ENVIRONMENTAL CONTEXT OF CAREGIVING FOR SEVERELY MENTALLY ILL ADULTS: AN AFRICAN AMERICAN EXPERIENCE

REFERENCES

• American Psychiatric Association. (1987). Diagnostic and statistical manual ofmental disorders (3rd ed., rev.). Washington, DC: Author.
   Google Scholar
• Bernard, H. R. (1988). Research methods in cultural anthropology. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Brooker, C. (1990). The health education needs of families caring for a schizophrenic relative and the potentialrole for community psychiatricnurses. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 15, 1092–1098.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Casimer, G. J., & Morrison, B. J. (1993). Rethinking work with "multiculturalpopula-lions." Community Mental Health Journal, 29, 547–559.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chatters, L., & Taylor, R. (1989). Life problems and coping strategies of older black adults. Social Work, 34, 313–319.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chatters, L., Taylor, R., & Neighbors, H. (1989). Size of informal he lper network mobi-lized during a serious personalproblem among black Americans. Journalof Marriage and the Family, 51, 667–676.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheung, F. K., & Snowden, L. R. (1990). Community mental health and ethnic minority populations. Community Mental Health Journal, 26, 277–291.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ford, J., Young, D., Perez, B. C., Obermeyer, R. L., & Rohner, D. G. (1992). Needs assessment for persons with severe mental illness: What services are needed for successful community living? Community Mental Health Journal, 28, 491–503.
   Google Scholar
• Hanson, J. G., & Rapp, C. A. (1992). Families' perceptions of community mental health programs for their relatives with a severe mental illness. Community Mental Health Journal, 28, 181–197.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hatfield, A. B., & Lefley, H. P. (1987). Families of the mentally ill: Coping and adap-tation. New York: Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hill, R. (1972). The strengths of blackfamilies. New York: Emerson Hall.
   Google Scholar
• Hines-Martin, V. P. (1992). A research review: Family caregivers of chronically ill African-American elderly. Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 18, 25–29.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hines-Martin, V. P. (1997). African American caregivers of severely mentally ill adults. Manuscript submitted for publication.
   Google Scholar
• Horowitz, A. V, & Reinhard, S. C. (1995). Ethnic differences in caregiving duties and burdens among parents and siblings of persons with severe mental illnesses. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 36, 138–150.
   Google Scholar
• Howard, P. B. (1994). Lifelong maternal caregiving: Learning to live with a child who has schizophrenia. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 8, 107–14.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kentucky State Data Center. (1993). Current Kentucky statistics. Louisville, KY: Center for Urban and Economic Research.
   Google Scholar
• Lefley, H. P. (1996). Family caregiving in mental illness. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Leininger, M. (1991). Culture care diversity and universality: A theory of nursing. New York: National League for Nursing.
   Google Scholar
• Lincoln, Y, & Guba, E. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Maurin, J. T., & Boyd, C. B. (1990). Burden of mental illness on the family: A critical review. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 4, 99–109.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McAdoo, H. P. (1997). Black families (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Morycz, R. K., Malloy, J., Bozich, M., & Martz, P. (1987). Racial differences in family burden: Clinical imp lications for social work. Journal of GerontologicalSo cial Work 10, 133–142.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mui, A. C. (1992). Caregiver strain among black and white daughter caregivers: A role theory perspective. The Gerontologist, 32, 203–212.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Munetz, M. R., Birnbaum, A., & Wyzik, P. E (1993). An integrative ideology to guide community based multidisciplinary care of severely mentally ill patients. Hospital and Community Psychiatry, 44, 551–555.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mutran, E. (1985). Intergenerationalfamily support among blacks and whites: Response to culture or socioeconomic differences? Journal of Gerontology, 40, 382–389.
   Google Scholar
• Norton, S., Wandersman, A., & Goldman, C. R. (1993). Perceived costs and benefits of membership in self-help groups: Comparisons of members and nonmembers of the Alliance for the Mentally Ill. Community Mental Health Journal, 29, 143–160.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pickett, S. A., Vraniak, D. A., Cook, J. A., & Cohler, B. J. (1993). Strength in adver-sity: Blacks bear burden better than whites. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 24, 460–467.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanjek, R. (Ed.). (1990). Fieldnotes: The making of anthropology. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Scheffler, R. M., & Miller, A. B. (1991). Differences in mental health service utilization among ethnic subpopulations.InternationalJournaloflaw and Psychiatry, 14,363–376.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seidel, J. V, Kjolseth, R., & Seymour, E. (1988). The ethnograph Corvalis, OR: Qualis Research Associates.
   Google Scholar
• Smerglia, V. L., Deimling, G. T., & Barresi, C. M. (1988). Black/white family compar-isons in he lping and decision-makingnetworks of impaired elderly. Family Relations, 37,305–309.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sokolovsky, J. (1985). Ethnicity, culture and aging: Do difference s really make a differ-ence? Journal of Applied Gerontology, 4, 6–17.
   Google Scholar
• Spradley,J. P. (1979) . The ethnographic interview. New York: Holt,Rinehart& Winston.
   Google Scholar
• Spradley, J. P. (1980). Participant observation New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
   Google Scholar
• Staples,R. (1974). The black family revisited: A review and a preview Journal of Social and Behavioral Sciences, 20, 65–78.
   Google Scholar
• Stone, R., Cafferata, G., & Sangl, J. (1987). Caregivers of the frail: A national profile. The Gerontologist,27, 616–626.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Struening, E. L., Stueve, A., Vine, R, Kreisman, D. E., Link, B. G., & Herman, D. B. (1995). Factors associated with grief and depressive symptoms in caregivers with serious mental illness. In J. R. Greenley (Ed.), Research in community and mental illness (Vol. 8, pp. 91–124). Greenwich, CI': JAI Press.
   Google Scholar
• Tausig, M., Fisher, G. A., & Tessler, R. C. (1992). Informal systems of care for the chronically mentally ill. Community Mental Health Journal, 28, 413–425.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor, R. J. (1985). The extended family as a source of support to elderly blacks. The Gerontologist, 25, 488–495.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor, R., & Chatters, L. (1986). Patterns of informal support to elderly black adults: Family, friends, and church members. Social Work, 31, 432–438.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turner, J. T., & Wan, T. N. (1993). Recidivism and mental illness: The role of commu-nities. Community Mental Health Journal, 29, 3–14.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• U.S. Bureauofthe Census. (1990). Poverty in the United States 1990: Currentpopulation reports (Series P-60, No. 175). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Commerce.
   Google Scholar
• Wilkinson, D. (1987). Ethnicity. In M. B. Sussman & S. K. Steinmetz (Eds.), Handbook of marriage and the family (pp. 221–313). New York: Plenum.
   Google Scholar