Interface between Culture and Disability in the Tanzanian Context: Part I

References

• Abosi , O.C. and Ozoji , E.D. 1985 . Educating the blind‐‐A descriptive approach , Ibadan, Nigeria : Spectrum . A working definition of handicap. 1981 January UNESCO Courier, 36‐37
   Google Scholar
• Bickford , A.T. and Wickham , E.R. 1986 . “ Attitudes towards the mentally retarded: Results from six countries ” . In Childhood disability in developing countries‐‐Issues in habilitation and special education , Edited by: Marfo , K. , Walker , S. and Charles , B. 251 – 262 . New York : Praeger .
   Google Scholar
• Boocock , S.S. 1972 . An introduction to the sociology of learning , New York : Houghton Mifflin .
   Google Scholar
• Bruun , F.J. and Ingstad , B. , eds. 1990 . Disability in a cross‐cultural perspective , Working Paper No. 4/1990 Oslo, Norway : University of Norway, Department of Social Anthropology .
   Google Scholar
• Chowo , H.T. 1978 . “ Child development studies ” . In Ministry of Education MTUU: Its role in the reform of primary education in Tanzania , 191 – 200 . Dar es Salaam : Printpak .
   Google Scholar
• Cohen , L. and Manion , L. 1989 . Research methods in education , London : Croom Helm .
   Google Scholar
• Coleridge , P. 1993 . Disability, liberation and development , Oxford, , UK and Ireland : Oxfam .
   Google Scholar
• Croll , P. and Kisanji , J. 1988 . Special education in Nigeria , Technical Report for UNESCO Restricted (UNDP/NIR/87/008)
   Google Scholar
• Curtis , C.K. and Shaver , J.P. 1987 . Modifying attitudes toward persons with disability‐‐Review of reviews . International Journal of Special Education , 2 : 103 – 129 .
   Google Scholar
• Datta , A. 1984 . Education and society: A sociology of African education , London : Macmillan .
   Google Scholar
• Devlieger , P. The cultural significance of physical disability in Africa . Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Society for Applied Anthropology . April , Santa Fe, New Mexico.
   Google Scholar
• Groce , N. 1990 . Traditional folk belief, systems and disabilities: An important factor in policy planning . One in Ten , 9 (1‐2) : 2 – 7 .
   Google Scholar
• Helander , E. 1993 . Prejudice and dignity: An introduction to CBR , Geneva : UNDP .
   Google Scholar
• Institute of Education . 1984 . Development of special education in Tanzania , Dar es Salaam : Author .
   Google Scholar
• Kisanji , J. 1995 . Interface between culture and disability in the Tanzanian context: Part II . International Journal of Disability, Development and Education , 42 : 109 – 124 .
   Google Scholar
• Kisanji , J. , Msengi , Z. and Tungaraza , F. 1982 . The relevance of the ordinary school curriculum to the needs of the handicapped , Research report Dar es Salaam : Institute of Education .
   Google Scholar
• Kisanji , J. , Nchimbi , J.E. and Maggs , A. 1981 . Special education for the handicapped in Tanzania. In United Republic of Tanzania Development of education: Opportunities for external financing , Report No. 39 223 – 253 . Paris : UNESCO .
   Google Scholar
• 1990 . KI SE Bulletin , : 3
   Google Scholar
• Kristensen , K. , Nyaga , G. and Kisanji , J. 1991 . Special education teacher training: Tabora Teacher Training College‐‐A Participatory Evaluation Report, 9‐12 June, 1991 , Nairobi : The Royal Commonwealth Society for the Blind/Sight Savers .
   Google Scholar
• Lowenfield , B. 1972 . Our blind children‐‐Growing and learning with them , 2nd ed , Springfield, IL : Charles C. Thomas .
   Google Scholar
• Luckner , J. 1991 . The competencies needed for teaching hearing‐impaired students: A comparison of elementary and secondary school teacher perceptions . American Annals of the Deaf , 136 : 17 – 20 .
   Google Scholar
• Mba , P.O. 1978 . “ Priority needs of special education in developing countries: Nigeria ” . In International perspectives on future special education , Edited by: Fink , A.H. 30 – 32 . Reston, VA : Council for Exceptional Children .
   Google Scholar
• Miles , M. 1986 . “ Misplanning for disabilities in Asia ” . In Childhood disability in developing countries‐‐Issues in habilitation and special education , Edited by: Marfo , K. , Walker , S. and Charles , B. 101 – 128 . New York : Praeger .
   Google Scholar
• Miles , M. 1989 . The role of special education in information based rehabilitation . International Journal of Special Education , 4 : 111 – 118 .
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of Education and Culture . 1991 . Special Education Unit: Basic School Statistics, June 1991 , Dar es Salaam : Author .
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of Education and Culture . 1992 . Special Education Unit: Basic School Statistics, 1992 , Dar es Salaam : Author .
   Google Scholar
• Mittler , P. and Serpell , R. 1985 . “ Services: An international perspective ” . In Mental deficiency: The changing outlook , 4th ed. , Edited by: Clarke , A. , Clarke , A.D.B. and Berg , J. 716 – 784 . London : Methuen .
   Google Scholar
• Okeahialam , T. The handicapped child in the African environment . Proceedings of the 1974 Annual Conference of the East African Medical Research Council, Kampala, Uganda‐‐The Child in the African Environment: Growth, Development and Survival . Kampala, Uganda. pp. 371 – 377 . East African Medical Research Council .
   Google Scholar
• Oliver , M. 1990 . The politics of disablement , London : Macmillan .
   Google Scholar
• Ross , D.H. 1988 . Educating handicapped young people in Eastern and Southern Africa , Paris : UNESCO Press .
   Google Scholar
• Samuel , Ojwang’ N. 1993 . “ EARS: Working in Kenya's Turkana District ” . In Special education: New dimensions in developing nations , Edited by: Haskell , S.H. and Steer , M. 23 – 25 . Wellington, , New Zealand : Rehabilitation International .
   Google Scholar
• Sararajek , T.A.S. 1992 . The implementation of compulsory education in a semi‐pastoral community in Tanzania , Tanzania : Faculty of Education, University of Dar es Salaam . Unpublished Independent Study
   Google Scholar
• Sauter , J.J. 1978 . Causes of blindness detected in 19 schools for the blind in Tanzania. Final Report , Dar es Salaam : University of Dar es Salaam .
   Google Scholar
• Scholl , G.T. , ed. 1986 . Foundations of education for blind and visually handicaped children and youth: Theory and practice , New York : American Foundation for the Blind .
   Google Scholar
• Sechrest , L. , Fey , T. , Zaidi , H. and Flores , L. 1973 . Attitudes towards mental disorder among college students in the United States, Pakistan and Phillipines . Journal of Cross‐Cultural Psychology , 4 : 342 – 359 .
   Google Scholar
• Serpell , R. , Mariga , L. and Harvey , K. 1993 . Mental retardation in African countries: Conceptualization, services and research . International Review of Research in Mental Retardation , 19 : 1 – 39 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith , H. and Brown , H. 1992 . Defending community care: Can normalization do the job? . British Journal of Social Work , 22 : 685 – 693 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strong , C.J. and Shaver , J.P. 1991 . Modifying attitudes towards persons with hearing impairments: A comprehensive review of research . American Annals of the Deaf , 136 : 252 – 260 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thairu , K. 1985 . The African civilization , Nairobi : Oxford Press .
   Google Scholar
• Tomlinson , S. 1982 . A sociology of special education , London : Routledge and Kegan Paul .
   Google Scholar
• UNICEF . 1987 . Guidelines for prevention of disabilities and rehabilitation , New York : Author .
   Google Scholar
• Walker , S. 1986 . “ Attitudes towards the disabled as reflected in social mores in Africa ” . In Childhood disabilities in developing countries: Issues in habilitation and special education , Edited by: Marfo , K. , Walker , S. and Charles , B. 239 – 249 . New York : Praeger .
   Google Scholar
• WHO . 1981 . International classification of impairment, disability and handicap , Geneva : Author .
   Google Scholar