Constructing a global education hub: the unlikely case of Manila

References

• Acacio, K. (2008). Managing labor migration: Philippine state policy and international migration flows, 1969–2000. Asia and Pacific Migration Journal, 17(2), 103–132. doi: 10.1177/011719680801700201
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alberts, H. C. (2007). Beyond the headlines: Changing patterns in international student enrolment in the United States. Geojournal, 68(2–3), 141–153. doi: 10.1007/s10708-007-9079-7
   Google Scholar
• Alburo, F. A., & Abella, D. I. (2002). Skilled labour migration from developing countries: Study on the Philippines. Geneva: International Labour Office.
   Google Scholar
• Altbach, P. G. (1989). Twisted roots: The Western impact on Asian higher education. Higher Education, 18(1), 9–29. doi: 10.1007/BF00138959
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Altbach, P. G. (2005). Universities: Family style. In P. G. Altbach & D. C. Levy (Eds.), Private higher education: A global revolution (pp. 29–32). The Netherlands: Sense Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Amen, M., Mark, K. A., Archer, K., & Bosman, M. M. (2006). Thinking through global cities. In M. M. Amen, K. Archer, & M. M. Bosman (Eds.), Relocating global cities: From the center to the margins (pp. 1–22). Lanham, MA: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Aning, J. (2011, August 21). Philippines has 26k foreign students. Inquirer.net. Retrieved from http://globalnation.inquirer.net/9781/philippines-has-26k-foreign-students
   Google Scholar
• Asis, M. M. B. (2006). The Philippines’ culture of migration. Retrieved from http://www.migrationinformation.org/Profiles/display.cfm?ID=364
   Google Scholar
• Asis, M. M. B., & Batistella, G. (2013). The Filippino youth and the employment migration nexus. Makati City: UNICEF Philippines.
   Google Scholar
• Baas, M. (2006). Students of migration: Indian international students and the question of permanent residency. People and Place, 14(1), 9–24.
   Google Scholar
• Bhabha, H. (1984). Of mimicry and man: The ambivalence of colonial discourse. October, 28, 125–133. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/778467 doi: 10.2307/778467
   Google Scholar
• Bureau of Immigration (Philippines). (2014). Koreans dominate foreign student admissions at Philippine universities. Manila: Bureau of Immigration.
   Google Scholar
• Cabanda, E. (2015). Identifying the role of the sending state in the emigration of health professionals: A review of the empirical literature. Migration and Development. doi: 10.1080/21632324.2015.1123838
   Google Scholar
• Cabanda, E. (2017). Higher education, migration and policy design of the Philippine Nursing Act of 2002. Higher Education Policy. doi: 10.1057/s41307-017-0038-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cebu Daily News. (2013, October 1). BI reminds schools: Admit only foreign students with study visa. Retrieved from http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/498651/bi-reminds-schools-admit-only-foreign-students-with-study-visa
   Google Scholar
• Chowdhury, R., & Phan, L. H. (2014). Desiring TESOL and international education: Market abuse and exploitation. Bristol, UK: Multilingual Matters.
   Google Scholar
• Collins, F. L., & Ho, K. C. (2014). Globalising higher education and cities in Asia and the pacific. Asia Pacific Viewpoint, 55(2), 127–131. doi: 10.1111/apv.12050
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Commission on Higher Education, Philippines (CHED). (2013). Foreign students. Retrieved from http://www.ched.gov.ph/index.php/higher-education-in-numbers/foreign-students/
   Google Scholar
• Commission on Higher Education, Philippines (CHED). (2017). Distribution of higher education institutions by institution type, AY 2016–2017. Retrieved from http://www.ched.gov.ph/central/page/distribution-of-higher-education-institutions-by-institution-type-ay-2016-17
   Google Scholar
• Currie, J., Vidovich, L., & Yang, R. (2008). Countability not answerability? Accountability in Hong Kong and Singapore Universities. Asia Pacific Journal of Education, 28(1), 67–85. doi: 10.1080/02188790701845972
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Haas, H. (2005). International migration, remittances and development: Myths and facts. Third World Quarterly, 26(8), 1269–1284. doi: 10.1080/01436590500336757
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dimmock, C., & Ong, J. S. L. (2010). Studying overseas: Mainland Chinese students in Singapore. Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education, 40(1), 25–42. doi: 10.1080/03057920903155666
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Findlay, A. (2011). An assessment of supply and demand-side theorizations of international student mobility. International Migration, 49(2), 162–190. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2435.2010.00643.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Findlay, A., King, R., Smith, F., Geddes, A., & Skeldon, R. (2012). World class? An investigation of globalisation, difference and international student mobility. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 37(1), 118–131. doi: 10.1111/j.1475-5661.2011.00454.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goquingco, J., & Lowe, S. (2009). Not just exporting: Philippines becoming an attractive destination for international students. World Education News & Reviews. Retrieved from http://wenr.wes.org/2009/01/wenr-january-2009-not-just-exporting-philippines-becoming-an-attractive-destination-for-international-students/
   Google Scholar
• Guevarra, A. R. (2010). Marketing dreams, manufacturing heroes: The transnational labor brokering of Filipino workers. Piscataway, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Guruz, K. (2008). Higher education and international student mobility in the global knowledge economy. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, Albany.
   Google Scholar
• Isidro, A., & Ramos, M. D. (1973). Private colleges and universities in the Philippines. Manila: Coordinating Council of Private Educational Associations.
   Google Scholar
• King, R., & Raghuram, P. (2013). International student migration: Mapping the field and new research agendas. Population, Space and Place, 19(2), 127–137. doi: 10.1002/psp.1746
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knight, J. (2011). Education hubs: A fad, a brand, an innovation? Journal of Studies in International Education, 15(3), 221–240. doi: 10.1177/1028315311398046
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knight, J., & Morshidi, S. (2011). The complexities and challenges of regional education hubs: Focus on Malaysia. Higher Education, 62(5), 593–606. doi: 10.1007/s10734-011-9467-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kofman, E. (2007). The knowledge economy, gender and stratified migrations. Studies in Social Justice, 1(2), 122–135. doi: 10.26522/ssj.v1i2.974
   Google Scholar
• Lee, J. T. (2014). Education hubs and talent development: Policymaking and implementation challenges. Higher Education, 68(6), 807–823. doi: 10.1007/s10734-014-9745-x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKay, S. C. (2007). Filipino sea men: Constructing masculinities in an ethnic labour niche. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 33(4), 617–633. doi: 10.1080/13691830701265461
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miralao, V. A., & Makil, L. P. (2007). Understanding the Korean diaspora to the Philippines. In V. A. Miralao & L. P. Makil (Eds.), Exploring transnational communities in the Philippines (pp. 24–39). Philippines: Philippine Social Science Council.
   Google Scholar
• Mok, K. H. (2007). Questing for internationalization of universities in Asia: Critical reflections. Journal of Studies in International Education, 11(3–4), 433–454. doi: 10.1177/1028315306291945
   Google Scholar
• Ortiga, Y. Y. (2014). Professional problems: The burden of producing the ‘global’ Filipino nurse. Social Science & Medicine, 115, 64–71. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.06.012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ortiga, Y. Y. (2017). The flexible university: Higher education and the global production of migrant labor. British Journal of Sociology of Education, 38(4), 485–499. doi: 10.1080/01425692.2015.1113857
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ortiga, Y. Y. (2018). Emigration, employability, and higher education in the Philippines. Oxford: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Phan, L. H. (2008). Teaching English as an international language: Identity, resistance and negotiation. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
   Google Scholar
• Phan, L. H. (2018). Higher education, English and the idea of ‘the West’: Globalizing and encountering a global south regional university. Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education. doi:10.1080/01596306.2018.1448704
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raghuram, P. (2013). Theorising the spaces of student migration. Population, Space and Place, 19(2), 138–154. doi: 10.1002/psp.1747
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodriguez, R. M. (2010). Migrants for export: How the Philippine state brokers labor to the world. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
   Google Scholar
• Rodriguez, R. M., & Schwenken, H. (2013). Becoming a migrant at home: Subjectivation processes in migrant-sending countries prior to departure. Population, Space and Place, 19(2), 375–388. doi: 10.1002/psp.1779
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sassen, S. (2001). The global city: New York, London, Tokyo. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Sassen, S. (2002). Global cities and survival circuits. In B. Ehrenreich & A. R. Hochschild (Eds.), Global woman: Nannies, maids and sex workers in the new economy (pp. 254–274). New York: Metropolitan Books/ Henry Holt and Company.
   Google Scholar
• Shatkin, G. (2007). Global cities of the south: Emerging perspectives on growth and inequality. Cities, 24(1), 1–15. doi: 10.1016/j.cities.2006.10.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sidhu, R., Ho, K. C., & Yeah, B. S. A. (2011). Emerging education hubs: The case of Singapore. Higher Education, 61(1), 23–40. doi: 10.1007/s10734-010-9323-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Surborg, B. (2011). World cities are just ‘basing points for capital’: Interacting with the world city from the global south. Urban Forum, 22(4), 315–330. doi: 10.1007/s12132-011-9129-6
   Google Scholar
• Tan, E. (2011). What’s wrong with Philippine higher education? Philippine Review of Economics, 48(1), 147–184.
   Google Scholar
• Tubeza, P. C. (2013, January 18). Number of foreign students up 14% to 47,000–BI. Inquirer.net. Retrieved from http://globalnation.inquirer.net/61819/number-of-foreign-students-up-14-to-47000-bi
   Google Scholar
• Tyner, J. A. (2006). Laboring in the periphery: The place of Manila in the global economy. In M. M. Amen, K. Archer, & M. M. Bosman (Eds.), Relocating global cities: From the center to the margins (pp. 101–117). Lanham, MA: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Tyner, J. A. (2009). The Philippines: Mobilities, identities and globalization. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Waters, J. L. (2009). Transnational geographies of academic distinction: The role of social capital in the recognition and evaluation of ‘overseas’ credentials. Globalisation, Societies and Education, 7(2), 113–129. doi: 10.1080/14767720902907895
   Google Scholar
• Yang, P. (2018). Compromise and Complicity in International Student Mobility: The ethnographic case of Indian medical students at a Chinese University. Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education. doi:10.1080/01596306.2018.1435600
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yeates, N. (2009). Production for export: The role of the state in the development and operation of global care chains. Population, Space and Place, 15(2), 175–187. doi: 10.1002/psp.546
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yeates, N. (2012). Global care chains: A state-of-the-art review and future directions in care transnationalization research. Global Networks, 12(2), 135–154. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-0374.2012.00344.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yonezawa, A. (2007). Strategies for the emerging global higher education market in East Asia: A comparative study of Singapore, Malaysia and Japan. Globalisation, Societies and Education, 5(1), 125–136. doi: 10.1080/14767720601133561
   Google Scholar