Metal-free and stable dye-sensitized polymer matrix for the detoxification of antibiotic drug levofloxacin under visible light illumination

References

• Ray, S. K.; Dhakal, D.; Lee, S. W. Rapid Degradation of Naproxen by AgBr-α-NiMoO4 Composite Photocatalyst in Visible Light: Mechanism and Pathways. Chem. Eng. J. 2018, 347, 836–848.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar, J. V.; Karthik, R.; Chen, S. M.; Muthuraj, V.; Karuppiah, C. Fabrication of Potato-like Silver Molybdate Microstructures for Photocatalytic Degradation of Chronic Toxicity Ciprofloxacin and Highly Selective Electrochemical Detection of H2O2. Sci. Rep. 2016, 6, 34149–34161. DOI: 10.1038/srep34149.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jallouli, N.; Elghniji, K.; Trabelsi, H.; Ksibi, M. Photocatalytic Degradation of Paracetamol on TiO2 Nanoparticles and TiO2/cellulosic Fiber under UV and Sunlight Irradiation. Arab. J. Chem. 2017, 10, S3640–S3645. DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2014.03.014.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kansal, S. K.; Kundu, P.; Sood, S.; Lamba, R.; Umar, A.; Mehta, S. K. Photocatalytic Degradation of the Antibiotic Levofloxacin Using Highly Crystalline TiO2 Nanoparticles. New. J. Chem. 2014, 38(7), 3220–3226. DOI: 10.1039/C3NJ01619F.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hirsch, R.; Ternes, T.; Haberer, K.; Kratz, K. L. Occurrence of Antibiotics in the Aquatic Environment. Sci. Total. Environ. 1999, 225, 109–118. DOI: 10.1016/S0048-9697(98)00337-4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skúlason, S.; Ingolfsson, E.; Kristmundsdóttir, T. Development of a Simple HPLC Method for Separation of Doxycycline and Its Degradation Products. J. Pharmaceut. Biomed. 2003, 33(4), 667–672. DOI: 10.1016/S0731-7085(03)00316-9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gul, W.; Hamid, F.; Ayub, S.; Bhatti, S. Degradation Studies of Selected Fluoroquinolones. EJPMR. 2015, 2(7), 06–10.
   Google Scholar
• Cunha, B. A.;. Antibiotic Side Effects. Med. Clin. N. Am. 2001, 85(1), 149–185. DOI: 10.1016/S0025-7125(05)70309-6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vasquez, M. I.; Lambrianides, A.; Schneider, M.; Kümmerer, K.; Fatta-Kassinos, D. Environmental Side Effects of Pharmaceutical Cocktails: What We Know and What We Should Know. J. Hazard. Mater. 2014, 279, 169–189. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.06.069.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van, X. D.; Dewulf, J.; Van, H. L.; Demeestere, K. Fluoroquinolone Antibiotics: An Emerging Class of Environmental Micropollutants. Sci. Total. Environ. 2014, 500, 250–269. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.08.075.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kümmerer, K.;. Antibiotics in the Aquatic Environment–a Review–part I. Chemosphere 2009, 75(4), 417–434. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.11.086.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Harbi, L. M.; El-Mossalamy, E. H.; Obaid, A. Y.; El-Ries, M. A. Thermal Decomposition of Some Cardiovascular Drugs (Telmisartane, Cilazapril and Terazosin HCL). Am. J. Analyt. Chem. 2013, 4(7), 337–342. DOI: 10.4236/ajac.2013.47042.
   Google Scholar
• Epold, I.; Trapido, M.; Dulova, N. Degradation of Levofloxacin in Aqueous Solutions by Fenton, Ferrous Ion-activated Persulfate and Combined Fenton/persulfate Systems. Chem. Eng. J. 2015, 279, 452–462. DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2015.05.054.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bagheri, S.; TermehYousefi, A.; Do, T. O. Photocatalytic Pathway toward Degradation of Environmental Pharmaceutical Pollutants: Structure, Kinetics and Mechanism Approach. Catal. Sci. Technol. 2017, 7(20), 4548–4569. DOI: 10.1039/C7CY00468K.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, Q.; Xin, Y.; Zhu, X. Au-Pd Nanoparticles-decorated TiO2 Nanobelts for Photocatalytic Degradation of Antibiotic Levofloxacin in Aqueous Solution, Electrochimic. Acta 2015, 186, 34–42.
   Google Scholar
• Yan, X.; Zhao, C.; Zhou, Y.; Wu, Z. J.; Yuan, J. M.; Li, W. S. Synthesis and Characterization of ZnTiO3 with High Photocatalytic Activity. Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China 2015, 25, 2272–2278. DOI: 10.1016/S1003-6326(15)63841-9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prakash, K.; Senthil, K. P.; Latha, P.; Shanmugam, R.; Karuthapandian, S. Dry Synthesis of Water Lily Flower like SrO2/g-C3N4 Nanohybrids for the Visible Light Induced Superior Photocatalytic Activity. Mater. Res. Bull. 2017, 93, 112–122. DOI: 10.1016/j.materresbull.2017.04.018.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, H.; Li, S.; Lu, R.; Yu, A. Time-resolved Study on Xanthene Dye-sensitized Carbon Nitride Photocatalytic Systems. ACS. Appl. Mater. Int. 2015, 7(39), 21868–21874. DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b06309.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jia, T.; Li, M. M.; Ye, L.; Wiseman, S.; Liu, G.; Qu, J.; Tsang, S. E. The Remarkable Activity and Stability of a Dye-sensitized Single Molecular Layer MoS2 Ensemble for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production. Chem. Commun. 2015, 51(70), 13496–13499. DOI: 10.1039/C5CC03871E.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ali, S. S.; Qazi, I. A.; Arshad, M.; Khan, Z.; Voice, T. C.; Mehmood, C. T. Photocatalytic Degradation of Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) Films Using Titania Nanotubes. Environ. Nanotechnol. Monit. Manage. 2016, 5, 44–53.
   Google Scholar
• Shah, E. V.; Patel, C. M.; Roy, D. R. Structure, Electronic, Optical and Thermodynamic Behavior on the Polymerization of PMMA: A DFT Investigation. Comput. Biol. Chem. 2018, 72, 192–198. DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2017.10.013.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ali, U.; Karim, K. J. B. A.; Buang, N. A. A Review of the Properties and Applications of Poly (Methyl Methacrylate) (PMMA). Polym. Rev. 2015, 55, 678–705. DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2015.1031377.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng, B.; Zhao, J.; Xiao, L.; Cai, Q.; Guo, R.; Xiao, Y.; Lei, S. PMMA Interlayer-modulated Memory Effects by Space Charge Polarization in Resistive Switching Based on CuSCN-nanopyramids/ZnO-nanorods P-n Heterojunction. Sci. Rep. 2015, 5, 17859–17867. DOI: 10.1038/srep17859.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ravindrachary, V.; Bhajantri, R. F.; Praveena, S. D.; Poojary, B.; Dutta, D.; Pujari, P. K. Optical and Microstructural Studies on Electron Irradiated PMMA: A Positron Annihilation Study. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 2010, 95(6), 1083–1091. DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2010.02.031.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, Y.; Zhao, H.; Yang, M. TiO2 Nanoparticles Supported on PMMA Nanofibers for Photocatalytic Degradation of Methyl Orange. J. Colloid. Interf. Sci. 2017, 508, 500–507. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.08.076.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poddar, M. K.; Sharma, S.; Moholkar, V. S. Investigations in Two-step Ultrasonic Synthesis of PMMA/ZnO Nanocomposites by In–situ Emulsion Polymerization. Polymer. 2016, 99, 453–469. DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.07.052.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Latha, P.; Prakash, K.; Karuthapandian, S. Facile Fabrication of Visible Light-driven CeO2/PMMA Thin Film Photocatalyst for Degradation of CR and MO Dyes. Res. Chem. Intermediat. 2018, 44(9), 5223–5240. DOI: 10.1007/s11164-018-3419-8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dukali, R. M.; Radović, I. M.; Stojanović, D. B.; Šević, D. D.; Radojević, V. J.; Jocić, D. M.; Aleksić, R. R. Electrospinning of Laser Dye Rhodamine B-doped Poly (Methyl Methacrylate) Nanofibers. J. Serb. Chem. Soc. 2014, 79(7), 867–880. DOI: 10.2298/JSC131014011D.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al, I. A. D. H. A.; Sadik, F. Synthesis and Investigation of Phenol Red Dye Doped Polymer Films. Adv. Mater. Phys. Chem. 2016, 6(5), 120. DOI: 10.4236/ampc.2016.65013.
   Google Scholar
• Matsuoka, M.; Ed. Infrared Absorbing Dyes; Springer Science & Business Media, 2013.
   Google Scholar
• Fabian, J.; Nakazumi, H.; Matsuoka, M. Near-infrared Absorbing Dyes. Chem. Rev. 1992, 92(6), 1197–1226. DOI: 10.1021/cr00014a003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alkan, C.; Sarı, A.; Karaipekli, A.; Uzun, O. Preparation, Characterization, and Thermal Properties of Microencapsulated Phase Change Material for Thermal Energy Storage. Sol. Energy. Mat. Sol. C. 2009, 93(1), 143–147. DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2008.09.009.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kupka, T.;. Complete Basis Set B3LYP NMR Calculations of CDCl3 Solvent’s Water Fine Spectral Details. Magn. Reson. Chem. 2008, 46(9), 851–858. DOI: 10.1002/mrc.2270.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oakes, J.; Gratton, P. Kinetic Investigations of the Oxidation of Methyl Orange and Substituted Arylazonaphthol Dyes by Peracids in Aqueous Solution. J. Chem. Soc., Perk. T.2. 1998, 12, 2563–2568. DOI: 10.1039/a807272h.
   Google Scholar
• Kresze, G.; Berger, M.; Claus, P. K.; Rieder, W. 13C NMR Spectra of Some N‐aryl Substituted Sulphur–nitrogen Compounds. Organ. Magnet. Res. 1976, 8(3), 170–172. DOI: 10.1002/mrc.1270080315.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meier, H.;. Photosensitization of Inorganic solid.Photochem. Photobiol. 1972, 16, 219–241. DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1972.tb06295.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, J.; Chen, X.; Kang, Y.; Yang, G.; Yu, L.; Zhang, P. Preparation of Superhydrophobic Poly (Methyl Methacrylate)-silicon Dioxide Nanocomposite Films. Appl. Surf. Sci. 2010, 257(5), 1473–1477. DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2010.08.075.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robin, M. B.; Simpson, W. T. Assignment of Electronic Transitions in Azo Dye Prototypes. J. Chem. Phys. 1962, 36(3), 580–588. DOI: 10.1063/1.1732574.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qiu, L.; Shen, Y.; Hao, J.; Zhai, J.; Zu, F.; Zhang, T.; Persoons, A. Study on Novel Second-order NLO Azo-based Chromophores Containing Strong Electron-withdrawing Groups and Different Conjugated Bridges. J. Mater. Sci. 2004, 39(7), 2335–2340. DOI: 10.1023/B:JMSC.0000019994.38191.fe.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Snehalatha, M.; Ravikumar, C.; Joe, I. H.; Sekar, N.; Jayakumar, V. S. Spectroscopic Analysis and DFT Calculations of a Food Additive Carmoisine. Spectrochim. Acta. A 2009, 72(3), 654–662. DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2008.11.017.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Latha, P.; Dhanabackialakshmi, R.; Kumar, P. S.; Karuthapandian, S. Synergistic Effects of Trouble Free and 100% Recoverable CeO2/Nylon Nanocomposite Thin Film for the Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Contaminants. Sep. Purif. Technol. 2016, 168, 124–133. DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2016.05.038.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saravanakumar, K.; Ramjan, M. M.; Suresh, P.; Muthuraj, V. Fabrication of Highly Efficient Visible Light Driven Ag/CeO2 Photocatalyst for Degradation of Organic Pollutants. J. Alloy. Compd. 2016, 664, 149–160. DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.12.245.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Latha, P.; Prakash, K.; Karuthapandian, S. Enhanced Visible Light Photocatalytic Activity of CeO2/alumina Nanocomposite: Synthesized via Facile Mixing-calcination Method for Dye Degradation. Adv. Powder. Technol. 2017, 28(11), 2903–2913. DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2017.08.017.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, Q.; Jin, Z.; Peng, Z.; Li, Y.; Li, S.; Lu, G. High-efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution on Eosin Y-sensitized Ti− MCM41 Zeolite under Visible-light Irradiation. J. Phys. Chem. C 2007, 111(23), 8237–8241. DOI: 10.1021/jp068703b.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, X.; Zhao, L.; Lai, H.; Wei, Y.; Yang, G.; Yin, S.; Yi, Z. Graphene Decorated MoS2 for Eosin Y-sensitized Hydrogen Evolution from Water under Visible Light. RSC Adv. 2017, 7(74), 46738–46744. DOI: 10.1039/C7RA09009A.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar, P. S.; Selvakumar, M.; Bhagabati, P.; Bharathi, B.; Karuthapandian, S.; Balakumar, S. CdO/ZnO Nanohybrids: Facile Synthesis and Morphologically Enhanced Photocatalytic Performance. RSC Adv. 2014, 4(62), 32977–32986. DOI: 10.1039/C4RA02502D.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar, P. S.; Selvakumar, M.; Babu, S. G.; Karuthapandian, S. Veteran Cupric Oxide with New Morphology and Modified Bandgap for Superior Photocatalytic Activity against Different Kinds of Organic Contaminants (Acidic, Azo and Triphenylmethane Dyes). Mater. Res. Bull. 2016, 83, 522–533. DOI: 10.1016/j.materresbull.2016.06.043.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar