Design of Nanostructured Tamarind Seed Kernel Polysaccharide-Silica Hybrids for Mercury (II) Removal

REFERENCES

• Sharp , K.G. ( 1998 ) Inorganic/organic hybrid materials . Adv. Mater. , 10 : 1243 – 1248 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gautierm , C. ; Aribi , N.A. ; Roux , C. ; Lopez , P.J. ; Livage , J. ; Coradin , T. ( 2008 ) Biomimetic dual templating of silica by polysaccharide/protein assemblies . Colloids Surf. B , 65 : 140 – 145 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shchipunov , Y.A. ; Karpenko , T.Y. ( 2004 ) Hybrid polysaccharide-silica nanocomposites prepared by sol-gel technique . Langmuir , 20 : 3882 – 3887 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kajihara , K. ; Hirano , M. ; Hosono , H. ( 2009 ) Sol-gel synthesis of monolithic silica gels and glasses from phase-separating tetraethoxysilane-water binary system . Chem. Commun. , 18 : 2580 – 2582 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chrusciel , J. ; Slusarski , L. ( 2003 ) Synthesis of nanosilica by the sol-gel method and its activity towards polymers . Mater. Sci. , 21 : 461 – 469 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang , H.H. ; Zhu , Q.Z. ; Chen , Q. ; Ding , X.L. ; Xu , M.T. ( 2002 ) Flow injection fluorescence immunoassay for gentamicine using sol-gel derived mesoporous biomaterial . Anal. Biochem. , 308 : 71 – 76 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kros , A. ; Gerritsen , M. ; Sprake , V. ; Sommerdij , N. ; Jansen , J.A. ; Nolte , R.J.M. ( 2001 ) Silica-based hybrid materials as biocompatible coatings for glucose sensors . Sens. Actuators, B , 81 : 68 – 75 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin , J. ; Baerner , K. ( 2000 ) Tunable photoluminescence in sol-gel derived silica xerogels . Mater. Lett. , 46 : 86 – 92 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chmielewska , E. ( 2008 ) Development of new generation of environmental adsorbents based on natural nanomaterials . Chem. Listy , 2 : 124 – 130 .
   Google Scholar
• Yaronm , A. ( 1993 ) Characterization of Aloe vera gel before and after autodegradation, and stabilization of the natural fresh gel . Phytotherapy Res , 7 ( 7 ): S11 – S13 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh , V. ; Pandey , S. ; Singh , S.K. ; Sanghi , R. ( 2009 ) Removal of cadmium from aqueous solutions by adsorption using poly(acrylamide) modified guar gum–silica nanocomposites . Sep. and Purif. Technol. , 67 : 251 – 261
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh , V. ; Singh , S.K. ; Pandeya , S. ; Sanghi , R. ( 2010 ) Adsorption behavior of potato starch-silica nanobiocomposite . Adv. Mat. Lett. , 1 ( 1 ): 40 – 47 .
   Google Scholar
• Gupta , V. ; Puri , R. ; Gupta , S. ; Jain , S. ; Rao , G.K. ( 2010 ) Tamarind kernel gum: An upcoming natural polysaccharide . Sys. Rev. Pharm. , 1 ( 1 ): 50 – 54 .
   Google Scholar
• Kumar , C.S. ; Bhattacharya , S. ( 2008 ) Tamarind seed: properties, Processing and utilization . Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. , 48 ( 1 ): 1 – 20 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang , J. ; Xu , S. ; Zhang , S. ; Du , Z. ( 2008 ) Preparation and characterization of tamarind gum/sodium alginate composites . Iran. Polym., J. , 17 : 899 – 906 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cameron , R.E. ( 1992 ) Guide to Site and Soil Description for Hazardous Waste Site Characterization, Volume 1: Metals, Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): Washington DC.
   Google Scholar
• Lai , E.P. ; Wong , B. ; Vandernoot , V.A. ( 1993 ) Preservation of solid mercury dithizonate samples with polyvinylchloride for determination of Hg(II) in environment water by photochromism-induced photoacustic spectrometry . Talanta , 40 : 1097 – 1105 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D'Itri , F.M. ( 1991 ) Mercury contamination-what we have learned since Minamata . Environ. Monit. Assess. , 19 : 165 – 182 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Selin , N.E. ( 2009 ) Global Biogeochemical Cycling of Mercury: A Review . Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. , 34 : 43 – 63 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh , V. ; Singh , S.K.; Mauyra S. ( 2010 ) Microwave induced poly(acrylic acid) modification of Cassia javanica seed gum for efficient Hg(II) removal from solution . Chem. Eng. J. , 160 : 129 – 137 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh , V. ; Tiwari , A. ; Tripathi , D.N. ; Sanghi , R. ( 2005 ) Poly(acrylonitrile) grafted ipomoea seed-gum: A renewable reservoir to industrial gum . Biomacromolecules , 6 : 453 – 456 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sierra , L. ; Guth , J.L. (1999) Synthesis of mesoporous silica with tunable pore size from sodium silicate solutions and a polyethylene oxide surfactant. Micropor. Mesopor. Mater. , 27: 243–253.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh , V. ; Tiwari , A. ; Pandey , S. ; Singh , S.K. ; Sanghi , R. ( 2007 ) Synthesis and characterization of novel saponified guar-graft-poly(acrylonitrile)/silica nanocomposite materials . J. Appl. Polym. Sci. , 104 : 536 – 544 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lopez-Ramon , M.V. ; Stoeckli , F. ; Moreno-Castilla , C. ; Carrasco-Marin , F. ( 1999 ) On the characterization of acidic and basic surface sites on carbons by various techniques . Carbon , 37 : 1215 – 1221 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramakrishna , T.V. ; Aravamudan , G. ; Vijay kumar , M. ( 1976 ) Determination of mercury (II) as the ternary complex with rhodamine 6 G and iodine . Anal. Chim. Acta , 84 : 369 – 375 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh , V. ; Tiwari , S. ; Sharma , A.K. ; Sanghi , R. ( 2007 ) Removal of lead from aqueous solution using Cassaia grandis-g-PMMA . J. Colloid Interface Sci. , 316 : 224 – 232 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Slejko , F. ( 1985 ) Adsorption Technology: A step by step approach to process evaluation and application ; Marcel Dekker : New York , pp. 1 – 35 .
   Google Scholar
• Heckey , R.E. ; Mopper , K. ; Kilahm , P. ; Degens , E.T. ( 1973 ) The amino acid and sugar composition of diatom cell-walls . Mar. Biol. , 19 : 323 – 331 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh , V. ; Pandey , S. ; Singh , S.K. ; Sanghi , R. ( 2008 ) Sol-gel polycondensation of tetraethoxysilane in ethanol in presence of vinyl modified guar gum: Synthesis of novel nano-compositional adsorbent materials . J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol. , 47 : 58 – 67 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh , V. ; Pandey , S. ; Singh , S.K. ; Sanghi , R. ( 2009 ) Removal of cadmium from aqueous solutions by adsorption using poly(acrylamide) modified guar gum-silica nanocomposites . Sep. Purif. Technol. , 67 : 251 – 261 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jing , S-Y. ; Lee , H-J. ; Choi , C.K. ( 2002 ) Chemical bond structure on Si-O-C composite film with a low dielectric constant deposited by using inductively coupled plasma chemical vapor deposition . J. Korean Phys. Soc. , 4 : 769 – 773 .
   Google Scholar
• Olejniczak , Z. ; Leczka , M. ; Kowalska , K.C. ; Wojtach , K. ; Rotika , M. ; Mozgawa , W. ( 2005 ) 29Si MAS, NMR and FTIR study of inorganic-organic hybrids gels . J. Mol. Struct. , 744–747 : 465 – 471 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lenza , R.F.S. ; Vasconcelos , W.L. ( 2001 ) Preparation of silica by sol-gel method using formamide . Mater. Res. , 4 ( 3 ): 189 – 194 .
   Google Scholar
• Kamiya , K. ; Dohkai , T. ; Wada , M. ; Hashimoto , T. ; Matsuoka , J. ; Nasu , H. ( 1998 ) X-ray diffraction of silica gels made by sol-gel method under different conditions . J. Non-Cryst. Solids , 240 : 202 – 211 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bahadur , D. ; Dunlap , R.A. ; Foldeak , M. ( 1996 ) Metastable Ti-Ni-Fe-Si alloys prepared by mechanical alloying . J. Alloys Compd. , 240 : 278 – 284 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang , X. ; Wu , Y. ; He , S. ; Yang , D. ( 2007 ) Structural characterization of sol-gel composites using TEOS/MEMO as precursor . Surf. Coat. Technol. , 201 : 6051 – 6058 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li , F. ; Du , P. ; Chen , W. ; Zhang , S. ( 2007 ) Preparation of silica-supported porous sorbent for heavy metal ions removal in wastewater treatment by organic-inorganic hybridization combined with sucrose and polyethylene glycol imprinting . Anal. Chim. Acta , 585 : 211 – 218 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chiodini , N. ; Meinardi , F. ; Morazzoni , F. ; Paleari , A. ; Scotti , R. ( 2000 ) Ultrviolet photoluminescence of porous silica . Appl. Phys. Lett. , 76 : 3209 – 3211 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hinic , I. ; Stanisic , G. ; Popovic , Z. ( 2003 ) Influence of the synthetic condition on the photoluminescence of silica gel . J. serb. Chem. Soc. , 68 : 953 – 959 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu , G.Q. ; Zheng , Z.X. ; Tang , W.M. ; Tu , Y.C. ( 2007 ) Multi-peak behavior of photoluminescence of silica particles heat-treated in hydrogen at elevated temperature . J. Lumin. , 126 : 43 – 47 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ho , Y.S. ; McKay , G. ( 1998 ) A comparison of chemisorptions kinetic models applied to pollutant removal on various sorbent . Trans IChemE , 76B : 332 – 340 .
   Google Scholar
• Ho , Y.S. ; McKay , G. ( 1999 ) Comparative sorption kinetics studies of dye and aromatic compounds onto fly ash . J. Environ. Sci. Health. Part A , 34 ( 5 ): 1179 – 1204 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sarkar , D. ; Essington , M.E. ; Mishra , K.C. ( 1999 ) Adsorption of mercury by variable charge surfaces of Quartz and Gibbsite . Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. , 63 : 1626 – 1636 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Namassivayam , C. ; Kadirvelu , K. ( 1999 ) Uptake of mercury (II) from waste water by activated carbon from an unwanted agricultural solid by-product: Coirpith . Carbon , 37 : 79 – 84 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yalçinkaya , Y. ; A. Denizli , A. ; Arica , M.Y. ; Gen , Ö ; Bektas , S. ( 2002 ). Biosorption of mercury by carboxymethylcellulose and immobilized. Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Microchem. J. , 71 : 73 – 81 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rao , M.M. ; Kumar Reddy , D.H.K. ; Venkateswarlu , P. ; Seshaiah , K. ( 2009 ) Removal of mercury from aqueous solutions using activated carbon prepared from agricultural by-product/waste . J. Environ Management , 90 : 634 – 643 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghodbane , I. ; Hamdaoui , Q. ( 2008 ) Removal of mercury (II) from aqueous media using eucalyptus bark: Kinetic and equilibrium studies . J. Hazard. Mater. , 160 : 301 – 309 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Inbaraj , B.S. ; Sulochana , N. ( 2006 ) Mercury adsorption on a carbon sorbent derived from fruit from shell of Terminalia catappa . J. Hazard. Mater. , 133 : 283 – 290 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• †Permanent Address: Department of Chemistry, IET, M.J.P. Rohilkhand University, Bareilly 243 006, India.
   Google Scholar