Methane metabolism in raised bogs of northern wetlands

References

• ASTM . 1970 . “ Standard test method for pore size characteristics of membrane filters for use with aerospace fluids ” . In Annual Book of ASTM Standards , Philadelphia : ASTM . ASTM F 316–70, Part 41:684–690
   Google Scholar
• Bear , J. 1988 . Dynamics of fluids in porous media. , New York : Dover .
   Google Scholar
• Blake , G. R. and Hartge , K. H. 1986 . Methods of soil analysis , Agronomy Monogr. 9 377 – 382 . Madison, WI : Soil Science Society of America .
   Google Scholar
• Boelter , D. H. 1965 . Hydraulic conductivity of peats. . Soil Sci. , 100 : 227 – 231 .
   Google Scholar
• Bolle , H‐J. , Seiler , W. and Bolin , B. 1986 . “ Other greenhouse gases and aerosols ” . In The greenhouse effect, climate change, and ecosystems , Edited by: Bolin , B. , Doos , Bo. R. , Jagger , J. and Warrick , R. A. 157 – 203 . New York : John Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Brown , A. , Mathur , S. P. and Kushner , D. J. 1989 . An ombrotrophic bog as a methane reservoir. . Global Biogeochem. Cycles , 3 : 205 – 213 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown , A. , Sprott , G. D. and Kushner , D. J. 1989 . Preliminary review of an acidophilic methane‐producing enrichment culture . Abst. 39th Annual Meeting Can. Soc. Microbiol., Laval. . 1989 , Quebec. pp. 44
   Google Scholar
• Cawse , P. A. and Mableson , K. M. 1971 . The effect of gamma‐radiation on the release of carbon dioxide from fresh soil. . Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. , 2 : 421 – 431 .
   Google Scholar
• Chason , D. B. and Siegel , D. I. 1986 . Hydraulic conductivity and related physical properties of peat, Lost River Peatland, northern Minnesota. . Soil Sci. , 142 : 91 – 99 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christiansen , J. E. 1944 . Effect of entrapped air upon the permeability of soils. . Soil Sci. , 58 : 355 – 365 .
   Google Scholar
• Conrad , R. 1989 . “ Control of methane production in terrestrial ecosystems ” . In Exchange of trace gases between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere , Edited by: Andreae , M. O. and Schimel , D. S. 39 – 58 . Dahlem Konferensen, Chichester, , U.K. : John Wiley & Sons .
   Google Scholar
• Constantz , J. , Herkelrath , W. N. and Murphy , F. 1988 . Air encapsulation during infiltration. . Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. , 52 : 10 – 16 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dinel , H. S. , Mathur , S. P. , Brown , A. and Levesque , M. 1988 . A field study of the effect of depth on methane production in peatland waters: Equipment and preliminary results . J. Ecol. , 76 : 1083 – 1091 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edil , T. B. , Bosscher , P. J. and DeWitt , C. B. 1986 . “ Compression and gravity drainage as a means of dewatering peat ” . In Peat and water , Edited by: Fuchsman , C. H. 37 – 59 . London : Elsevier Applied Science .
   Google Scholar
• Frankenberger , W. T. Jr. , Troeh , F. R. and Dumenil , L. C. 1979 . Bacterial effects on hydraulic conductivity of soils. . Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. , 43 : 333 – 338 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galvin , L. F. and Hanrahan , E. T. 1967 . Steady state drainage flow in peat. . Natl. Council Highw. Res. Board. Res. Rec. , 203 : 131 – 163 .
   Google Scholar
• Ganong , W. F. 1897 . Upon raised peat‐bogs in the Province of New Brunswick . Trans. R. Soc. Can. Ser , 2 ( 3 ) : 131 – 163 .
   Google Scholar
• Hesslein , R. H. 1976 . An in‐situ sampler for close interval pore water studies. . Limnol. Oceanogr. , 21 : 912 – 914 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hillel , D. 1980 . Fundamentals of soil physics. , Toronto : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Ingram , H. A. P. 1982 . Size and shape in raised mire ecosystems: A geophysical model . Nature , 297 : 300 – 303 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iversen , N. , Oremland , R. S. and Klug , M. J. 1987 . Big Soda Lake (Nevada). 3. Pelagic methogene‐sis and anaerobic methane oxidation. . Limnol. Oceanogr. , 32 : 804 – 814 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klute , A. and Dirksen , C. 1986 . “ Hydraulic conductivity and diffusivity: laboratory methods ” . In Methods of soil analysis, , 2nd ed. , 694 – 700 . Madison, WI : Agronomy Monogr. 9. Soil Science Society of America . Part 1
   Google Scholar
• Landva , A. O. , Pheeney , P. E. , La Rochelle , P. and Briaud , J.‐L. 1986 . Structures on peatland— Geotechnical investigations. Proc. Adv. Peatlands Engineering , 31 – 52 . Ottawa, , Canada : Carleton University . NRCC 26012
   Google Scholar
• Loxham , M. 1980 . Theoretical consideration of transport of pollutants in peats . Proc. 6th Int. Peat Congr. . 1980 , Duluth. pp. 600 – 606 . Helsinki : International Peat Society .
   Google Scholar
• Loxham , M. and Burghardt , W. 1986 . “ Saturated and unsaturated permeabilities of North German peats ” . In Peat and water , Edited by: Fuchsmam , C. H. 37 – 59 . London : Elsevier Applied Science .
   Google Scholar
• Malek , R. E. and Weismann , T. J. J. 1988 . Cyclic behaviour in anaerobic methane production and oxidation . J. Penn. Acad. Sci. , 62 : 155 – 159 .
   Google Scholar
• Marshall , T. J. and Holmes , J. W. 1988 . Soil physics , 82 – 109 . New York : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Mathur , S. P. and Lévesque , M. 1985 . Negative effect of depth on saturated hydraulic conductivity of histosols . Soil Sci. , 140 : 462 – 466 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moore , P. 1987 . A thousand years of death. . New Sci. , 113 : 46 – 48 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moore , T. R. and Knowles , R. 1990 . Methane emissions from fen bog and swamp peatlands in Quebec, Canada. . Biogeochemistry , 11 : 45 – 62 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nisbet , E. G. 1989 . Some Northern sources of atmospheric methane: Production history, and future implications. . Can. J. Earth Sci. , 26 : 1603 – 1611 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paivanen , J. 1973 . Hydraulic conductivity and water retention in peat soils. . Acta For. Fenn. , 129 : 1 – 67 .
   Google Scholar
• Pauss , A. , Andre , G. , Perrier , M. and Guiot , S. R. 1990 . Liquid‐to‐gas transfer in anaerobic processes: Inevitable transfer limitations of methane and hydrogen in the biomethanation process. . Appl. Environ. Microbiol. , 56 : 1636 – 1644 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poulovassilis , A. 1972 . The changeability of the hydraulic conductivity of saturated soil samples. . Soil Sci. , 113 : 1 – 87 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reynolds , W. D. , Brown , D. A. , Mathur , S. P. and Overend , R. P. 1992 . Effect of in‐situ gas accumulation on the hydraulic conductivity of peat. . Soil Sci. , 153 : 397 – 408 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rudd , J. W. M. and Taylor , D. C. 1980 . Methane cycling in aquatic environments. . Adv. Aquat. Microbiol. , 2 : 77 – 150 .
   Google Scholar
• Rycroft , D. W. , Williams , D. J. A and Ingram , H. A. P. 1975 . The transmission of water through peat: 1. . Review. J. Ecol. , 63 : 557 – 568 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siegel , D. I. , Glaser , P. H. and Romanowicz , E. A. 1991 . Methane concentrations and groundwater flow in peat, Glacial Lake Agassiz Peatlands, northern Minnesota . 10th International Symposium on Environmental Geochemistry . 1991 , San Francisco. pp. 41 Abstract
   Google Scholar
• Steele , L. P. , Fraser , P. J. , Rasmussen , R. A. , Khahil , M. A. K. , Conway , T. J. , Crawford , A. J. , Gammon , R. H. , Masarie , K. A. and Thoning , K. W. 1987 . The global distribution of methane in the troposphere. . J. Atmos. Chem. , 5 : 125 – 171 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tiuri , M. , Toikka , M. V. , Tolonen , K. and Rummukainen , A. 1984 . Capability of new radiowave moisture probe in peat resource industry . Proc. 7th Int. Peat Congr. . 1984 , Dublin, Ireland. Vol. 1 , pp. 517 – 525 .
   Google Scholar
• Toikka , M. V. , Hallikainen , M. and Grace , Dodd P. M. 1989 . “ A practical electric instrument for in situ measurement of peat properties. Proc. 11th International Congress on Agricultural Engineering V.A. ” . In Land and water use vol. 1 , 101 – 105 . Dublin, , Ireland
   Google Scholar
• Toikka , M. V. , Tiuri , M. and Tolonen , K. 1985 . Capability of new radiowave moisture probe in tropical peat resource inventory . Proc. IPS Symp. Tropical Peats . 1985 , Kingston, Jamaica. pp. 215 – 223 .
   Google Scholar
• Topp , G. C. , Davis , J.‐L. and Annan , A. P. 1980 . Electromagnetic determination of soil water content: measurement in coaxial transmission lines. . Water Resour. Res. , 16 : 574 – 582 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waine , J. , Brown , J. M. B. and Ingram , H. A. P . 1985 . Non Darcian transmission of water in certain humidified peats . J. Hydrol. , 82 : 327 – 339 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winfrey , M. R. and Zeikus , J. G. 1977 . Effect of sulfate on carbon and electron flow during microbial methanogenesis in freshwater sediments. . Appl. Environ. Microbiol. , 33 : 275 – 281 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wyckoff , R. D. and Botset , H. G. 1936 . The flow of gas‐liquid mixture through unconsolidated sands. . Physics , 7 : 325 – 345 .
   Google Scholar
• Zehnder , A. J. B. and Brock , T. D. 1979 . Methane formation and methane oxidation by methanogenic bacteria. . J. Bacteriol. , 137 : 420 – 432 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zehnder , A. J. B. and Brock , T. D. 1980 . Anaerobic methane oxidation: Occurrence and ecology. . Appl. Environ. Microbiol. , 39 : 194 – 204 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar