Publication Cover
Leisure Sciences
An Interdisciplinary Journal
Volume 14, 1992 - Issue 1
40
Views
29
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Interest group standards for ecological impacts at wilderness campsites

&
Pages 17-27 | Published online: 13 Jul 2009

References

  • Brown , T. C. , Daniel , T. C. , Richards , M. T. and King , D. A. 1988 . Recreation participation and the validity of photo‐based preference judgments . Journal of Leisure Research , 20 : 40 – 60 .
  • Brunson , M. and Shelby , B. 1990 . A hierarchy of campsite attributes in dispersed recreation settings . Journal of Leisure Research , 12 : 197 – 210 .
  • Clark , R. N. and Stankey , G. H. . Site Attributes—A key to managing wilderness and dispersed recreation . Proceedings of the National Wilderness Research Conference: Current Research . pp. 509 – 514 . USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rep. INT‐212
  • Cole , D. N. 1982 . Controlling the spread of campsites at popular wilderness destinations . Journal of Soil and Water Conservation , 37 : 291 – 295 .
  • Cole , D. N. 1985 . “ Management of ecological impacts in wilderness areas in the United States ” . In The ecological impacts of outdoor recreation on mountain areas in Europe and North America , Edited by: Bayfield , N. G. and Barrow , G. C. 138 – 154 . Wye, , England : Ecology Research Group .
  • Dennis , S. and Zube , E. R. 1988 . Voluntary association membership of outdoor recreationists: An exploratory study . Leisure Sciences , 10 : 229 – 245 .
  • Downing , K. and Clark , R. N. . Users’ and managers’ perceptions of dispersed recreation impacts: A focus on roaded forest lands . Proceedings of the Recreational Impact on Wildlands Conference . Edited by: Ittner , R. , Potter , D. , Agee , J. K. and Anschell , S. pp. 18 – 23 . Portland, OR USDA Forest Service PNW publication R‐6‐001
  • Hammitt , W. E. 1987 . Policy decision factors concerning recreational resource impacts . Policy Studies Review , 7 : 359 – 369 .
  • Hammitt , W. E. and Cole , D. N. 1987 . Wildland recreation ecology and management , New York : Wiley & Sons .
  • Heberlein , T. A. and Dunwiddie , P. 1979 . Systematic observation of use levels, campsite selection and visitor characteristics at a high mountain lake . Journal of Leisure Research , 11 : 307 – 316 .
  • Hendee , J. C. , Catton , W. R. , Mariow , L. D. and Brockman , C. F. 1968 . Wilderness users in the Pacific Northwest: Their characteristics, values, and management preferences , USDA Forest Service Research Paper PNW‐61
  • Hendee , J. C. , Gale , R. P. and Harry , J. 1969 . Conversation, politics and democracy . Journal of Soil and Water Conservation , 24 : 212 – 215 .
  • Hendee , J. C. and Pyle , R. M. 1971 . Wilderness managers, wilderness users: A problem of perception . Naturalist , 22 : 22 – 26 .
  • Jacoby , A. P. and Babchuk , N. 1963 . Instrumental and expressive voluntary associations . Sociology and Social Research , 47 : 461 – 471 .
  • Lucas , R. C. 1964 . Wilderness perception and use: The example of the Boundary Waters Canoe Area . Natural Resources Journal , 1 : 394 – 409 .
  • Lucas , R. C. . Perceptions of non‐motorized recreational impacts: A review of research findings . Proceedings of the Recreational Impacts on Wildlands Conference . Edited by: Ittner , R. , Potter , D. , Agee , J. K. and Anschell , S. pp. 24 – 31 . Portland, OR USDA Forest Service PNW publication R‐6‐001
  • Lucas , R. C. 1980 . Use patterns and visitor characteristics, attitudes, and preferences in nine wilderness and other roadless areas , USDA Forest Service Research Paper INT‐253
  • Lucas , R. C. , Cole , D. N. and Stankey , G. H. 1985 . “ Research update: What we have learned about wilderness management ” . In Issues in wilderness management , Edited by: Frome , M. 173 – 188 . Boulder, CO : Westview Press .
  • Lunch , W. M. 1987 . The nationalization of American politics , Berkeley, CA : University of California Press .
  • Marion , J. L. and Lime , D. W. 1986 . “ Recreational resource impacts: Visitor perceptions and management responses ” . In Wilderness and natural areas in the eastern United States , Edited by: Kulhavy , D. and Conner , R. 229 – 235 . Nacogdoches, TX : Stephen F. Austin University .
  • Martin , S. R. , McCool , S. R. and Lucas , R. C. 1989 . Wilderness campsite impacts: Do managers and visitors see them the same? . Environmental Management , 13 : 623 – 629 .
  • McCarthy , J. D. and Zald , M. N. 1977 . Resource mobilization and social movements: A partial theory . American Journal of Sociology , 82 : 1212 – 1241 .
  • Roggenbuck , J. W. , Williams , D. R. , Bange , S. P. and Dean , D. J. 1991 . River float trip encounter norms: Questioning the use of the social norms concept . Journal of Leisure Research , 23 : 133 – 153 .
  • Shelby , B. 1981 . Encounter norms in backcountry settings: Studies of three rivers . Journal of Leisure Research , 13 : 129 – 138 .
  • Shelby , B. and Harris , R. L. 1985 . Comparing methods for determining visitor evaluations of ecological impacts: Site visits, photographs, and written descriptions . Journal of Leisure Research , 17 : 51 – 61 .
  • Shelby , B. , Bregenzer , N. S. and Johnson , R. 1988a . Displacement and product shift: Empirical evidence from Oregon rivers . Journal of Leisure Research , 20 : 274 – 288 .
  • Shelby , B. , Vaske , J. J. and Harris , R. L. 1988b . User standards for ecological impacts at wilderness campsites . Journal of Leisure Research , 20 : 245 – 256 .
  • Shelby , B. and Vaske , J. J. 1991 . Using normative data to develop evaluative standards for resource management: A comment on three recent papers . Journal of Leisure Research , 23 : 173 – 187 .
  • Shindler , B. A. . Group evaluations of ecological and social campsite attributes . Paper presented at Defining Wilderness Quality Seminar . Fort Collins, CO : Colorado State University .
  • Stankey , G. H. 1973 . Visitor perception of wilderness recreation carrying capacity , USDA Forest Service Research Paper INT‐142
  • Truman , D. B. 1971 . The governmental process , 2nd ed. , New York : Knopf .
  • Vaske , J. J. . Contact preference norms versus actual contacts: Crowding among Brule River canoeists . Paper presented at Annual Meeting of the Rural Sociological Society . San Francisco , CA.
  • Vaske , J. J. , Shelby , B. , Graefe , A. and Heberlein , T. A. 1986 . Backcountry encounter norms: Theory, method and empirical evidence . Journal of Leisure Research , 18 : 137 – 153 .
  • Whittaker , D. and Shelby , B. 1988 . Types of norms for recreation impacts: Extending the social norms concept . Journal of Leisure Research , 20 : 261 – 273 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.