A model for self‐regulated distance language learning

References

• Anderson , B. 2007 . “ Independent learning ” . In Handbook of distance education , 2nd ed. , Edited by: Moore , M.G. 109 – 122 . Mahwah, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Anderson , N.J. 2004 . “ Developing metacognitive awareness ” . In Extensive reading activities for teaching language , Edited by: Day , R.R. and Bamford , J. 175 – 180 . Cambridge, MA : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Anderson , T. 2007 . “ Modes of interaction ” . In Handbook of distance education , 2nd ed. , Edited by: Moore , M.G. 298 – 309 . Mahwah, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Baggetun , R. and Wasson , B. 2006 . Self‐regulated learning and open writing . European Journal of Education , 41 (3/4) : 453 – 472 .
   Google Scholar
• Benson , P. 2001 . Teaching and researching autonomy in language learning , Harlow : Pearson Education .
   Google Scholar
• Bown , J. 2006 . Locus of learning and affective strategy use: Two factors affecting success in self‐instructed language learning . Foreign Language Annals , 39 (4) : 640 – 659 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Canale , M. and Swain , M. 1980 . Theoretical bases of communicative approaches to second language teaching and testing . Applied Linguistics , 1 (1) : 1 – 47 .
   Google Scholar
• Dembo , M.H. and Eaton , M.J. 2000 . Self‐regulation of academic learning in middle‐level schools . The Elementary School Journal , 100 (5) : 473 – 490 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dembo , M.H. , Junge , L.G. and Lynch , R. 2006 . “ Becoming a self‐regulated learner: Implications for web‐based education ” . In Web‐based learning: Theory, research, and practice , Edited by: O’Neil , H.F. and Perez , R.S. 185 – 202 . Mahwah, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Ding , A. 2005 . “ Theoretical and practical issues in the promotion of collaborative learner autonomy in a virtual self‐access centre ” . In Distance education and languages: Evolution and change , Edited by: Holmberg , B. , Shelley , M. and White , C. 40 – 54 . Clevedon : Multilingual Matters .
   Google Scholar
• Gardner , R. and Lambert , W. 1972 . Attitudes and motivation in second‐language learning , Rowley, MA : Newbury House .
   Google Scholar
• Garrison , R.D. 2003 . “ Self‐directed learning and distance education ” . In Handbook of distance education , Edited by: Moore , M.G. and Anderson , W.G. 161 – 168 . Mahwah, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Hampel , R. and Hauck , M. 2004 . Towards an effective use of audio conferencing in distance language courses . Language Learning & Technology , 8 (1) : 66 – 82 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harlow , J. 2007 . Successfully teaching Biblical language online at the seminary level: Guiding principles of course design and delivery . Teaching Theology and Religion , 10 (1) : 13 – 24 .
   Google Scholar
• Holec , H. 1981 . Autonomy and foreign language learning: Council of Europe , Oxford : Pergamon Press .
   Google Scholar
• Holmberg , B. , Shelley , M. and White , C. , eds. 2005 . Distance education and languages: Evolution and change , Clevedon : Multilingual Matters .
   Google Scholar
• Hurd , S. 1998a . Autonomy at any price? Issues and concerns from a British HE perspective . Foreign Language Annals , 31 (2) : 219 – 230 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hurd , S. 1998b . ‘Too carefully led or too carelessly left alone?’ . Language Learning Journal , 17 : 70 – 74 .
   Google Scholar
• Hurd , S. 2000 . “ Helping learners to help themselves: The role of metacognitive skills and strategies in independent language learning ” . In Current trends in modern language provision for non‐specialist linguists , Edited by: Fay , M. and Ferney , D. 36 – 52 . London : The National Centre for Information on Language Teaching and Research (CILT) in association with Anglia Polytechnic University (APU) .
   Google Scholar
• Hurd , S. 2001 . “ Managing and supporting language learners in open and distance learning environments ” . In Beyond language teaching towards language advising , Edited by: Mozzon‐McPherson , M. and Vismans , R. 135 – 149 . London : CILT .
   Google Scholar
• Hurd , S. 2005 . “ Autonomy and the distance language learner ” . In Distance education and languages: Evolution and change , Edited by: Holmberg , B. , Shelley , M. and White , C. 1 – 19 . Clevedon : Multilingual Matters .
   Google Scholar
• Hurd , S. 2006 . Towards a better understanding of the dynamic role of the distance language learning: Learner perceptions of personality, motivation, roles, and approaches . Distance Education , 27 (3) : 303 – 329 .
   Google Scholar
• Hurd , S. , Beaven , T. and Ortega , A. 2001 . Developing autonomy in a distance language learning context: Issues and dilemmas for course writers . System , 29 (3) : 341 – 355 .
   Google Scholar
• Hymes , D. 1971 . “ Competence and performance in linguistic theory ” . In Language acquisition: Models and methods , Edited by: Huxley , R. and Ingram , E. London : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Krashen , S. 1981 . Second language acquisition and second language learning , Oxford : Pergamon Press .
   Google Scholar
• Krashen , S. 1985 . The input hypothesis: Issues and implications , London : Longman .
   Google Scholar
• Little , D. 1991 . Learner autonomy 1: Definitions, issues, and problems , Dublin : Authentik .
   Google Scholar
• Little , D. 1995 . Learning as dialogue: The dependence of learner autonomy on teacher autonomy . System , 23 (2) : 175 – 181 .
   Google Scholar
• Long , M. 1996 . “ The role of the linguistic environment in second language acquisition ” . In Handbook of second language acquisition , Edited by: Ritchie , W. and Bhatia , T. 413 – 468 . San Diego, CA : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Moore , M.G. 1972 . Learner autonomy: The second dimension of independent learning . Convergence , 5 (2) : 76 – 88 . Retrieved August 4, 2008, from http://www.ajde.com/Documents/learner_autonomy.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Moore , M.G. 2007 . “ The theory of transactional distance ” . In Handbook of distance education , 2nd ed. , Edited by: Moore , M.G. 89 – 105 . Mahwah, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Moore , M.G. and Kearsley , G. 1996 . Distance education: A systems view , Belmont, CA : Wadsworth .
   Google Scholar
• Muller‐Verweyen , M. 1999 . “ Reflection as a means of acquiring autonomy ” . In Learner autonomy in language learning. Defining the field and effecting change , Edited by: Cotterall , S. and Crabbe , D. 79 – 88 . Frankfurt : Peter Lang .
   Google Scholar
• Murphy , L. 2005 . “ Critical reflection and autonomy: A study of distance learners of French, German and Spanish ” . In Distance education and languages: Evolution and change , Edited by: Holmberg , B. , Shelley , M. and White , C. 20 – 39 . Clevedon : Multilingual Matters .
   Google Scholar
• Oxford , R. 1990 . Language learning strategies: What every teacher should know , Boston : Heinle & Heinle .
   Google Scholar
• Oxford , R. 1994 . Language learning strategies: What every teacher should know , New York : Newbury House .
   Google Scholar
• Oxford , R.L. 2008 . “ Hero with a thousand faces: Learning autonomy, learning strategies and learning tactics in independent language learning ” . In Language learning strategies in independent settings , Edited by: Hurd , S. and Lewis , T. 41 – 63 . Clevedon : Multilingual Matters .
   Google Scholar
• Poon , A.Y.K. 2003 . A challenge for the developer: Issues of interactivity and linguistic‐cognitive appropriateness in English language learning . Open Learning , 18 (2) : 135 – 153 .
   Google Scholar
• Ros i Solé , C. and Hopkins , J. 2007 . Contrasting two approaches to distance language learning . Distance Education , 28 (5) : 351 – 370 .
   Google Scholar
• Sanders , R.E. 2005 . Redesigning introductory Spanish: Increased enrollment, online management, cost reduction, and effects on student learning . Foreign Language Annals , 38 (4) : 523 – 532 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silberstein , S. , Dobson , B.K. and Clarke , M.A. 2002 . Reader’s choice , (4th ed.) , Ann Arbor : University of Michigan Press .
   Google Scholar
• Stickler , U. and Hampel , R. 2007 . Designing online tutor training for language courses: A case study . Open Learning , 22 (1) : 75 – 85 .
   Google Scholar
• Swain , M. 1995 . “ Three functions of output in second language learning ” . In For H.G. Widdowson: Principles and practice in the study of language , Edited by: Cook , G. and Seidlhofer , B. 125 – 144 . Oxford : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Thang , S.M. 2005 . Investigating Malaysian distance learners’ perceptions of their English proficiency courses . Open Learning , 20 (3) : 243 – 256 .
   Google Scholar
• Ushioda , E. 2008 . Using I‐statement analysis to explore autonomy and change (CUTE 2 Research Report). Retrieved December 22, 2008, from http://echinauk.org/cases2/cute2/research.htm
   Google Scholar
• van den Boom , G. , Paas , F. and van Merrienboër , J.J.G. 2007 . Effects of elicited reflections combined with tutor or peer feedback on self‐regulated learning and learning outcomes . Learning and Instruction , 17 (5) : 532 – 548 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vanijdee , A. 2003 . Thai distance English learners and learner autonomy . Open Learning , 18 (1) : 75 – 84 .
   Google Scholar
• White , C. 2003 . Language learning in distance education , Cambridge, MA : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• White , C. 2005 . “ Towards a learner‐based theory of distance language learning: The concept of the learner–context interface ” . In Distance education and languages: Evolution and change , Edited by: Holmberg , B. , Shelley , M. and White , C. 55 – 71 . Clevedon : Multilingual Matters .
   Google Scholar
• Zimmerman , B.J. 1994 . “ Dimensions of academic self‐regulation: A conceptual framework for education ” . In Self‐regulation of learning and performance , Edited by: Schunk , D.H. and Zimmerman , B.J. 3 – 21 . Hillsdale, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Zimmerman , B.J. 1998 . Academic studying and the development of personal skill: A self‐regulatory perspective . Educational Psychologist , 33 (2/3) : 73 – 86 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zimmerman , B.J. and Kitsantas , A. 1997 . Developmental phases in self‐regulation: Shifting from process to outcome goals . Journal of Educational Psychology , 89 (1) : 29 – 36 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar