Efficacy of the 21-aminosteroid U74006F in improving neurological recovery after spinal cord injury in ratsFootnote

The study was approved by the Committee for the Care of Laboratory Animals, Uppsala University.

References

• Young W. Blood flow, metabolic and neurophysiological mechanisms in spinal cord injury. In: Decker DP, Povlishock JT, eds. Central Nervous System Trauma Status Report. National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke, National Institute of Health: Bethesda, 1985; pp. 463–473
   Google Scholar
• Hall ED, Braughler JM. Central nervous system trauma and stroke. 2. Physiological and pharmacological evidence for involvement of oxygen radicals and lipid peroxidation. J Free Radic Biol Med 1989; 6: 303–313
   Google Scholar
• Hall ED, Braughler JM. Role of lipid peroxidation in post-traumatic spinal cord degeneration: A review. CNS Trauma 1986; 3: 281–294
   Google Scholar
• Kinuta Y, Kikuchi H, Ishikawa M, Kimura M, Itokawa Y. Lipid peroxidation in focal cerebral ischemia. J Neurosurg 1989; 71: 421–429
   Google Scholar
• Braughler JM, Hall ED. Central nervous system trauma and stroke. Biochemical considerations for oxygen free radical formation and lipid peroxidation. J Free Radic Biol Med 1989; 6: 289–301
   Google Scholar
• lkeda Y, Ikeda K, Long DM. Protective effect of the iron chelator deferoxamine on cold-induced brain edema. J Neurosurg 1989; 71: 233-238
   Google Scholar
• Anderson DK, Saunders RD, Demediuk P, Dugan LL, Braughler JM, Hall ED, Means ED, Horrocks LA. Lipid hydrolysis and peroxidation in injured spinal cord: Partial protection with methylprednisolone or vitamin E and selenium. CNS Trauma 1985; 2: 257–267
   Google Scholar
• Fujimoto S, Mizoi K, Yoshimoto T, Suzuki J. The protective effect of vitamin E on cerebral ischemia. Surg Neurol 1984; 22: 449–454
   Google Scholar
• Hara H, Kato H, Kogure K. Protective effect of alpha-tocopherol on ischemic neuronal damage in the gerbil hippocampus. Brain Res 1990; 510: 335–338
   Google Scholar
• Braughler JM, Hall ED. Current application of "high-dose" steroid therapy for CNS injury: A pharmacological perspective. J Neurosurg 1985; 62: 806–810
   Google Scholar
• McCall JM, Hall ED, Braughler JM. A new class of 21-aminosteroids which are useful for stroke and trauma. In: R. Capildeo, ed. Steroids in diseases of the central nervous system. Chichester: J Wiley, 1989; pp. 69–80
   Google Scholar
• Kanamaru K, Weir BKA, Findlay JM, Grace M, Macdonald RL. A dosage study of the effect of the 21-aminosteroid U74006F on chronic cerebral vasospasm in a primate model. Neurosurgery 1990; 27: 29–38
   Google Scholar
• Dimlich RV, Tornheim PA, Kindel RM, Hall ED, Braughler JM, McCall JM. Effects of a 21-aminosteroid (U74006F) on cerebral metabolites and edema after severe experimental head trauma. Adv Neurol 1990; 52: 365–375
   Google Scholar
• Silvia RC, Piercey MF, Hoffmann WE, Chase RL, Braughler JM, Tang AH. U74006F, an inhibitor of lipid peroxidation protects against lesion development following experimental stroke in the cat: Histological and metabolic analysis. Neurosci Abst 1987; 13: 1495
   Google Scholar
• Hall ED, Yonkers PA. Attenuation of post-ischemic cerebral hypoperfusion by the 21-aminosteroid U74006F. Stroke 1988; 19: 340–344
   Google Scholar
• Hall ED, Pazara KE, Braughler JM. 21-aminosteroid lipid peroxidation inhibitor U74006F protects against cerebral ischemia in gerbils. Stroke 1988; 19: 997–1002
   Google Scholar
• Hall ED, Yonkers PA, McCall JM, Braughler JM. Effect of the 21-aminosteroid U74006F on experimental head injury in mice. J Neurosurg 1988; 68: 456–461
   Google Scholar
• Jacobsen EJ, McCall JM, Ayer DE, Van-Doornik FJ, Palmer JR, Braughler JM, Hall ED, Houser Dj, Krook MA. Novel 21-aminosteroids that inhibit iron-dependent lipid peroxidation and protect against central nervous system trauma. J Med Chem 1990; 33: 1145–51
   Google Scholar
• Anderson DK, Braughler JM, Hall ED, Waters TR, McCall JM, Means ED. Effects of treatment with U47006F on neurological outcome following experimental spinal cord injury. J Neurosurg 1988; 69: 562–567
   Google Scholar
• Fowl RJ, Patterson RB, Cewirtz RJ, Anderson DK. Protection against postischemic spinal cord injury using a new 21-aminosteroid. J Surg Res 1990; 48: 597–600
   Google Scholar
• Hall ED. Effects of the 21-aminosteroid U47006F on posttraumatic spinal cord ischemia in cats. J Neurosurg 1988; 68: 462–465
   Google Scholar
• Hall ED, Yonkers PA, Horan KL, Braughler JM. Correlation between attenuation of posttraumatic spinal cord ischemia and preservation of tissue vitamin E by the 21-aminosteroid U47006F: Evidence for an in vivo antioxidant mechanism. J Neurotrauma 1989; 6: 169–176
   Google Scholar
• Holtz A, Cerdin B. Blocking weight-induced spinal cord injury in rats; Therapeutic effect of the 21-aminosteroid U74006F. J Neurotrauma 1992, in press
   Google Scholar
• Holtz A, Nystrom B, Cerdin B. Spinal cord blood flow measured by 14C-iodoantipyrine autoradiography during and after graded spinal cord compression in rats. Surg Neurol 1989; 31: 350–360
   Google Scholar
• Rivlin AS, Tator CH. Objective clinical assessment of motor function after experimental spinal cord injury in the rat. J Neurosurg 1977; 47: 577–581
   Google Scholar
• Nystrom B, Berglund J-E, Bergqvist E. Methodological analysis of an experimental spinal cord compression model in the rat. Acta Neurol Scand 1988; 78: 460–466
   Google Scholar
• Aoki N, Lefer AM. Protective effects of a novel nonglucocorticoid 21-aminosteroid (U47006F) during traumatic shock in rats. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1990; 15: 205–210
   Google Scholar
• Holtz A, Nystrom B, Cerdin B. Effect of methylprednisolone on motor function and spinal cord blood flow after spinal cord compression in rats. Acta Neurol Scand 1990; 82: 68–73
   Google Scholar