The Deinstitutionalization of Psychiatric Hospitals in Ghana: An Application of Bronfenbrenner’s Social-Ecological Model

References

• Adu-Gyamfi, S. (2017). Mental health service in Ghana: A review of the case. International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS), 6(4), 299–313. doi:10.11591/ijphs.v6i4.8474
   Google Scholar
• Asare, J. B. (2010). Mental health profile of Ghana. International Psychiatry, 7(3), 67–68. doi:10.1192/S1749367600005889
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Awenva, A. D., Read, U. M., Ofori-Attah, A. L., Doku, V. C. K., Akpalu, B., Osei, A. O., & Flisher, A. J. (2010). From mental health policy development in Ghana to implementation: What are the barriers? African Journal of Psychiatry, 13(3), 184–191. doi:10.4314/ajpsy.v13i2.54356
   Google Scholar
• Berry, J. O. (1995). Families and deinstitutionalization: An application of Bronfenbrenner's social ecology model. Journal of Counseling & Development, 73(4), 379–383. doi:10.1002/j.1556-6676.1995.tb01768.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). The ecology of human development. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Chow, W. S., & Priebe, S. (2013). Understanding psychiatric institutionalization: A conceptual review. BMC Psychiatry, 13(1), 169. doi:10.1186/1471-244X-13-169
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Degenhardt, L., Whiteford, H., Hall, W., & Vos, T. (2009). Estimating the burden of disease attributable to illicit drug use and mental disorders: What is ‘Global Burden of Disease 2005’ and why does it matter? Addiction, 104(9), 1466–1471. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2009.02715.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doku, V., Wusu-Takyi, A., & Awakame, J. (2012). Implementing the Mental Health Act in Ghana: Any challenges ahead? Ghana Medical Journal, 46(4), 241.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ewusi-Mensah, I. (2001). Post-colonial psychiatric care in Ghana. Psychiatric Bulletin, 25(6), 228–229. doi:10.1192/pb.25.6.228
   Google Scholar
• Fakhoury, W., & Priebe, S. (2002). The process of deinstitutionalization: An international overview. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 15(2), 187–192.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fournier, O. A. (2011). The status of mental health care in Ghana, West Africa and signs of progress in the greater Accra region. Berkeley Undergraduate Journal, 24(3). Retrieved from https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0gp004t3
   Google Scholar
• Goffman, E. (1961). Essays on the social situation of mental patients and other inmates. New York: Anchor Books Doubleday & Company.
   Google Scholar
• Ghanaian Times. (2018, December 12). Ghana’s population hits 29.6m – Statistical service. Retrieved from http://citifmonline.com/2018/03/12/ghanas-population-hits-29-6m-statistical-service/
   Google Scholar
• Government of Ghana. (2012). Mental Health Law, Act 846 of 2012. Accra, Ghana: Assembly Press Ltd.
   Google Scholar
• Jack, H., Canavan, M., Ofori-Atta, A., Taylor, L., & Bradley, E. (2013). Recruitment and retention of mental health workers in Ghana. PLoS One, 8(2), e57940. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0057940
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martel, S., & Steensma, C. (2012). Disability-adjusted life years: An indicator to measure burden of disease in Québec. Synthesis, Institut national de santé publique du Québec, p. 70.
   Google Scholar
• Mfoafo-M'Carthy, M., & Sottie, C. A. (2015). Current practices in community treatment of the mentally ill in Ontario, Canada: Learning opportunities for improving Ghana's mental health system. International Journal of Culture and Mental Health, 8(4), 359–369. doi:10.1080/17542863.2015.1055333
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of Health (MOH). (2013). The mental health system in Ghana report. Retrieved from http://www.mhinnovation.net/sites/default/files/downloads/innovation/research/The-Mental-Health-System-in-Ghana-Report.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Mollica, R. F., Cardozo, B. L., Osofsky, H. J., Raphael, B., Ager, A., & Salama, P. (2004). Mental health in complex emergencies. Lancet (London, England)), 364(9450), 2058–2067. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(04)17519-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muijen, M. (2008). Focus on mental health care reforms in Europe: Mental health services in Europe: An overview. Psychiatric Services, 59(5), 479–482. doi:10.1176/ps.2008.59.5.479
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. (2016). Providing sustainable mental and neurological health care in Ghana and Kenya: Workshop summary. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.
   Google Scholar
• Niederer, I., Zahner, L., Bürgi, F., Ebenegger, V., Hartmann, T., Meyer, U., Schindler, C., Nydegger, A., Marques-Vidal, P. & Puder, J. (2009). Influence of a lifestyle intervention in preschool children on physiological and psychological parameters (Ballabeina): Study design of a cluster randomized controlled trial. BMC Public Health, 9(1). doi:10.1186/1471-2458-9-94. Retrieved from: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Ecological-Model-Bronfenbrenners-Ecological-Model-describing-the-environmental_fig2_24247760
   Google Scholar
• Nukunya, G. K. (2003). Tradition and change in Ghana: An introduction to sociology (2nd ed.). Accra, Ghana: Universities Press.
   Google Scholar
• Omar, M. A., Green, A. T., Bird, P. K., Mirzoev, T., Flisher, A. J., Kigozi, F., … Ofori-Atta, A. L. (2010). Mental health policy process: A comparative study of Ghana, South Africa, Uganda and Zambia. International Journal of Mental Health Systems, 4(1), 24.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Patel, V., & Prince, M. (2010). Global mental health: A new global health field comes of age. JAMA, 303(19), 1976–1977. doi:10.1001/jama.2010.616
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petersen, I., & Lund, C. (2011). Mental health service delivery in South Africa from 2000 to 2010: One step forward, one step back. South African Medical Journal, 101(10), 751–757.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Read, A. (2009). Psychiatric deinstitutionalization in BC: Negative consequences and possible solutions. UBC Medical Journal, 1(1), 25–26.
   Google Scholar
• Roberts, M., Mogan, C., & Asare, J. B. (2014). An overview of Ghana’s mental health system: Results from an assessment using the World Health Organization’s Assessment Instrument for Mental Health Systems (WHO-AIMS). International Journal of Mental Health Systems, 8(1), 16.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Saxena, S., Thornicroft, G., Knapp, M., & Whiteford, H. (2007). Resources for mental health: Scarcity, inequity, and inefficiency. The Lancet, 370(9590), 878–889. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61239-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sealy, P., & Whitehead, P. C. (2004). Forty years of deinstitutionalization of psychiatric services in Canada: An empirical assessment. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 49(4), 249–257. doi:10.1177/070674370404900405
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shen, G. C., & Snowden, L. R. (2014). Institutionalization of deinstitutionalization: A cross-national analysis of mental health system reform. International Journal of Mental Health Systems, 8(1), 47.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Smedley, B. D. & Syme, S.L. (Eds.). (2000). Promoting health: Intervention strategies from social and behavioral research. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.
   Google Scholar
• Sottie, C. A. (2014). Towards a comprehensive system of community based mental healthcare in Ghana: Social work perspective. In C. A. Sottie, M. Dako-Gyeke, & R. J. Walls (Eds.), Social work in a changing world: Issues and prospects. University of Ghana Readers Series (Vol. 7, pp. 160–174). Accra, Ghana: Woeli.
   Google Scholar
• Stokols, D. (1996). Translating social ecological theory into guidelines for community health promotion. American Journal of Health Promotion, 10(4), 282–298. doi:10.4278/0890-1171-10.4.282
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stokols, D. (2018). Social ecology in the digital age: Solving complex problems in a globalized world. Academic Press/Elsevier.
   Google Scholar
• Tawiah, P. E., Adongo, P. B., & Aikins, M. (2015). Mental health-related stigma and discrimination in Ghana: Experience of patients and their caregivers. Ghana Medical Journal, 49(1), 30–36. doi:10.4314/gmj.v49i1.6
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wainberg, M. L., Scorza, P., Shultz, J. M., Helpman, L., Mootz, J. J., Johnson, K. A., … Arbuckle, M. R. (2017). Challenges and opportunities in global mental health: A research-to-practice perspective. Current Psychiatry Reports, 19(5), 28.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walker, G. H., & Osei, A. (2017). Mental health law in Ghana. BJPsych International, 14(2), 38–39.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Whiteford, H. A., Degenhardt, L., Rehm, J., Baxter, A. J., Ferrari, A. J., Erskine, H. E., … Vos, T. (2013). Global burden of disease attributable to mental and substance use disorders: Findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. The Lancet, 382(9904), 1575–1586. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61611-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WHO. (2007). Ghana: A very progressive mental health law. Mental Improvements for Nations Development: Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, WHO Geneva. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/mental/_health/policy/country/GhanaCoutrySummary_Oct2007.pdf
   Google Scholar
• WHO. (1986). Ottawa charter for health promotion. Paper presented at the International Conference on Health Promotion: The move towards a new public health, November 17–21, 1986, WHO, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
   Google Scholar
• Zucker, L. G. (1977). The role of institutionalization in cultural persistence. American Sociological Review, 42(5), 726–743. doi:10.2307/2094862
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar