Behavioral Self-Monitoring of Safety and Productivity in the Workplace: A Methodological Primer and Quantitative Literature Review

REFERENCES

• Allen , S. J. and Blackston , A. R. 2003 . Training preservice teachers in collaborative problem solving: An investigation of the impact on teacher and student behavior change in real-world settings . School Psychology Quarterly , 18 ( 1 ) : 22 – 51 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Annesi , J. J. 2004 . Relationship of social cognitive theory factors to exercise maintenance in adults . Perceptual and Motor Skill , 99 : 142 – 148 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Armeli , S. , Tennen , H. , Todd , M. , Carney , M. A. , Mohr , C. , Affleck , G. and Hromi , A. 2003 . A daily process examination of the stress-response dampening effects of alcohol consumption . Psychology of Addictive Behaviors , 17 ( 4 ) : 266 – 276 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aronson , E. 1999 . The power of self-persuasion . American Psychologist , 54 ( 11 ) : 875 – 884 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Austin , J. , Olson , R. and Wellisley , J. A. 2001 . The behavior engineering model at work on a small scale: Using task clarification, self-monitoring, and public posting to improve customer service . Performance Improvement Quarterly , 14 ( 2 ) : 53 – 76 .
   Google Scholar
• Barton , K. A. , Blanchard , E. B. and Veazey , C. 1999 . Self-monitoring as an assessment strategy in behavioral medicine . Psychological Assessment , 11 ( 4 ) : 490 – 497 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bandura , A. 1986 . Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory , Englewood Cliffs, NJ : Prentice Hall .
   Google Scholar
• Bandura , A. 1991 . Social cognitive theory of self-regulation . Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes , 50 : 248 – 287 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bandura , A. 1997 . Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. , New York : Freeman .
   Google Scholar
• Beal , D. J. and Weiss , H. M. 2003 . Methods of ecological momentary assessment in organizational research . Organizational Research Methods , 6 : 440 – 464 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bem , D. J. 1972 . “ Self-perception theory ” . In Advances in experimental social psychology , Edited by: Berkowitz , L. Vol. 6 , New York : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Broden , M. , Hall , R. V. and Mitts , B. 1971 . The effect of self-recording on the classroom behavior of two eight-grade students . Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis , 4 : 191 – 199 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Browder , D. M. , Liberty , K. , Heller , M. and D'Huyvetters , K. K. 1986 . Self-management by teachers: Improving instructional decision making . Professional School Psychology , 1 ( 3 ) : 165 – 175 .
   Google Scholar
• Buhrman , M. , Fältenhag , S. , Strom , L. and Andersson , G. 2004 . Controlled trial of internet-based treatment with telephone support for chronic back pain . Pain , 111 ( 3 ) : 368 – 377 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burg , M. M. , Reid , D. H. and Lattimore , J. 1979 . Use of a self-recording and supervision program to change institutional staff behavior . Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis , 12 ( 3 ) : 363 – 375 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burger , J. M. 1987 . Desire for control and conformity to a perceived norm . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 56 : 246 – 256 .
   Google Scholar
• Burger , J. M. 1992 . Desire for control: Personality, social, and clinical perspectives. , New York : Plenum Press .
   Google Scholar
• Burger , J. M. and Vartabedian , R. A. 1980 . Desire for control and reaction to proattitudinal and counterattitudinal arguments . Motivation and Emotion , 4 : 239 – 246 .
   Google Scholar
• Burgio , L. D. , Whitman , T. L. and Reid , D. H. 1983 . A participative management approach for improving direct-care staff performance in an institutional setting . Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis , 16 ( 1 ) : 37 – 53 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Capadanno , S. , Zapanta , L. , Buccoli , M. , Schmidt , S. and Olson , R. 2007 . “ Prompting and choice of target behavior increase compliance with behavioral self-monitoring ” . In OBM Network News Winter
   Google Scholar
• Carnahan , J. E. and Nugent , C. A. 1975 . The effects of self-monitoring by patients on the control of hypertension . American Journal of Medical Science , 269 ( 1 ) : 69 – 73 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clark , D. M. , Ball , S. and Pape , D. 1991 . An experimental investigation of thought suppression . Behavior Research and Therapy , 29 : 253 – 257 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clarke , S. 2006 . The relationship between safety climate and safety performance: A meta-analytic review . Journal of Occupational Health Psychology , 11 ( 4 ) : 315 – 327 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen , J. 1988 . Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences , 2nd , Hillsdale, NJ : Lawrence Earlbaum Associates .
   Google Scholar
• Costa , P. T. Jr. and McCrae , R. R. 1993 . NEO – FFI , Odessa, FL : Psychological Assessment Resources .
   Google Scholar
• Craske , M. G. and Tsao , J. C. I. 1999 . Self-monitoring with panic and anxiety disorders . Psychological Assessment , 11 ( 4 ) : 466 – 479 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dean , M. R. , Malott , R. W. and Fulton , B. J. 1983 . The effects of self-management training on academic performance . Teaching of Psychology , 10 ( 2 ) : 77 – 81 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elliot , A. J. , Miltenberger , R. G. , Kaster-Bundgaard , J. and Lumley , V. 1996 . A national survey of assessment and therapy used by behavior therapists . Cognitive and Behavioral Practice , 3 : 107 – 125 .
   Google Scholar
• Faith , M. S. , Allison , D. B. and Gorman , B. S. 1996 . “ Meta-analysis of single-case research ” . In Design and analysis of single-case research , Edited by: Franklin , R. D. , Allison , D. B. and Gorman , B. S. 245 – 277 . Hillsdale, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Festinger , L. 1957 . A theory of cognitive dissonance. , Stanford, CA : Stanford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Foster , S. L. , Laverty-Finch , C. , Gizzo , D. P. and Osantowski , J. 1999 . Practical issues in self-observation . Psychological Assessment , 11 ( 4 ) : 426 – 438 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gravina , N. , Austin , J. , Schreodter , L. and Loewy , S. “ The effects of self-monitoring on safe posture performance ” . In Journal of Organizational Behavior Management
   Google Scholar
• Gupton , T. and LeBow , M. D. 1971 . Behavior management in a large industrial firm . Behavior Therapy , 2 ( 1 ) : 78 – 82 .
   Google Scholar
• Hantula , D. . Beyond words: Quantitative procedures for better lit reviews . Paper presented at the Association for Behavior Analysis International Conference . San Francisco, CA. How much of a difference did it really make? Summarizing the impact of interventions. R. Olson (chair) ,
   Google Scholar
• Hayes , S. C. and Nelson , R. O. 1983 . Similar reactivity produced by external cues and self-monitoring . Behavior Modification , 7 ( 2 ) : 183 – 196 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hickman , J. S. and Geller , E. S. 2003a . A safety self-management intervention for mining operations . Journal of Safety Research , 34 ( 3 ) : 299 – 308 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hickman , J. S. and Geller , E. S. 2003b . Self-management to increase safe driving among short-haul truck drivers . Journal of Organizational Behavior Management , 23 ( 4 ) : 1 – 20 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoover , N. L. and Carroll , R. G. 1987 . Self-assessment of classroom instruction: An effective approach to inservice education . Teaching & Teacher Education , 3 ( 3 ) : 179 – 191 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jackson , A. 2003 . Effectiveness of self-monitoring interventions: The effects on safe bus operation. Tallahassee, FL Unpublished master's thesis. Florida State University,
   Google Scholar
• Kanfer , F. H. 1977 . “ The many faces of self-control, or behavior modification changes its focus ” . In Behavioral self-management: Strategies, techniques, and outcomes , Edited by: Stuart , R. B. 1 – 48 . New York : Brunner/Mazel .
   Google Scholar
• Kessler , D. L. . The effectiveness of different sources of feedback on outcome and behavior in improving the performance of university baseball pitchers. . Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Hofstra University, Hempstead . New York.
   Google Scholar
• Komaki , J. and Dore-Boyce , K. 1978 . Self-recording: Its effects on individuals high and low in motivation . Behavior Therapy , 9 ( 1 ) : 65 – 72 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Komaki , J. , Waddell , W. M. and Pearce , M. G. 1977 . The applied behavior analysis approach and individual employees: Improving performance in two small businesses . Organizational Behavior & Human Performance , 19 ( 2 ) : 337 – 352 .
   Google Scholar
• Korotitsch , W. J. and Nelson-Gray , R. O. 1999 . An overview of self-monitoring research in assessment and treatment . Psychological Assessment , 11 ( 4 ) : 415 – 425 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krause , T. R. 1997 . “ Self-observation ” . In The behavior-based safety process: Managing involvement for an injury-free culture , 283 – 288 . New York : Van Nostrand Reinhold .
   Google Scholar
• Kristal , A. R. , Shattuck , A. L. and Henry , H. 1990 . Patterns in dietary behavior associated with selecting diets low in fat: Reliability and validity of a behavioral approach to dietary assessment . Journal of the American Dietetic Association , 90 ( 2 ) : 214 – 220 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kunitsuka , K. , Yamatsu , K. and Adachi , Y. 2002 . A correspondence behavioral approach for 6 lifestyle's improvements in a workplace . Nippon Koshu Eisei Zasshi , 49 ( 6 ) : 525 – 534 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lamal , P .A. and Benfield , A. 1978 . The effect of self-monitoring on job tardiness and percentage of time spent working . Journal of Organizational Behavior Management , 1 : 142 – 149 .
   Google Scholar
• Laraway , S. , Snycerski , S. , Michael , J. and Poling , A. 2003 . Motivating operations and terms to describe them: Some further refinements . Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis , 36 ( 3 ) : 407 – 414 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Locke , E. A. and Latham , G. P. 1990 . A theory of goal setting and task performance. , Englewood Cliffs, NJ : Prentice Hall .
   Google Scholar
• Ludwig , T. D. and Geller , E. S. 2000 . Intervening to improve the safety of occupational driving: A behavior-change model and review of empirical evidence. , New York : Haworth Press .
   Google Scholar
• McAuley , E. , Pena , M. M. and Jerome , G. J. 2001 . “ Self-efficacy as a determinant and an outcome of exercise ” . In Advances in motivation in sport and exercise , Edited by: Roberts , G. C. 235 – 261 . Champaign, IL : Human Kinetics .
   Google Scholar
• McCann , K. B. and Sulzer-Azaroff , B. 1996 . Cumulative trauma disorders: Behavioral injury prevention at work . Journal of Applied Behavioral Science , 32 ( 3 ) : 277 – 291 .
   Google Scholar
• Michael , J. 1982 . Distinguishing between discriminative and motivational functions of stimuli . Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior , 37 : 149 – 155 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Michael , J. 1993 . Establishing operations . The Behavior Analyst , 16 : 191 – 206 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mohr , C. D. , Armeli , S. , Tennen , H. , Carney , M. A. , Affleck , G. and Hromi , A. 2001 . Daily interpersonal experiences, context, and alcohol consumption: Crying in your beer and toasting good times . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 80 ( 3 ) : 489 – 500 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nelson , R. O. , Hay , L. R. , Hay , W. M and Carstens , C. B. 1977 . The reactivity and accuracy of teachers' self-monitoring of positive and negative classroom verbalizations . Behavior Therapy , 8 ( 5 ) : 972 – 985 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nelson , R. O. and Hayes , S. C. 1981 . Theoretical explanations for reactivity in self-monitoring . Behavior Modification , 5 ( 1 ) : 3 – 14 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Noland , M. P. 1989 . The effects of self-monitoring and reinforcement on exercise adherence . Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport , 60 ( 3 ) : 216 – 224 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olson , R. and Austin , J. 2001 . Behavior-based safety and working alone: The effects of self-monitoring package on the safe performance of bus operators . Journal of Organizational Behavior Management , 21 ( 3 ) : 5 – 43 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olson , R. and Austin , J. 2006 . Performance-based evaluation of flight student landings: Implications for risk management . International Journal of Aviation Psychology , 16 ( 1 ) : 97 – 112 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olson , R. , Laraway , S. and Austin , J. 2001 . Unconditioned and conditioned establishing operations in organizational behavior management . Journal of Organizational Behavior Management , 21 ( 2 ) : 7 – 35 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patterson , E. T. , Griffin , J. C. and Panyan , M. C. 1976 . Incentive maintenance of self-help skill training programs for non-professional personnel . Journal of Behavior Therapy & Experimental Psychiatry , 7 ( 3 ) : 249 – 253 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petersen , L. , Tremblay , G. , Ewigman , B. and Popkey , C. 2002 . The parental diary: A sensitive measure of the process of change in a child maltreatment prevention program . Behavior Modification , 26 ( 5 ) : 627 – 647 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Polaha , J. , Allen , K. and Studley , B. 2004 . Self-monitoring as an intervention to decrease swimmers' stroke counts . Behavior Modification , 28 ( 2 ) : 261 – 275 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Premack , D. 1959 . Toward empirical behavioral laws: I. Positive reinforcement . Psychological Review , 66 : 219 – 233 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Premack , D. 1965 . “ Reinforcement theory ” . In Nebraska symposium on motivation , Edited by: Levine , D. Vol. 13 , Lincoln, NE : University of Nebraska Press .
   Google Scholar
• Prochaska , J. O. and DiClemente , C. C. 1983 . Stages and processes of self-change of smoking: Toward an integrative model of change . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 51 : 390 – 395 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prochaska , J. O. and DiClemente , C. C. 1992 . Stages of change in the modification of problem behaviors. , Newbury Park, CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Rachlin , H. 1974 . Self-control . Behaviorism , 2 : 94 – 107 .
   Google Scholar
• Richman , G. S. , Riordan , M. R. , Reiss , M. L. , Pyles , D. A. M. and Bailey , J. S. 1988 . The effects of self-monitoring and supervisor feedback on staff performance in a residential setting . Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis , 21 ( 4 ) : 401 – 409 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodriguez , M. , Wilder , D. A. , Therrien , K. , Wine , B. , Miranti , R. , Daratany , K. , Salume , G. , Baranovsky , G. and Rodriguez , M. 2005 . Use of the performance diagnostic checklist to select an intervention designed to increase the offering of promotional stamps at two sites of a restaurant franchise . Journal of Organizational Behavior Management , 25 ( 3 ) : 17 – 35 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roetting , M. , Huang , Y. , McDevitt , J. R. and Melton , D. 2003 . When technology tells you how to drive—“truck drivers” attitudes towards feedback by technology . Transportation Research, Part F , 6 : 275 – 287 .
   Google Scholar
• Rosnow , R. L. and Rosenthal , R. 1996 . Computing contrasts, effect sizes, and counternulls on other people's published data: General procedures for research consumers . Pyschological Methods , 1 : 331 – 340 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sigurdsson , S. O. and Austin , J. “ Using real-time visual feedback to improve posture at computer workstations ” . In Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis
   Google Scholar
• Skinner , B. F. 1953 . Science and human behavior. , New York : Macmillan .
   Google Scholar
• Srikameswaran , S. M. . Standardized coaching sessions and a self-evaluation package for improving performance of figures by young figure skaters. . Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Manitoba . Winnipeg, Canada.
   Google Scholar
• Stoylen , I. J. 1996 . Treatment of trichotillomania by habit reversal . Scandinavian Journal of Behavior Therapy , 25 ( 3–4 ) : 149 – 153 .
   Google Scholar
• Sutherland , K. S. and Wehby , J. H. 2001 . The effect of self-evaluation on teaching behavior in classrooms for students with emotional and behavioral disorders . The Journal of Special Education , 35 ( 3 ) : 161 – 171 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas , D. R. 1971 . “ Preliminary findings on self-monitoring for modifying teaching behaviors ” . In A new direction for education: Behavior analysis , Edited by: Ramp , E. A. and Hopkins , B. L. 102 – 113 . University of Kansas .
   Google Scholar
• Totterdell , P. , Spelten , E. , Smith , L. , Barton , J. and Folkard , S. 1995 . Recovery from work shifts: How long does it take? . Journal of Applied Psychology , 80 ( 1 ) : 43 – 57 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Unge , J. , Hansson , G. , Ohlsson , K. , Nordander , C. , Axmon , A. , Winkel , J. and Skerfving , S. 2005 . Validity of self-assessed reports of occurrence and duration of occupational tasks . Ergonomics , 48 ( 1 ) : 12 – 24 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VanWormer , J. J. 2004 . Pedometers and brief e-counseling: Increasing physical activity in overweight adults . Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis , 37 : 421 – 425 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Watson , D. L. and Tharp , R. G. 2007 . Self-directed behavior: Self-modification for personal adjustment , 9th , Belmont, CA : Thomson Wadsworth .
   Google Scholar
• Wilder , D. A. and Carr , J. E. 1998 . Recent advances in the modification of establishing operations to reduce aberrant behavior . Behavioral Interventions , 13 : 43 – 59 .
   Google Scholar
• Wilk , L. A. and Redmon , W. K. 1990 . A daily-adjusted goal-setting and feedback procedure for improving productivity in a university admissions department . Journal of Organizational Behavior Management , 11 ( 1 ) : 55 – 74 .
   Google Scholar
• Woods , R. E. and Bandura , A. 1989 . Impact of conceptions of ability on self-regulatory mechanisms and complex decision making . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 56 : 407 – 415 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zohar , D. 1980 . Safety climate in industrial organizations: Theoretical and applied implications . Journal of Applied Psychology , 65 : 96 – 102 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zohar , D. 2003 . “ The influence of leadership and climate on occupational health and safety ” . In Health and safety in organizations: A multi-level perspective , Edited by: Hoffmann , D. A. and Tetrick , L. E. 201 – 230 . San Francisco : Jossey-Bass .
   Google Scholar