Edited by: Zanna , M. P. Vol. 29 , 271 – 360 . New York : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Vallerand , R. J. , Pelletier , L. G. , Blais , M. R. , Brière , N. M. , Senécal , C. and Vallières , E. F. 1992 . The Academic Motivation Scale: A measure of intrinsic, extrinsic, and amotivation in education . Educational and Psychological Measurement. , 52 : 1003 – 1017 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watson , D. , Clark , L. A. and Tellegen , A. 1988 . Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affects: The PANAS scales . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. , 54 : 1063 – 1070 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watson , D. and Pennebaker , J. W. 1989 . Health complaints, stress, and distress: Exploring the central role of negative affectivity . Psychological Review. , 96 : 234 – 254 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wills , T. A. , Sandy , J. M. and Yaeger , A. M. 2002 . Moderators of the relation between substance use level and problems: Test of self-regulation model in middle adolescence . Journal of Abnormal Psychology. , 111 : 3 – 21 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar