The Limitations of Behavioural Approaches to Teaching: Some Implications for Special Education

References

• Alberto , P.A. , Briggs , T. and Goldstein , D. 1983 . “ Managing learning in handicapped infants ” . In Educating handicapped infants: Issues in development and intervention , Edited by: Garwood , S.G. and Fewell , R.R. 417 – 454 . Rockville, MD : Aspen Publications .
   Google Scholar
• Astman , J.A. 1984 . Special education as a moral enterprise . Learning Disability Quarterly , 7 : 299 – 308 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ballard , K.D. 1986a . Child learning and development in context: Strategies for analysing behaviour‐environment interactions and a proposal for research into everyday experiences . Educational Psychology , 6 : 123 – 137 .
   Google Scholar
• Ballard , K.D. 1986b . Group designs, within subject designs, case study designs and qualitative methodologies in educational and psychological research . New Zealand Journal of Educational Studies , 21 : 42 – 54 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ballard , K.D. and Medland , J. 1986 . Collateral effects from teaching attention, imitation and toy interaction behaviours to a developmentally handicapped child . Child and Family Behavior Therapy , 7 : 47 – 60 .
   Google Scholar
• Ballard , K.D. , Monk , G. , Medcalf , J. , Stanley‐Hunt , M. and McMillan , W. 1987 . Teaching telephone skills in a workshop setting to adults who have intellectual handicaps: Two data‐based case studies . Australia and New Zealand Journal of Developmental Disabilities , 13 : 29 – 38 .
   Google Scholar
• Ballard , P. 1987 . Pupils who have severe multiple handicaps: A challenge for teachers . National Education , 69 : 133 – 135 .
   Google Scholar
• Biklen , D. 1985 . Achieving the complete school , New York : Teachers College Press .
   Google Scholar
• Bogdan , R. 1983 . A closer look at mainstreaming . Educational Forum , 47 : 25 – 43 .
   Google Scholar
• Bogdan , R. and Taylor , S. 1976 . The judged not the judges: An insider's view of mental retardation . American Psychologist , 31 : 47 – 52 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bronfenbrenner , U. 1979 . Contexts of child rearing, problems and prospects . American Psychologist , 3 : 137 – 148 .
   Google Scholar
• Bronfenbrenner , U. and Crouter , A.C. 1983 . “ The evolution of environmental models in developmental research ” . In Handbook of child psychology: Vol. 1. History, theory and methods , 4th ed. , Edited by: Mussen , P.H. 357 – 414 . New York : John Wiley & Sons .
   Google Scholar
• Cochrane , M. and Ballard , K.D. 1986 . Teaching five special needs children in a regular primary classroom using a consultation‐collaboration model . The Exceptional Child , 33 (2) : 91 – 102 .
   Google Scholar
• Coles , G.S. 1984 . The polyphony of learning in the learning disabled . Learning Disability Quarterly , 7 : 321 – 328 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donnellan , A.M. and Neel , R.S. 1986 . “ New directions in educating students with autism ” . In Education of learners with severe handicaps: Exemplary service strategies , Edited by: Homer , R.H. , Meyer , L.H. and Fredericks , H.D. 99 – 126 . Baltimore : Paul H. Brookes .
   Google Scholar
• Finn , J.D. and Resnick , L.B. 1984 . Issues in the instruction of mildly retarded children . Educational Researcher , 75 (3) : 9 – 11 .
   Google Scholar
• Foxx , R.M. 1985a . The Jack Tizard Memorial Lecture. Decreasing behaviours: Clinical, ethical and environmental issues . Australia and New Zealand Journal of Developmental Disabilities , 10 : 189 – 200 .
   Google Scholar
• Foxx , R.M. 1985b . Social skills training: The current status of the field . Australia and New Zealand Journal of Developmental Disabilities , 10 : 237 – 244 .
   Google Scholar
• Gersten , R. , Woodward , K. and Darch , C. 1986 . Direct instruction: A research‐based approach to curriculum design and teaching . Exceptional Children , 53 : 17 – 31 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Glass , G.V. 1983 . Effectiveness of special education . Policy Studies Review , 2 (1) : 65 – 78 .
   Google Scholar
• Glynn , T. 1985 . Contexts for learning: Implications for mildly and moderately handicapped children . Australia and New Zealand Journal of Developmental Disabilities , 77 (4) : 257 – 263 .
   Google Scholar
• Glynn , T. 1985 . “ Effective learning contexts for exceptional children ” . In Exceptional children in New Zealand , Edited by: Mitchell , D.R. and Singh , N. 158 – 167 . Palmerston North : Dunmore Press .
   Google Scholar
• Glynn , T. and McNaughton , S. 1985 . The Mangere Home and School Remedial Reading Procedures: Continuing research on their effectiveness . New Zealand Journal of Psychology , 14 : 66 – 77 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guess , D. and Noonan , M.J. 1982 . Curricula and instructional procedures for severely handicapped students . Focus on Exceptional Children , 74 (5) : 1 – 12 .
   Google Scholar
• Guess , D. and Siegel‐Causey , E. 1985 . “ Behavioral control and education of severely handicapped students: Who's doing what to whom? And why? ” . In Severe mental retardation: From theory to practice , Edited by: Bricker , D. and Fuller , J. 230 – 244 . Reston, VA : The Council for Exceptional Children .
   Google Scholar
• Haring , N. , Liberty , K. and White , O. 1980 . “ Rules for data‐based strategy decisions in instructional programmes ” . In Methods of instruction for severely handicapped students , Edited by: Sailor , W. , Wilcox , B. and Brown , L. 159 – 192 . Baltimore : Paul H. Brookes .
   Google Scholar
• Hart , B. and Risley , T. 1980 . In vivo language intervention: Unanticipated general effects . Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis , 13 : 407 – 432 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hasselriis , P. 1982 . IEPs and a whole‐language model of language arts . Topics in Learning and Learning Disabilities , 4 : 17 – 21 .
   Google Scholar
• Hersh , R.H. and Walker , H.M. 1983 . Great expectations: Making schools effective for all students . Policy Studies Review , 2 : 147 – 188 . Special No. 1
   Google Scholar
• Heshusius , L. 1982 . At the heart of the advocacy dilemma: Mechanistic world view . Exceptional Children , 49 : 6 – 13 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heshusius , L. 1984 . Why would they and I want to do it? A phenomenological‐theoretical view of special education . Learning Disabilities Quarterly , 7 : 363 – 368 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heward , W.L. , Cooper , J.O. , Heron , T.E. , Hill , D.S. , McCormick , S. , Porter , J.T. , Stephens , T.M. and Sutherland , H.A. 1981 . Noncategorical teacher training in a state with categorical certification requirements . Exceptional Children , 48 : 206 – 212 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnston , P.H. 1985 . Understanding reading disability: A case study approach . Harvard Educational Review , 55 : 153 – 177 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lampert , M. 1985 . How do teachers manage to teach? Perspectives on problems in practice . Harvard Educational Review , 55 : 178 – 194 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacArthur , J.A. Using data in programmes for students with severe handicaps: What do we collect and what does it tell us? . Paper presented to the 9th National Conference of the Australian Behaviour Modification Association . Sydney. May ,
   Google Scholar
• Mackenzie , D.E. 1983 . Research for school improvement: An appraisal of some recent trends . Educational Researcher , 72 (3) : 5 – 17 .
   Google Scholar
• McDermott , R.P. 1977a . “ The ethnography of speaking and reading ” . In Linguistic theory: What can it say about reading? , Edited by: Shuy , R.W. 153 – 185 . Newark, DE : International Reading Association .
   Google Scholar
• McDermott , R.P. 1977b . Social relations as contexts for learning in school . Harvard Educational Review , 47 : 198 – 213 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McNaughton , S. Beyond teaching: The development of independence in learning to read . Keynote paper presented to the 11th Australian Reading Association Conference . Brisbane.
   Google Scholar
• Moore , J. 1986 . Direct instruction: A model of instructional design . Educational Psychology , 6 : 201 – 230 .
   Google Scholar
• Morsink , C.V. , Soar , R.S. , Soar , P.M. and Thomas , R. 1986 . Research on teaching: Opening the door to special education classrooms . Exceptional Children , 53 (1) : 32 – 40 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nelson , C.M. and Polsgrove , L. 1984 . Behavior analysis in special education: White rabbit or white elephant? . Remedial and Special Education , 5 : 6 – 17 .
   Google Scholar
• Orlansky , M.D. 1979 . Sam's day: A simulated observation of a severely handicapped child's educational program . American Association for the Education of Persons with Severe Handicaps Review , 4 (3) : 251 – 258 .
   Google Scholar
• Peck , C.A. 1985 . Increasing opportunities for social control by children with autism and severe handicaps: Effects on student behavior and perceived classroom climate . Journal of the Association for Persons with Severe Handicaps , 10 : 183 – 193 .
   Google Scholar
• Peck , C.A. and Schuler , A.L. 1983 . Classroom based language intervention for children with autism: Theoretical and practical considerations for the speech and language therapist . Seminars in Speech and Language , 4 : 93 – 103 .
   Google Scholar
• Poplin , M. 1984 . Toward an holistic viw of persons with learning disaiblities . Learning Disability Quarterly , 7 : 290 – 294 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quinn , D. 1984 . Perspective from the other side: A message of hope for learning disability teachers and students . Learning Disability Quarterly , 7 : 295 – 298 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scriven , M. 1983 . Comments on Gene Glass . Policy Studies Review , 2 : 79 – 84 . Special No. 1
   Google Scholar
• Singh , N.N. and Ahrens , M.G. 1980 . Individualized educational programming for the mentally retarded . The Exceptional Child , 27 (3) : 159 – 167 .
   Google Scholar
• Smith , F. 1978 . Reading , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Snell , M.E. , ed. 1983 . Systematic instruction of the moderately and severely handicapped , 2nd ed. , Columbus : Charles E. Merrill .
   Google Scholar
• Spradlin , J.E. and Siegel , G.M. 1982 . Language training in natural and clinical environments . Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders , 47 : 2 – 6 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stainback , W. and Stainback , S. 1984a . A rationale for the merger of special and regular education . Exceptional Children , 51 : 102 – 111 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stainback , S. and Stainback , W. 1984b . Broadening the research perspective in special education . Exceptional Children , 50 : 400 – 408 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stainback , S. and Stainback , W. 1984c . Methodological considerations in qualitative research . Journal of the Association for Persons with Severe Handicaps , 9 : 296 – 303 .
   Google Scholar
• Ulman , J.D. and Rosenberg , M.S. 1986 . Science and superstition in special education . Exceptional Children , 52 : 459 – 460 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Voeltz , L.M. and Evans , I.M. 1982 . The assessment of behavioral interrelationships in child behavior therapy . Behavioral Assessment , 4 : 131 – 145 .
   Google Scholar
• Voeltz , L.M. and Evans , I.M. 1983 . Educational validity: Procedures to evaluate outcomes in programs for severely handicapped learners . Journal of the Association for the Severely Handicapped , 8 : 3 – 15 .
   Google Scholar
• Wang , M.C. and Birch , J.W. 1984 . Effective special education in regular classes . Exceptional Children , 50 : 391 – 399 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Willems , E.P. 1974 . Behavioral technology and behavioral ecology . Journal of Applied Behavioral Analysis , 7 : 151 – 165 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ysseldyke , J.E. and Algozzine , B. 1982 . Critical issues in special and remedial education , Boston : Houghton Mifflin Co .
   Google Scholar
• Ysseldyke , J.E. , Algozzine , B. and Epps , S. 1983 . A logical and empirical analysis of current practice in classifying students as handicapped . Exceptional Children , 50 : 160 – 166 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar