Publication Cover
Leisure Sciences
An Interdisciplinary Journal
Volume 30, 2008 - Issue 4
2,749
Views
82
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Articles

Serious Leisure and Recreation Specialization

&
Pages 325-341 | Received 24 Oct 2006, Accepted 02 Aug 2007, Published online: 09 Jul 2008

References

  • Bagozzi , R. P. and Yi , Y. 1988 . On the evaluation of structural equation models . Academy of Marketing Science , 16 ( 1 ) : 76 – 94 .
  • Bagozzi , R. P. , Yi , Y. and Phillips , L. W. 1991 . Assessing construct validity in organizational research . Administrative Science Quarterly , 36 : 421 – 458 .
  • Boxall , P. C. and McFarlane , M. L. 1993 . Human dimensions of Christmas bird counts: Implications for nonconsumptive wildlife recreation programs . Wildlife Society Bulletin , 21 ( 4 ) : 390 – 396 .
  • Bricker , K. S. and Kerstetter , D. L. 2000 . Level of specialization and place attachment: An exploratory study of whitewater recreationists . Leisure Sciences , 22 : 233 – 257 .
  • Browne , M. W. and Cudeck , R. 1993 . “ Alternative ways of assessing model fit ” . In Testing structural equation models , Edited by: Bollen , K. A. and Long , J. S. 136 – 162 . Newbury Park, CA : Sage .
  • Bryan , H. 1977 . Leisure value system and recreational specialization: The case of trout fishermen . Journal of Leisure Research , 9 ( 3 ) : 174 – 187 .
  • Bryan , H. 1979 . Conflict in the great outdoors , Birmingham, AL : The Birmingham Publishing Co .
  • Bryan , H. 2000 . Recreational specialization revisited . Journal of Leisure Research , 31 : 18 – 21 .
  • Buchanan , T. 1985 . Commitment and leisure behavior: A theoretical perspective . Leisure Sciences , 7 : 401 – 421 .
  • Campbell , D. and Fiske , D. 1959 . Convergent and discriminant validity by the multitrait-multimethod matrix . Psychological Bulletin , 54 : 81 – 105 .
  • Chubb , M. and Chubb , H. R. 1981 . One third of our time? An introduction to recreation behavior and resources , New York : John Wiley & Sons, Inc .
  • Davis , D. 2000 . Business research for decision making , Pacific Grove, CA : Duxbury .
  • Ditton , R. B. , Loomis , D. K. and Choi , S. 1992 . Recreation specialization: Re-conceptualization from a social world's perspective . Journal of Leisure Research , 24 : 33 – 51 .
  • Donnelly , M. P. , Vaske , J. J. and Graefe , A. R. 1986 . Degree and range of recreation specialization: Toward a typology of boating related activities . Journal of Leisure Research , 18 ( 2 ) : 81 – 95 .
  • Fornel , C. and Larcker , D. 1981 . Evaluating structure equations models with unobservable variables and measurement error . Journal of Marketing Research , 18 ( 1 ) : 39 – 50 .
  • Goff , S. J. , Fick , D. S. and Oppliger , R. A. 1997 . The moderating effect of spouse support on the relation between serious leisure and spouses' perceived leisure-family conflict . Journal of Leisure Research , 29 ( 1 ) : 47 – 60 .
  • Hair , J. F. , Anderson , R. E. , Tatham , R. L. and Black , W. C. 1998 . Multivariate data analysis , London : Prentice Hall, Inc .
  • Hatcher , L. 1994 . A step-by-step approach to using the SAS system for factor analysis and structural equation modeling , Cary, NC : SAS Institute .
  • Hu , L. and Bentler , P. 1998 . Fit indices in covariance structure modeling: Sensitivity to under parameterized model misspecification . Psychological Methods , 3 : 424 – 453 .
  • Hvenegaard , G. T. 2002 . Birder specialization differences in conservation involvement, demographics, and motivations . Human Dimensions of Wildlife , 7 ( 1 ) : 21 – 36 .
  • Hvenegaard , G. T. , Butler , J. R. and Krystofiak , D. K. 1989 . Economic values of bird watching at Point Pelee National Park, Canada . Wildlife Society Bulletin , 17 : 526 – 531 .
  • Jones , I. and Symon , G. 2001 . Lifelong learning as serious leisure: Policy, practice and potential . Leisure Studies , 20 : 269 – 283 .
  • Jöreskog , K. and Sörbom , D. 1984 . Analysis of linear structural relationship by maximum likelihood , Chicago : Scientific Press .
  • Kane , M. J. and Zink , R. 2004 . Package adventure tours: Makers in serious leisure careers . Leisure Studies , 23 ( 4 ) : 329 – 345 .
  • Kellert , S. R. 1985 . Birdwatching in American society . Leisure Sciences , 7 ( 3 ) : 343 – 360 .
  • Kim , S. , Scott , D. and Crompton , J. L. 1997 . An exploration of relationships among social psychological involvement, behavioral involvement, commitment and future intentions in the context of birdwatching . Journal of Leisure Research , 29 ( 3 ) : 320 – 341 .
  • Kline , R. B. 1998 . Principles and practice of structural equation modeling , New York : Guilford Press .
  • Kuentzel , W. F. and McDonald , C. D. 1992 . Different effects of past experience, commitment, and lifestyle dimensions on river use specialization . Journal of Leisure Research , 24 ( 3 ) : 269 – 287 .
  • Lee , J. H. and Scott , D. 2004 . Measuring birding specialization: A confirmatory factor analysis . Leisure Sciences , 26 ( 3 ) : 245 – 260 .
  • Lee , J. H. and Scott , D. 2006 . For better or worse? A structural equation model of the benefits and costs associated with recreational specialization . Leisure Sciences , 28 ( 1 ) : 17 – 38 .
  • Little , B. R. 1976 . “ Specialization and the varieties of environmental experience: Empirical studies within the personality paradigm ” . In Experiencing the Environment , Edited by: Wapner , S. , Cohen , S. and Kaplan , B. 81 – 116 . New York : Plenum Press .
  • McFarlane , B. L. 1994 . Specialization and motivations of birdwatchers . Wildlife Society Bulletin , 22 : 361 – 370 .
  • McIntyre , N. 1989 . The personal meaning of participation: Enduring involvement . Journal of Leisure Research , 21 : 167 – 179 .
  • McIntyre , N. and Pigram , J. J. 1992 . Recreation specialization reexamined: The case of vehicle-based campers . Leisure Sciences , 14 ( 1 ) : 3 – 15 .
  • Obmascik , M. 2004 . The big year: A tale of man, nature, and fowl obsession , New York : Free, Press .
  • Reisinger , Y. and Turner , L. 1999 . Structural equation modeling with Lisrel: Application in tourism . Tourism Management , 20 : 71 – 88 .
  • Schreyer , R. J. and Lime , D. W. 1984 . A novice isn't necessarily a novice – The influence of experience use history on subjective perceptions of recreation participation . Leisure Sciences , 6 : 131 – 149 .
  • Scott , D. , Baker , S. M. and Kim , C. 1999 . Motivations and commitments among participants in the Great Texas Birding Classic . Human Dimensions of Wildlife , 4 ( 1 ) : 50 – 67 .
  • Scott , D. and Godbey , G. 1994 . Recreation specialization in the social world of contract bridge . Journal of Leisure Research , 26 : 275 – 295 .
  • Scott , D. and Shafer , C. S. 2001a . A rejoinder to reviewers' comments . Journal of Leisure Research , 33 ( 3 ) : 357 – 361 .
  • Scott , D. and Shafer , C. S. 2001b . Recreation specialization: A critical look at the construct . Journal of Leisure Research , 33 ( 3 ) : 319 – 343 .
  • Shafer , C. S. and Hammit , W. 1995 . Purism revisited: Specifying recreational conditions of concern according to resource intent . Leisure Sciences , 17 : 15 – 30 .
  • Shamir , B. 1992 . Some correlates of leisure identity salience: Three exploratory studies . Journal of Leisure Research , 24 : 301 – 323 .
  • Stebbins , R. A. 1982 . Serious leisure: A conceptual statement . Pacific Sociological Review , 25 : 251 – 272 .
  • Stebbins , R. A. 1992 . Amateurs, professionals, and serious leisure , Montreal, Quebec : McGill Queen's University Press .
  • Stebbins , R. A. 1997 . Casual leisure: A conceptual statement . Leisure Studies , 16 : 17 – 25 .
  • Stebbins , R. A. 2001 . The cost and benefits of hedonism: Some consequences of taking casual leisure seriously . Leisure Studies , 20 : 305 – 309 .
  • Vardaman , J. M. 1980 . Call collect, ask for birdman: The record-breaking attempt to sight 700 species of North America birds within one year , New York : St. Martins Press .
  • Virden , R. J. and Schreyer , R. 1988 . Recreation specialization as an indicator of environmental preference . Environment and Behavior , 20 ( 6 ) : 721 – 739 .
  • Wiedner , D. and Kerlinger , P. 1990 . Economics of birding: A national survey of active birders . America Birds , 44 : 209 – 213 .
  • Yair , G. 1990 . The commitment to long distance running and levels of activity: Personal or structural? . Journal of Leisure Research , 22 : 213 – 227 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.